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<TITLE>C++ & MFC - Iterating through List Containers</TITLE>
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<FONT COLOR="#AOAO99">Iterating through List Containers</FONT></H3></CENTER>
<CENTER><H3><HR></H3></CENTER>
<P>This article was contributed by <A HREF="mailto:codor@eunet.yu">Zoran M.Todorovic</A>.
<P>When using containers in a program, I declare a class which represents
an item in a container:
<P><TT><FONT COLOR="#CC0000">// Can also be a struct</FONT></TT>
<BR><TT><FONT COLOR="#CC0000">class CMyClass : public CObject {</FONT></TT>
<BR><TT><FONT COLOR="#CC0000"> // Program specific</FONT></TT>
<BR><TT><FONT COLOR="#CC0000"> ...</FONT></TT>
<BR><TT><FONT COLOR="#CC0000">};</FONT></TT>
<P><TT><FONT COLOR="#CC0000">typedef CTypedPtrList<CPtrList,CMyClass*>
TMyList;</FONT></TT>
<P>Separate class (container) has the actual container object:
<P><TT><FONT COLOR="#CC0000">class CMyClassList : public CObject {</FONT></TT>
<BR><TT><FONT COLOR="#CC0000"> private:</FONT></TT>
<BR><TT><FONT COLOR="#CC0000">
TMyList List;</FONT></TT>
<BR><TT><FONT COLOR="#CC0000">
// Maybe some other data members too</FONT></TT>
<BR><TT><FONT COLOR="#CC0000"> public:</FONT></TT>
<BR><TT><FONT COLOR="#CC0000">
// Usual stuff (construction, destruction etc.)</FONT></TT>
<BR><TT><FONT COLOR="#CC0000">
void Flush(void);</FONT></TT>
<BR><TT><FONT COLOR="#CC0000">
BOOL Add(CMyClass *ptr);</FONT></TT>
<BR><TT><FONT COLOR="#CC0000">
CMyClass *Find(...);</FONT></TT>
<BR><TT><FONT COLOR="#CC0000">
BOOL Del(...);</FONT></TT>
<BR><TT><FONT COLOR="#CC0000">};</FONT></TT>
<P>If the container is associated with a user interface object (tree control,
list control etc.), one must iterate through the container and perform
an action for each item (or for those that satisfy some criteria). Easy
way to do it is to move a List variable to a public part of the class declaration
and then access it directly. This is bad since it violates a data encapsulation
principle (in all but trivial examples, class declaration has a lot more
member variables and methods and performs some useful job too).
<P>One approach is to use a public member function and a supplied callback
function which is executed for each item. This is messy since supplied
callback function is usually a member function of another class so for
each different callback function, class CMyClassList must have an overloaded
member function. If a callback function is a static non-member function,
one must use a DWORD function argument to pass a "this" pointer to a static
callback function, then from within a callback function cast a DWORD to
pointer to a class object and then invoke a method which actually performs
some action with a container item.
<P>Much easier and more elegant approach is to use special iterator class.
New class declaration is slightly modified:
<P><TT><FONT COLOR="#CC0000">class CMyClassListIterator;</FONT></TT>
<P><TT><FONT COLOR="#CC0000">class CMyClassList : public CObject {</FONT></TT>
<BR><TT><FONT COLOR="#CC0000"> private:</FONT></TT>
<BR><TT><FONT COLOR="#CC0000">
TMyClassList List;</FONT></TT>
<BR><TT><FONT COLOR="#CC0000">
// Maybe something else</FONT></TT>
<BR><TT><FONT COLOR="#CC0000"> public:</FONT></TT>
<BR><TT><FONT COLOR="#CC0000">
// Usual stuff (construction, destruction etc.)</FONT></TT>
<BR><TT><FONT COLOR="#CC0000">
void Flush(void);</FONT></TT>
<BR><TT><FONT COLOR="#CC0000">
BOOL Add(CMyClass *ptr);</FONT></TT>
<BR><TT><FONT COLOR="#CC0000">
CMyClass *Find(...);</FONT></TT>
<BR><TT><FONT COLOR="#CC0000">
BOOL Del(...);</FONT></TT>
<BR><TT><FONT COLOR="#CC0000"> friend CMyClassListIterator;
// New stuff</FONT></TT>
<BR><TT><FONT COLOR="#CC0000">};</FONT></TT>
<P>New iterator class is declared as follows:
<P><TT><FONT COLOR="#CC0000">class CMyClassListIterator : public CObject
{</FONT></TT>
<BR><TT><FONT COLOR="#CC0000"> private:</FONT></TT>
<BR><TT><FONT COLOR="#CC0000"> CMyClassList& Owner;</FONT></TT>
<BR><TT><FONT COLOR="#CC0000"> POSITION Pos;</FONT></TT>
<BR><TT><FONT COLOR="#CC0000"> public:</FONT></TT>
<BR><TT><FONT COLOR="#CC0000"> CMyClassListIterator(TProcess&
obj)</FONT></TT>
<BR><TT><FONT COLOR="#CC0000">
:CObject(),Owner(obj) { Reset(); }</FONT></TT>
<BR><TT><FONT COLOR="#CC0000"> void Reset(void)
{ Pos = Owner.List.GetHeadPosition(); }</FONT></TT>
<BR><TT><FONT COLOR="#CC0000"> void Next(void)
{ Owner.List.GetNext(Pos); }</FONT></TT>
<BR><TT><FONT COLOR="#CC0000"> CMyClass *Current(void)
{ return (CMyClass*)Owner.List.GetAt(Pos); }</FONT></TT>
<BR><TT><FONT COLOR="#CC0000"> BOOL IsDone(void)
{ return (Pos == NULL) ? TRUE : FALSE; }</FONT></TT>
<BR><TT><FONT COLOR="#CC0000">};</FONT></TT>
<P>Now, all you need to do to iterate thru the list is to implement the
following peace of code:
<P><TT><FONT COLOR="#CC0000">CMyClassList MyList;</FONT></TT>
<BR><TT><FONT COLOR="#CC0000">........</FONT></TT>
<BR><TT><FONT COLOR="#CC0000">CMyClassListIterator iterator(MyList);</FONT></TT>
<BR><TT><FONT COLOR="#CC0000">while (!iterator.IsDone()) {</FONT></TT>
<BR><TT><FONT COLOR="#CC0000"> CMyClass *ptr = iterator.Current();</FONT></TT>
<BR><TT><FONT COLOR="#CC0000"> // Use ptr but do not
delete it.</FONT></TT>
<BR><TT><FONT COLOR="#CC0000"> // You can modify its
contents however.</FONT></TT>
<BR><TT><FONT COLOR="#CC0000"> iterator.Next();</FONT></TT>
<BR><TT><FONT COLOR="#CC0000">};</FONT></TT>
<P>You can also easily implement a nested iteration. Good side effect of
this implementation is that your code for list iteration is focused on
the job that must be done since all the code is implemented in one function
(no callbacks). Also, data encapsulation is preserved since List object
is not directly visible.
<P>
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