rfc1480.txt

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   The K12 subdomain provides two points at which to delegate a branch
   of the database to distinct administrators -- the K12 Administrator
   for each state, and the district administrator for each district
   within a state.

   The US Domain Administrator will delegate a branch of the US domain
   to an appropriate party.  In some cases, this may be a particular
   school, a school district, or ever all of K12 for a state.

   The responsibility for managing a K12 branch or sub-branch may be
   delegated to an appropriate volunteer.  We envision that such
   delegations of the schools' DNS service may eventually migrate to
   someone else "more appropriate" from an administrative organizational
   point of view.  The "obvious" state agency to manage the schools' DNS
   branch may take some time to get up to speed on Internetting.  In the
   meantime, we can have the more advanced schools up and running.

   Special Schools and Service Units

   In many states, there are special schools that are not in districts
   that are run directly by the state or by consortiums.  There are also
   service units that provide "educational services" ranging from books
   and computers to janitorial supplies and building maintenance.  Often
   these service units do not have a one-to-one relationship with
   districts.

   There is some concern about naming these schools and service units
   within the naming structure for schools established in this memo.
   There are several possibilities.  For a state with many service units
   creating a "pseudo district" ESU (or whatever, the common terminology
   is in that state) is a possibility.  For example, the Johnson service
   unit could be JOHNSON.ESU.K12.CA.US.  For a state with a few such
   service units (and avoiding conflicts with district names) the
   service units could be directly under K12.  For example,



Cooper & Postel                                                [Page 12]

RFC 1480                     The US Domain                     June 1993


   TIES.K12.MN.US.

   The special public funded schools can be handled in a similar
   fashion.  If there are many special schools in a state, a "pseudo
   district" should be established and all the special schools listed
   under it.  For example, suppose there is a "pseudo district" in
   Massachusetts called SPCL, and there is a special school called the
   Progressive Computer Institute, then that school could have the name
   PCI.SPCL.K12.MA.US.  If there are only a few special schools, they
   can be listed directly under K12 (avoiding name conflicts with
   district names).  For example, the California Academy of Math and
   Science is CAMS.K12.CA.US.  CAMS is sponsored by seven schools, the
   California Department of Education, and a University.

   "PVT" Private Schools

   Private schools may be thought of as businesses.  Public schools are
   in districts, and districts provide a natural organizational
   structure for naming and delegation.  For private schools there are
   no districts and they really do operate like businesses.  But, many
   people are upset to think about their children in a private school
   being in a business category and not in K12 with the rest of the
   children.  To accommodate both public and private schools, in each
   state's K12 branch, we've added an artificial district called private
   or "PVT".  This gives a private school the option of registering like
   a business under "locality" or in the PVT.K12.<state-code>.US branch.

   For example:

      Crossroads.PVT.K12.CA.US
      Crossroads-Santa-Monica.CA.US

   A public school "Oak High" in the "Woodward" school district in
   California would have a name like "Oak-High.Woodward.K12.CA.US".

   A private school "Old Trail" in Pasadena, California could have the
   <locality> based name "Old-Trail.Pasadena.CA.US" or the private
   school base name "Old-Trail.PVT.K12.CA.US".

   Some suggest that for private schools instead of a special pseudo
   district PVT to use a locality name.  One reason to use district
   names is that, in time, it seems likely that school district
   administrators will take over the operation of the DNS for their
   district.  One needs to be able to delegate at that branch point.
   One implication of delegation is that the delegatee is now in charge
   of a chunk of the name space and will be registering new names. To
   keep names unique one can't have two different people registering new
   things below identically named branches.



Cooper & Postel                                                [Page 13]

RFC 1480                     The US Domain                     June 1993


   For example, if there is a school district named Pasadena and a city
   named Pasadena, the branch of the name space PASADENA.K12.CA.US might
   be delegated to the administrator of that public school district.  If
   a private school in Pasadena wanted to be registered in the DNS, it
   would have to get the public school district administrator to do it
   (perhaps unlikely) or not be in the K12 branch at all (unless there
   is the PVT pseudo district).

   So, if private schools are registered by
   <school>.<locality>.K12.<state-code>.US and public schools are
   registered by <school>.<district>.K12.<state-code>.US, there can't be
   any locality names that are the same as district names or the
   delegation of these will get very tricky later.

   If it is all done by locality names rather than district names, and
   public and private schools are mixed together, then finding an
   appropriate party to delegate the locality to may be difficult.

   Another suggestion was that private schools be registered directly
   under K12, while public schools must be under a district under K12.
   This would require the operator of the K12 branch to register all
   districts and private schools himself (checking for name uniqueness),
   he couldn't easily delegate the registration of the private schools
   to anyone else.

   Community Colleges and Technical Schools

   To distinguish Community Colleges and Technical/Vocational schools,
   the keywords "CC" and "TEC" have been created.

   Some School Examples

   Hamilton.High.LA-Unified.K12.CA.US        <== a public school
   Sherman-Oaks.Elem.LA-Unified.K12.CA.US    <== a public school
   John-Muir.Middle.Santa-Monica.K12.CA.US   <== a public school
   Crossroads-School.Santa-Monica.CA.US      <== a private school
   SMCC.CC.CA.US                             <== a community college
   TECMCC.CC.CA.US                           <== a community college
   Brick-and-Basket-Institute.TEC.CA.US      <== a technical college
   Northridge.CSU.STATE.CA.US                <== a state university











Cooper & Postel                                                [Page 14]

RFC 1480                     The US Domain                     June 1993


   2.4  State Agencies

   Several states are setting up networks to interconnect the offices of
   state government agencies.  The hosts in such networks should be
   registered under the STATE.<state-code>.US branch.

   A US Domain name space has been established for the state government
   agencies.  For example, in the State of Minnesota, the subdomain is
   STATE.MN.US.

      State Agencies:
      ---------------

      Senate.STATE.MN.US      <== State Senate
      MDH.STATE.MN.US         <== Dept. of Health
      CALTRANS.STATE.CA.US    <== Dept. of Transportation
      DMV.STATE.CA.US         <== Dept. of Motor Vehicles

   2.5  Federal Agencies

   A federal name space has been established for the federal government
   agencies.  For example, the subdomain for the Federal Reserve Bank of
   Minneapolis is MNPL.FRB.FED.US. Other examples are listed below.

      Federal Government Agencies:
      ---------------------------

      Senate.FED.US   <====  US Senate
      DOD.FED.US      <====  US Defense Dept.
      USPS.FED.US     <====  US Postal Service
      VA.FED.US       <====  US Veterans Administration
      IRS.FED.US      <====  US Internal Revenue Service
      Yosemite.NPS.Interior.FED.US    <====  A Federal agency

   2.6  Distributed National Institutes

   The "DNI" branch was created directly under the top-level US.  This
   is to be used for organizations that span state, regional, and other
   organizational boundaries; are national in scope, and have
   distributed facilities.  An example would be:

      Distributed National Institutes:
      --------------------------------

      MetaCenter.DNI.US   <====  The MetaCenter Supercomputer Centers






Cooper & Postel                                                [Page 15]

RFC 1480                     The US Domain                     June 1993


   The MetaCenter domain encompasses the four NSF sponsored
   supercomputer centers. These are:

       San Diego Supercomputer Center (SDSC)
       National Center for Supercomputing Applications (NCSA)
       Pittsburgh Supercomputing Center (PSC)
       Cornell Theory Center (CTC)

   The MetaCenter Network will enable applications and services like
   file systems and archival storage to be operated in a distributed
   fashion; thus, allowing the resources at the four centers to appear
   integrated and "seamless" to users of the centers.

   2.7  General Independent Entities

   This name space was created for organizations that don't really fit
   anywhere else, such as state-wide associations, clubs, and "domain
   parks".  Think of this as the miscellaneous category.

   The examples are state-wide clubs.  For example, the Garden Club of
   Arizona, might want to be "GARDEN.GEN.AZ.US".  Such a club has
   membership from all over the state and is not associated with any one
   city (or locality).  Another example is "domain parks" that have been
   established up-to-now as entities in ORG.  For example, there is
   "LONESTAR.ORG", which is a kind of computer club in Texas that has
   lots of dial-in computers registered.  In the US Domain such an
   entity might have a name like "LONESTAR.GEN.TX.US".

   The organizations registered in GEN may typically be non-profit
   entities.  These organizations don't fit in a <locality> and are not
   a school, library, or state agency.  Ordinary businesses are not
   registered in GEN.

   Some suggest that these kinds of organizations are just like all the
   other things and ought to be registered under some <locality>.  This
   may be true, but sometimes one just can't find any way to convince
   the applicant that it is the right thing to do.  One can argue that
   any organization has to have a headquarters, or an office, or
   something about it that is in a fixed place, and thus the
   organization could be registered in that place.

   Some suggest that no token is needed, these entities could be
   directly under the <state-code>.  The problem with not having a
   token, is that you can't delegate the responsibility for registering
   these entities to someone separate from whoever is responsible for
   the <state-code>.  You want to be able to delegate for both name-
   uniqueness reasons, and operational management reasons.  Having a
   token there makes both easy.



Cooper & Postel                                                [Page 16]

RFC 1480                     The US Domain                     June 1993


      General Independent Entities:
      -----------------------------

      CAL-Comp-Club.GEN.CA.US   <====  The Computer Club of California

      2.8  Examples of Names

      For small entities like individuals or small businesses, there is
      usually no problem with selecting locality based names.

            For example:  Zuckys.Santa-Monica.CA.US

      For large entities like large corporations with multiple
      facilities in several cities or states this often seems like an
      unreasonable constraint (especially when compared with the
      alternative of registering directly in the COM domain).  However,
      a company does have a headquarters office in a particular locality
      and so could register with that name. Example: IBM.Armonk.NY.US

      PRIVATE (business or individual)
      ================================

      Camp-Curry.Yosemite.CA.US       <====  a business
      IBM.Armonk.NY.US                <====  a business
      Dogwood.atl.GA.US               <====  a business
      Geo-Petrellis.Culver-City.CA.US <====  a restaurant
      Zuckys.Santa-Monica.CA.US       <====  a restaurant
      Joe-Josts.Long-Beach.CA.US      <====  a bar
      Holodek.Santa-Cruz.CA.US        <====  a personal computer

      FEDERAL
      =======

      Senate.FED.US           <====  US Senate
      DOD.FED.US              <====  US Defense Dept.
      DOT.FED.US              <====  US Transportation Dept.
      USPS.FED.US             <====  US Postal Service
      VA.FED.US               <====  US Veterans Administration
      IRS.FED.US              <====  US Internal Revenue Service
      Yosemite.NPS.Interior.FED.US    <====  a federal agency
      MNPL.FRB.FED.US.     <====  US Fed. Reserve Bank of Minneapolis