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<dt><dd>13.4.11 volatile Fields 253</a><a href="13.doc.html#45197"><dt><dd>13.4.12 Method and Constructor Declarations 253</a><a href="13.doc.html#45202"><dt><dd>13.4.13 Method and Constructor Parameters 254</a><a href="13.doc.html#45208"><dt><dd>13.4.14 Method Result Type 254</a><a href="13.doc.html#45214"><dt><dd>13.4.15 abstract Methods 254</a><a href="13.doc.html#45238"><dt><dd>13.4.16 final Methods 255</a><a href="13.doc.html#45255"><dt><dd>13.4.17 native Methods 256</a><a href="13.doc.html#45257"><dt><dd>13.4.18 static Methods 256</a><a href="13.doc.html#45259"><dt><dd>13.4.19 synchronized Methods 256</a><a href="13.doc.html#45262"><dt><dd>13.4.20 Method and Constructor Throws 256</a><a href="13.doc.html#45265"><dt><dd>13.4.21 Method and Constructor Body 257</a><a href="13.doc.html#45274"><dt><dd>13.4.22 Method and Constructor Overloading 257</a><a href="13.doc.html#45301"><dt><dd>13.4.23 Method Overriding 258</a><a href="13.doc.html#45331"><dt><dd>13.4.24 Static Initializers 259</a></dl><a href="13.doc.html#45337"><dt><dd>13.5 Evolution of Interfaces 259</a><dl><a href="13.doc.html#45339"><dt><dd>13.5.1 public Interfaces 259</a><a href="13.doc.html#45342"><dt><dd>13.5.2 Superinterfaces 260</a><a href="13.doc.html#45347"><dt><dd>13.5.3 The Interface Members 260</a><a href="13.doc.html#45363"><dt><dd>13.5.4 Field Declarations 260</a><a href="13.doc.html#45371"><dt><dd>13.5.5 Abstract Method Declarations 261</a></dl></dl><a href="14.doc.html"><H2> 14 Blocks and Statements 263</H2></a><dl><a href="14.doc.html#5894"><dt><dd>14.1 Normal and Abrupt Completion of Statements 264</a><a href="14.doc.html#24644"><dt><dd>14.2 Blocks 265</a><a href="14.doc.html#5920"><dt><dd>14.3 Local Variable Declaration Statements 265</a><dl><a href="14.doc.html#35393"><dt><dd>14.3.1 Local Variable Declarators and Types 266</a><a href="14.doc.html#32644"><dt><dd>14.3.2 Scope of Local Variable Declarations 267</a><a href="14.doc.html#32673"><dt><dd>14.3.3 Hiding of Names by Local Variables 268</a><a href="14.doc.html#32717"><dt><dd>14.3.4 Execution of Local Variable Declarations 269</a></dl><a href="14.doc.html#32584"><dt><dd>14.4 Statements 269</a><a href="14.doc.html#5970"><dt><dd>14.5 The Empty Statement 271</a><a href="14.doc.html#78993"><dt><dd>14.6 Labeled Statements 271</a><a href="14.doc.html#5984"><dt><dd>14.7 Expression Statements 272</a><a href="14.doc.html#5991"><dt><dd>14.8 The if Statement 273</a><dl><a href="14.doc.html#237433"><dt><dd>14.8.1 The if-then Statement 273</a><a href="14.doc.html#237435"><dt><dd>14.8.2 The if-then-else Statement 273</a></dl><a href="14.doc.html#35518"><dt><dd>14.9 The switch Statement 274</a><a href="14.doc.html#237277"><dt><dd>14.10 The while Statement 277</a><dl><a href="14.doc.html#21139"><dt><dd>14.10.1 Abrupt Completion 278</a></dl><a href="14.doc.html#6045"><dt><dd>14.11 The do Statement 278</a><dl><a href="14.doc.html#45366"><dt><dd>14.11.1 Abrupt Completion 279</a><a href="14.doc.html#24585"><dt><dd>14.11.2 Example of do statement 280</a></dl><a href="14.doc.html#24588"><dt><dd>14.12 The for Statement 280</a><dl><a href="14.doc.html#45367"><dt><dd>14.12.1 Initialization of for statement 281</a><a href="14.doc.html#45370"><dt><dd>14.12.2 Iteration of for statement 281</a><a href="14.doc.html#45371"><dt><dd>14.12.3 Abrupt Completion of for statement 282</a></dl><a href="14.doc.html#6842"><dt><dd>14.13 The break Statement 283</a><a href="14.doc.html#6122"><dt><dd>14.14 The continue Statement 285</a><a href="14.doc.html#6767"><dt><dd>14.15 The return Statement 286</a><a href="14.doc.html#237350"><dt><dd>14.16 The throw Statement 287</a><a href="14.doc.html#79287"><dt><dd>14.17 The synchronized Statement 289</a><a href="14.doc.html#79311"><dt><dd>14.18 The try statement 290</a><dl><a href="14.doc.html#24134"><dt><dd>14.18.1 Execution of try-catch 291</a><a href="14.doc.html#236653"><dt><dd>14.18.2 Execution of try-catch-finally 292</a></dl><a href="14.doc.html#236365"><dt><dd>14.19 Unreachable Statements 295</a></dl><a href="15.doc.html"><H2> 15 Expressions 301</H2></a><dl><a href="15.doc.html#228862"><dt><dd>15.1 Evaluation, Denotation, and Result 301</a><a href="15.doc.html#229188"><dt><dd>15.2 Variables as Values 302</a><a href="15.doc.html#198550"><dt><dd>15.3 Type of an Expression 302</a><a href="15.doc.html#233992"><dt><dd>15.4 Expressions and Run-Time Checks 302</a><a href="15.doc.html#79448"><dt><dd>15.5 Normal and Abrupt Completion of Evaluation 304</a><a href="15.doc.html#4779"><dt><dd>15.6 Evaluation Order 305</a><dl><a href="15.doc.html#18498"><dt><dd>15.6.1 Evaluate Left-Hand Operand First 305</a><a href="15.doc.html#18740"><dt><dd>15.6.2 Evaluate Operands before Operation 307</a><a href="15.doc.html#23213"><dt><dd>15.6.3 Evaluation Respects Parentheses and Precedence 308</a><a href="15.doc.html#23789"><dt><dd>15.6.4 Argument Lists are Evaluated Left-to-Right 309</a><a href="15.doc.html#23451"><dt><dd>15.6.5 Evaluation Order for Other Expressions 310</a></dl><a href="15.doc.html#23302"><dt><dd>15.7 Primary Expressions 311</a><dl><a href="15.doc.html#224125"><dt><dd>15.7.1 Literals 312</a><a href="15.doc.html#31980"><dt><dd>15.7.2 this 313</a><a href="15.doc.html#236822"><dt><dd>15.7.3 Parenthesized Expressions 313</a></dl><a href="15.doc.html#41147"><dt><dd>15.8 Class Instance Creation Expressions 314</a><dl><a href="15.doc.html#23745"><dt><dd>15.8.1 Run-time Evaluation of Class Instance Creation Expressions 314^M</a><a href="15.doc.html#36687"><dt><dd>15.8.2 Example: Evaluation Order and Out-of-Memory Detection 315</a></dl><a href="15.doc.html#46168"><dt><dd>15.9 Array Creation Expressions 315</a><dl><a href="15.doc.html#23605"><dt><dd>15.9.1 Run-time Evaluation of Array Creation Expressions 316</a><a href="15.doc.html#23879"><dt><dd>15.9.2 Example: Array Creation Evaluation Order 318</a><a href="15.doc.html#36736"><dt><dd>15.9.3 Example: Array Creation and Out-of-Memory Detection 319</a></dl><a href="15.doc.html#41267"><dt><dd>15.10 Field Access Expressions 319</a><dl><a href="15.doc.html#37055"><dt><dd>15.10.1 Field Access Using a Primary 320</a><a href="15.doc.html#20860"><dt><dd>15.10.2 Accessing Superclass Members using super 322</a></dl><a href="15.doc.html#20448"><dt><dd>15.11 Method Invocation Expressions 323</a><dl><a href="15.doc.html#21692"><dt><dd>15.11.1 Compile-Time Step 1: Determine Class or Interface to Search324</a><a href="15.doc.html#21693"><dt><dd>15.11.2 Compile-Time Step 2: Determine Method Signature 325</a><dl><a href="15.doc.html#18427"><dt><dd>15.11.2.1 Find Methods that are Applicable and Accessible 325</a><a href="15.doc.html#18428"><dt><dd>15.11.2.2 Choose the Most Specific Method 327</a><a href="15.doc.html#21711"><dt><dd>15.11.2.3 Example: Overloading Ambiguity 327</a><a href="15.doc.html#21727"><dt><dd>15.11.2.4 Example: Return Type Not Considered 328</a><a href="15.doc.html#29775"><dt><dd>15.11.2.5 Example: Compile-Time Resolution 329</a></dl><a href="15.doc.html#23617"><dt><dd>15.11.3 Compile-Time Step 3: Is the Chosen Method Appropriate? 332</a><a href="15.doc.html#45677"><dt><dd>15.11.4 Runtime Evaluation of Method Invocation 333</a><dl><a href="15.doc.html#38359"><dt><dd>15.11.4.1 Compute Target Reference (If Necessary) 333</a><a href="15.doc.html#45449"><dt><dd>15.11.4.2 Evaluate Arguments 334</a><a href="15.doc.html#45453"><dt><dd>15.11.4.3 Check Accessibility of Type and Method 334</a><a href="15.doc.html#45606"><dt><dd>15.11.4.4 Locate Method to Invoke 335</a><a href="15.doc.html#39078"><dt><dd>15.11.4.5 Create Frame, Synchronize, Transfer Control 336</a><a href="15.doc.html#239532"><dt><dd>15.11.4.6 Implementation Note: Combining Frames 337</a><a href="15.doc.html#39122"><dt><dd>15.11.4.7 Example: Target Reference and Static Methods 337</a><a href="15.doc.html#23837"><dt><dd>15.11.4.8 Example: Evaluation Order 338</a><a href="15.doc.html#239650"><dt><dd>15.11.4.9 Example: Overriding 338</a><a href="15.doc.html#239751"><dt><dd>15.11.4.10 Example: Method Invocation using super 340</a></dl></dl><a href="15.doc.html#239587"><dt><dd>15.12 Array Access Expressions 341</a><dl><a href="15.doc.html#23958"><dt><dd>15.12.1 Runtime Evaluation of Array Access 341</a><a href="15.doc.html#23902"><dt><dd>15.12.2 Examples: Array Access Evaluation Order 342</a></dl><a href="15.doc.html#36254"><dt><dd>15.13 Postfix Expressions 344</a><dl><a href="15.doc.html#4984"><dt><dd>15.13.1 Names 344</a><a href="15.doc.html#39438"><dt><dd>15.13.2 Postfix Increment Operator ++ 345</a><a href="15.doc.html#4987"><dt><dd>15.13.3 Postfix Decrement Operator -- 345</a></dl><a href="15.doc.html#4990"><dt><dd>15.14 Unary Operators 346</a><dl><a href="15.doc.html#39547"><dt><dd>15.14.1 Prefix Increment Operator ++ 347</a><a href="15.doc.html#239136"><dt><dd>15.14.2 Prefix Decrement Operator -- 348</a><a href="15.doc.html#24924"><dt><dd>15.14.3 Unary Plus Operator + 348</a><a href="15.doc.html#236345"><dt><dd>15.14.4 Unary Minus Operator - 349</a><a href="15.doc.html#5017"><dt><dd>15.14.5 Bitwise Complement Operator ~ 349</a><a href="15.doc.html#13350"><dt><dd>15.14.6 Logical Complement Operator ! 349</a></dl><a href="15.doc.html#238146"><dt><dd>15.15 Cast Expressions 350</a><a href="15.doc.html#239829"><dt><dd>15.16 Multiplicative Operators 351</a><dl><a href="15.doc.html#5036"><dt><dd>15.16.1 Multiplication Operator * 351</a><a href="15.doc.html#5047"><dt><dd>15.16.2 Division Operator / 352</a><a href="15.doc.html#24956"><dt><dd>15.16.3 Remainder Operator % 353</a></dl><a href="15.doc.html#15746"><dt><dd>15.17 Additive Operators 355</a><dl><a href="15.doc.html#39990"><dt><dd>15.17.1 String Concatenation Operator + 355</a><dl><a href="15.doc.html#40220"><dt><dd>15.17.1.1 String Conversion 355</a><a href="15.doc.html#40226"><dt><dd>15.17.1.2 Optimization of String Concatenation 356</a><a href="15.doc.html#40423"><dt><dd>15.17.1.3 Examples of String Concatenation 356</a></dl><a href="15.doc.html#13510"><dt><dd>15.17.2 Additive Operators (+ and -) for Numeric Types 358</a></dl><a href="15.doc.html#5121"><dt><dd>15.18 Shift Operators 359</a><a href="15.doc.html#40641"><dt><dd>15.19 Relational Operators 360</a><dl><a href="15.doc.html#153654"><dt><dd>15.19.1 Numerical Comparison Operators <, <=, >, and >=361</a><a href="15.doc.html#80289"><dt><dd>15.19.2 Type Comparison Operator instanceof 361</a></dl><a href="15.doc.html#5192"><dt><dd>15.20 Equality Operators 362</a><dl><a href="15.doc.html#5198"><dt><dd>15.20.1 Numerical Equality Operators == and != 363</a><a href="15.doc.html#54508"><dt><dd>15.20.2 Boolean Equality Operators == and != 364</a><a href="15.doc.html#236163"><dt><dd>15.20.3 Reference Equality Operators == and != 364</a></dl><a href="15.doc.html#5228"><dt><dd>15.21 Bitwise and Logical Operators 365</a><dl><a href="15.doc.html#5233"><dt><dd>15.21.1 Integer Bitwise Operators &, ^, and | 365</a><a href="15.doc.html#5242"><dt><dd>15.21.2 Boolean Logical Operators &, ^, and | 365</a></dl><a href="15.doc.html#5247"><dt><dd>15.22 Conditional-And Operator && 366</a><a href="15.doc.html#54532"><dt><dd>15.23 Conditional-Or Operator || 366</a><a href="15.doc.html#5257"><dt><dd>15.24 Conditional Operator ? : 367</a><a href="15.doc.html#5281"><dt><dd>15.25 Assignment Operators 369</a><dl><a href="15.doc.html#5295"><dt><dd>15.25.1 Simple Assignment Operator = 369</a><a href="15.doc.html#5304"><dt><dd>15.25.2 Compound Assignment Operators 374</a></dl><a href="15.doc.html#5308"><dt><dd>15.26 Expression 381</a><a href="15.doc.html#5313"><dt><dd>15.27 Constant Expression 381</a></dl><a href="16.doc.html"><H2> 16 Definite Assignment 383</H2></a><dl><a href="16.doc.html#26051"><dt><dd>16.1 Definite Assignment and Expressions 386</a><dl><a href="16.doc.html#26052">⌨️ 快捷键说明
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