rfc2271.txt

<VC++网络游戏建摸与实现>源代码

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RFC 2271                  SNMPv3 Architecture               January 1998


   +-----------------------------------------------------------------+
   |  SNMP entity (identified by snmpEngineID, example: abcd)        |
   |                                                                 |
   |  +------------------------------------------------------------+ |
   |  | SNMP engine (identified by snmpEngineID)                   | |
   |  |                                                            | |
   |  | +-------------+ +------------+ +-----------+ +-----------+ | |
   |  | |             | |            | |           | |           | | |
   |  | | Dispatcher  | | Message    | | Security  | | Access    | | |
   |  | |             | | Processing | | Subsystem | | Control   | | |
   |  | |             | | Subsystem  | |           | | Subsystem | | |
   |  | |             | |            | |           | |           | | |
   |  | +-------------+ +------------+ +-----------+ +-----------+ | |
   |  |                                                            | |
   |  +------------------------------------------------------------+ |
   |                                                                 |
   |  +------------------------------------------------------------+ |
   |  |  Command Responder Application                             | |
   |  |  (contextEngineID, example: abcd)                          | |
   |  |                                                            | |
   |  |  example contextNames:                                     | |
   |  |                                                            | |
   |  |  "bridge1"          "bridge2"            "" (default)      | |
   |  |  ---------          ---------            ------------      | |
   |  |      |                  |                   |              | |
   |  +------|------------------|-------------------|--------------+ |
   |         |                  |                   |                |
   |  +------|------------------|-------------------|--------------+ |
   |  |  MIB | instrumentation  |                   |              | |
   |  |  +---v------------+ +---v------------+ +----v-----------+  | |
   |  |  | context        | | context        | | context        |  | |
   |  |  |                | |                | |                |  | |
   |  |  | +------------+ | | +------------+ | | +------------+ |  | |
   |  |  | | bridge MIB | | | | bridge MIB | | | | other MIB  | |  | |
   |  |  | +------------+ | | +------------+ | | +------------+ |  | |
   |  |  |                | |                | |                |  | |
   |  |  |                | |                | | +------------+ |  | |
   |  |  |                | |                | | | some  MIB  | |  | |
   |  |  |                | |                | | +------------+ |  | |
   |  |  |                | |                | |                |  | |
   +-----------------------------------------------------------------+

3.3.1.  An SNMP Context

   An SNMP context, or just "context" for short,  is a collection of
   management information accessible by an SNMP entity. An item of
   management information may exist in more than one context. An SNMP
   entity potentially has access to many contexts.



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RFC 2271                  SNMPv3 Architecture               January 1998


   Typically, there are many instances of each managed object type
   within a management domain. For simplicity, the method for
   identifying instances specified by the MIB module does not allow each
   instance to be distinguished amongst the set of all instances within
   a management domain; rather, it allows each instance to be identified
   only within some scope or "context", where there are multiple such
   contexts within the management domain.  Often, a context is a
   physical device, or perhaps, a logical device, although a context can
   also encompass multiple devices, or a subset of a single device, or
   even a subset of multiple devices, but a context is always defined as
   a subset of a single SNMP entity.  Thus, in order to identify an
   individual item of management information within the management
   domain, its contextName and contextEngineID must be identified in
   addition to its object type and its instance.

   For example, the managed object type ifDescr [RFC1573], is defined as
   the description of a network interface.  To identify the description
   of device-X's first network interface, four pieces of information are
   needed: the snmpEngineID of the SNMP entity which provides access to
   the management information at device-X, the contextName (device-X),
   the managed object type (ifDescr), and the instance ("1").

   Each context has (at least) one unique identification within the
   management domain. The same item of management information can exist
   in multiple contexts.  An item of management information may have
   multiple unique identifications.  This occurs when an item of
   management information exists in multiple contexts, and this also
   occurs when a context has multiple unique identifications.

   The combination of a contextEngineID and a contextName unambiguously
   identifies a context within an administrative domain; note that there
   may be multiple unique combinations of contextEngineID and
   contextName that unambiguously identify the same context.

3.3.2.  contextEngineID

   Within an administrative domain, a contextEngineID uniquely
   identifies an SNMP entity that may realize an instance of a context
   with a particular contextName.

3.3.3.  contextName

   A contextName is used to name a context. Each contextName MUST be
   unique within an SNMP entity.







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RFC 2271                  SNMPv3 Architecture               January 1998


3.3.4.  scopedPDU

   A scopedPDU is a block of data containing a contextEngineID, a
   contextName, and a PDU.

   The PDU is an SNMP Protocol Data Unit containing information named in
   the context which is unambiguously identified within an
   administrative domain by the combination of the contextEngineID and
   the contextName. See, for example, RFC1905 for more information about
   SNMP PDUs.

3.4.  Other Constructs

3.4.1.  maxSizeResponseScopedPDU

   The maxSizeResponseScopedPDU is the maximum size of a scopedPDU to be
   included in a response message.  Note that the size of a scopedPDU
   does not include the size of the SNMP message header.

3.4.2.  Local Configuration Datastore

   The subsystems, models, and applications within an SNMP entity may
   need to retain their own sets of configuration information.

   Portions of the configuration information may be accessible as
   managed objects.

   The collection of these sets of information is referred to as an
   entity's Local Configuration Datastore (LCD).

3.4.3.  securityLevel

   This architecture recognizes three levels of security:

      -  without authentication and without privacy (noAuthNoPriv)

      -  with authentication but without privacy (authNoPriv)

      -  with authentication and with privacy (authPriv)

   These three values are ordered such that noAuthNoPriv is less than
   authNoPriv and authNoPriv is less than authPriv.

   Every message has an associated securityLevel. All Subsystems
   (Message Processing, Security, Access Control) and applications are
   required to either supply a value of securityLevel or to abide by the
   supplied value of securityLevel while processing the message and its
   contents.



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4.  Abstract Service Interfaces

   Abstract service interfaces have been defined to describe the
   conceptual interfaces between the various subsystems within an SNMP
   entity.

   These abstract service interfaces are defined by a set of primitives
   that define the services provided and the abstract data elements that
   are to be passed when the services are invoked.  This section lists
   the primitives that have been defined for the various subsystems.

4.1.  Dispatcher Primitives

   The Dispatcher typically provides services to the SNMP applications
   via its PDU Dispatcher.  This section describes the primitives
   provided by the PDU Dispatcher.

4.1.1.  Generate Outgoing Request or Notification

   The PDU Dispatcher provides the following primitive for an
   application to send an SNMP Request or Notification to another SNMP
   entity:

   statusInformation =              -- sendPduHandle if success
                                    -- errorIndication if failure
     sendPdu(
     IN   transportDomain           -- transport domain to be used
     IN   transportAddress          -- transport address to be used
     IN   messageProcessingModel    -- typically, SNMP version
     IN   securityModel             -- Security Model to use
     IN   securityName              -- on behalf of this principal
     IN   securityLevel             -- Level of Security requested
     IN   contextEngineID           -- data from/at this entity
     IN   contextName               -- data from/in this context
     IN   pduVersion                -- the version of the PDU
     IN   PDU                       -- SNMP Protocol Data Unit
     IN   expectResponse            -- TRUE or FALSE
          )

4.1.2.  Process Incoming Request or Notification PDU

   The PDU Dispatcher provides the following primitive to pass an
   incoming SNMP PDU to an application:

   processPdu(                      -- process Request/Notification PDU
     IN   messageProcessingModel    -- typically, SNMP version
     IN   securityModel             -- Security Model in use
     IN   securityName              -- on behalf of this principal



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RFC 2271                  SNMPv3 Architecture               January 1998


     IN   securityLevel             -- Level of Security
     IN   contextEngineID           -- data from/at this SNMP entity
     IN   contextName               -- data from/in this context
     IN   pduVersion                -- the version of the PDU
     IN   PDU                       -- SNMP Protocol Data Unit
     IN   maxSizeResponseScopedPDU  -- maximum size of the Response PDU
     IN   stateReference            -- reference to state information
          )                         -- needed when sending a response

4.1.3.  Generate Outgoing Response

   The PDU Dispatcher provides the following primitive for an
   application to return an SNMP Response PDU to the PDU Dispatcher:

   returnResponsePdu(
     IN   messageProcessingModel    -- typically, SNMP version
     IN   securityModel             -- Security Model in use
     IN   securityName              -- on behalf of this principal
     IN   securityLevel             -- same as on incoming request
     IN   contextEngineID           -- data from/at this SNMP entity
     IN   contextName               -- data from/in this context
     IN   pduVersion                -- the version of the PDU
     IN   PDU                       -- SNMP Protocol Data Unit
     IN   maxSizeResponseScopedPDU  -- maximum size of the Response PDU
     IN   stateReference            -- reference to state information
                                    -- as presented with the request
     IN   statusInformation         -- success or errorIndication
          )                         -- error counter OID/value if error

4.1.4.  Process Incoming Response PDU

   The PDU Dispatcher provides the following primitive to pass an
   incoming SNMP Response PDU to an application:

   processResponsePdu(              -- process Response PDU
     IN   messageProcessingModel    -- typically, SNMP version
     IN   securityModel             -- Security Model in use
     IN   securityName              -- on behalf of this principal
     IN   securityLevel             -- Level of Security
     IN   contextEngineID           -- data from/at this SNMP entity
     IN   contextName               -- data from/in this context
     IN   pduVersion                -- the version of the PDU
     IN   PDU                       -- SNMP Protocol Data Unit
     IN   statusInformation         -- success or errorIndication
     IN   sendPduHandle             -- handle from sendPdu
          )





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RFC 2271                  SNMPv3 Architecture               January 1998


4.1.5.  Registering Responsibility for Handling SNMP PDUs

   Applications can register/unregister responsibility for a specific
   contextEngineID, for specific pduTypes, with the PDU Dispatcher
   according to the following primitives.  The list of particular
   pduTypes that an application can register for is determined by the
   Message Processing Model(s) supported by the SNMP entity that
   contains the PDU Dispatcher.

   statusInformation =            -- success or errorIndication
     registerContextEngineID(
     IN   contextEngineID         -- take responsibility for this