bonnie.c

磁盘的基准测试程序

/*
 * This is a file system benchmark which attempts to study bottlenecks -
 * it is named 'Bonnie' after Bonnie Raitt, who knows how to use one.
 *
 * Commentary on Bonnie's operations may be found at 
 * http://www.textuality.com/bonnie/intro.html
 *
 * COPYRIGHT NOTICE: 
 * Copyright (c) Tim Bray, 1990-1996.
 *
 * Everybody is hereby granted rights to use, copy, and modify this program, 
 *  provided only that this copyright notice and the disclaimer below
 *  are preserved without change.
 * DISCLAIMER:
 * This program is provided AS IS with no warranty of any kind, and
 * The author makes no representation with respect to the adequacy of this
 *  program for any particular purpose or with respect to its adequacy to 
 *  produce any particular result, and
 * The author shall not be liable for loss or damage arising out of
 *  the use of this program regardless of how sustained, and
 * In no event shall the author be liable for special, direct, indirect
 *  or consequential damage, loss, costs or fees or expenses of any
 *  nature or kind.
 */

#include <unistd.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <errno.h>
#include <fcntl.h>
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <sys/time.h>
#if defined(SysV)
#include <limits.h>
#include <sys/times.h>
#else
#include <sys/resource.h>
#endif

#define IntSize (sizeof(int))

/*
 * N.B. in seeker_reports, CPU appears and Start/End time, but not Elapsed,
 *  so position 1 is re-used; icky data coupling.
 */
#define CPU (0)
#define Elapsed (1)
#define StartTime (1)
#define EndTime (2)
#define Seeks (4000)
#define UpdateSeek (10)
#define SeekProcCount (3)
#define Chunk (16384)

/* labels for the tests, used as an array index */
typedef enum
{
  Putc, ReWrite, FastWrite, Getc, FastRead, Lseek, TestCount
} tests_t;

static double cpu_so_far();
static void   doseek(off_t where, int fd, int update);
static void   get_delta_t(tests_t test);
static void   io_error(char * message);
static void   newfile(char * name, int * fd, FILE * * stream, int create);

#if defined(SysV)
/* System V wrappers for randomizers */
static long   random();
static void   srandom(int seed);
#endif

static void   report(char * machine, off_t size);
static void   write_html(char * machine, off_t size);
static double time_so_far();
static void   timestamp();
static void   usage();

/* 
 * Housekeeping variables to build up timestamps for the tests;
 *  global to make it easy to keep track of the progress of time.
 * all of this could have been done with non-global variables,
 *  but the code is easier to read this way and I don't anticipate
 *  much software engineering down the road 
 */
static int    basetime;                  /* when we started */
static double delta[(int) TestCount][2]; /* array of DeltaT values */
static double last_cpustamp = 0.0;       /* for computing delta-t */
static double last_timestamp = 0.0;      /* for computing delta-t */

main(
  int    argc,
  char * argv[])
{
  int    buf[Chunk / IntSize];
  int    bufindex;
  int    chars[256];
  int    child;
  char * dir;
  int    html = 0;
  int    fd;
  double first_start;
  double last_stop;
  int    lseek_count = 0;
  char * machine;
  char   name[Chunk];
  int    next;
  int    seek_control[2];
  int    seek_feedback[2];
  char   seek_tickets[Seeks + SeekProcCount];
  double seeker_report[3];
  off_t  size;
  FILE * stream;
  off_t  words;

  fd = -1;
  basetime = (int) time((time_t *) NULL);
  size = 100;
  dir = ".";
  machine = "";

  /* pick apart args */
  for (next = 1; next < argc; next++)
    if (strcmp(argv[next], "-d") == 0)
      dir = argv[++next];
    else if (strcmp(argv[next], "-s") == 0)
      size = atol(argv[++next]);
    else if (strcmp(argv[next], "-m") == 0)
      machine = argv[++next];
    else if (strcmp(argv[next], "-html") == 0)
      html = 1;
    else
      usage();

  if (size < 1)
    usage();

  /* sanity check - 32-bit machines can't handle more than 2047 Mb */
  if (sizeof(off_t) <= 4 && size > 2047)
  {
    fprintf(stderr, "File too large for 32-bit machine, sorry\n");
    exit(1);
  }

  sprintf(name, "%s/Bonnie.%d", dir, getpid());

  /* size is in meg, rounded down to multiple of Chunk */
  size *= (1024 * 1024);
  size = Chunk * (size / Chunk);
  fprintf(stderr, "File '%s', size: %ld\n", name, size);

  /* Fill up a file, writing it a char at a time with the stdio putc() call */
  fprintf(stderr, "Writing with putc()...");
  newfile(name, &fd, &stream, 1);
  timestamp();
  for (words = 0; words < size; words++)
    if (putc(words & 0x7f, stream) == EOF)
      io_error("putc");
  
  /*
   * note that we always close the file before measuring time, in an
   *  effort to force as much of the I/O out as we can
   */
  if (fclose(stream) == -1)
    io_error("fclose after putc");
  get_delta_t(Putc);
  fprintf(stderr, "done\n");

  /* Now read & rewrite it using block I/O.  Dirty one word in each block */
  newfile(name, &fd, &stream, 0);
  if (lseek(fd, (off_t) 0, 0) == (off_t) -1)
    io_error("lseek(2) before rewrite");
  fprintf(stderr, "Rewriting...");
  timestamp();
  bufindex = 0;
  if ((words = read(fd, (char *) buf, Chunk)) == -1)
    io_error("rewrite read");
  while (words == Chunk)
  { /* while we can read a block */
    if (bufindex == Chunk / IntSize)
      bufindex = 0;
    buf[bufindex++]++;
    if (lseek(fd, (off_t) -words, 1) == -1)
      io_error("relative lseek(2)");
    if (write(fd, (char *) buf, words) == -1)
      io_error("re write(2)");
    if ((words = read(fd, (char *) buf, Chunk)) == -1)
      io_error("rwrite read");
  } /* while we can read a block */
  if (close(fd) == -1)
    io_error("close after rewrite");
  get_delta_t(ReWrite);
  fprintf(stderr, "done\n");

  /* Write the whole file from scratch, again, with block I/O */
  newfile(name, &fd, &stream, 1);
  fprintf(stderr, "Writing intelligently...");
  for (words = 0; words < Chunk / IntSize; words++)
    buf[words] = 0;
  timestamp();
  for (words = bufindex = 0; words < (size / Chunk); words++)
  { /* for each word */
    if (bufindex == (Chunk / IntSize))
      bufindex = 0;
    buf[bufindex++]++;
    if (write(fd, (char *) buf, Chunk) == -1)
      io_error("write(2)");
  } /* for each word */
  if (close(fd) == -1)
    io_error("close after fast write");
  get_delta_t(FastWrite);
  fprintf(stderr, "done\n");

  /* read them all back with getc() */
  newfile(name, &fd, &stream, 0);
  for (words = 0; words < 256; words++)
    chars[words] = 0;
  fprintf(stderr, "Reading with getc()...");
  timestamp();
  for (words = 0; words < size; words++)
  { /* for each byte */
    if ((next = getc(stream)) == EOF)
      io_error("getc(3)");

    /* just to fool optimizers */
    chars[next]++;
  } /* for each byte */
  if (fclose(stream) == -1)
    io_error("fclose after getc");
  get_delta_t(Getc);
  fprintf(stderr, "done\n");

  /* use the frequency count */
  for (words = 0; words < 256; words++)
    sprintf((char *) buf, "%d", chars[words]);

  /* Now suck it in, Chunk at a time, as fast as we can */
  newfile(name, &fd, &stream, 0);
  if (lseek(fd, (off_t) 0, 0) == -1)
    io_error("lseek before read");
  fprintf(stderr, "Reading intelligently...");
  timestamp();
  do
  { /* per block */
    if ((words = read(fd, (char *) buf, Chunk)) == -1)
      io_error("read(2)");
    chars[buf[abs(buf[0]) % (Chunk / IntSize)] & 0x7f]++;
  } /* per block */
  while (words);
  if (close(fd) == -1)
    io_error("close after read");
  get_delta_t(FastRead);
  fprintf(stderr, "done\n");

  /* use the frequency count */
  for (words = 0; words < 256; words++)
    sprintf((char *) buf, "%d", chars[words]);

  /*
   * Now test random seeks; first, set up for communicating with children.
   * The object of the game is to do "Seeks" lseek() calls as quickly
   *  as possible.  So we'll farm them out among SeekProcCount processes.
   *  We'll control them by writing 1-byte tickets down a pipe which
   *  the children all read.  We write "Seeks" bytes with val 1, whichever
   *  child happens to get them does it and the right number of seeks get
   *  done.
   * The idea is that since the write() of the tickets is probably
   *  atomic, the parent process likely won't get scheduled while the
   *  children are seeking away.  If you draw a picture of the likely
   *  timelines for three children, it seems likely that the seeks will
   *  overlap very nicely with the process scheduling with the effect
   *  that there will *always* be a seek() outstanding on the file.
   * Question: should the file be opened *before* the fork, so that
   *  all the children are lseeking on the same underlying file object?
   */
  if (pipe(seek_feedback) == -1 || pipe(seek_control) == -1)
    io_error("pipe");
  for (next = 0; next < Seeks; next++)
    seek_tickets[next] = 1;
  for ( ; next < (Seeks + SeekProcCount); next++)
    seek_tickets[next] = 0;

  /* launch some parallel seek processes */
  for (next = 0; next < SeekProcCount; next++)
  { /* for each seek proc */
    if ((child = fork()) == -1)
      io_error("fork");
    else if (child == 0)
    { /* child process */

      /* set up and wait for the go-ahead */
      close(seek_feedback[0]);
      close(seek_control[1]);
      newfile(name, &fd, &stream, 0);
      srandom(getpid());
      fprintf(stderr, "Seeker %d...", next + 1);

      /* wait for the go-ahead */