zip.doc

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     -o   Set the "last modified" time of the zip archive to  the
          latest  (oldest)  "last  modified" time found among the
          entries in the zip archive.  This can be  used  without
          any other operations, if desired.  For example:

          zip -o foo

          will change the last modified time of  foo.zip  to  the
          latest time of the entries in foo.zip.

     -q   Quiet mode; eliminate informational messages  and  com-
          ment  prompts.   (Useful, for example, in shell scripts
          and background tasks).

     -r   Travel the directory structure recursively;  for  exam-
          ple:

               zip -r foo foo

          In this case, all the files and directories in foo  are
          saved  in  a zip archive named foo.zip, including files
          with names starting with ".", since the recursion  does
          not  use  the shell's file-name substitution mechanism.
          If you wish to include only a specific  subset  of  the
          files  in directory foo and its subdirectories, use the
          -i option to the specify the pattern  of  files  to  be
          included.   You  should  not use -r with the name ".*",
          since that matches ".." which will attempt  to  zip  up
          the parent directory (probably not what was intended).

     -S   Include system and hidden files. This option is  effec-
          tive on some systems only; it is ignored on Unix.

     -t mmddyy
          Do not operate on files modified prior to the specified
          date,  where  mm  is the month (0-12), dd is the day of
          the month (1-31), and yy are the last two digits of the
          year.  For example:

               zip -rt 120791 infamy foo

          will add all the files in foo  and  its  subdirectories
          that were last modified on or after 7 December 1991, to
          the zip archive infamy.zip.

     -T   Test the integrity of the new zip file.  If  the  check
          fails,  the  old zip file is unchanged and (with the -m
          option) not input files are removed.

     -u   Replace (update) an existing entry in the  zip  archive
          only  if  it  has  been modified more recently than the
          version already in the zip archive.  For example:

               zip -u stuff *

          will add any new files in the  current  directory,  and
          update any files which have been modified since the zip
          archive stuff.zip was last created/modified (note  that
          zip will not try to pack stuff.zip into itself when you
          do this).

          Note that the -u option with no arguments acts like the
          -f (freshen) option.

     -v   Verbose  mode.  Display  a  progress  indicator  during
          compression.

     -V   Save VMS file attributes. This option is  available  on
          VMS  only;  zip  archives created with this option will
          generally not be usable on other systems.

     -w   Append the version number of the  files  to  the  name,
          including  multiple  versions  of  files.   (VMS  only;
          default: use only the most recent version of  a  speci-
          fied file).

     -x files
          Explicitly exclude the specified files, as in:

               zip -r foo foo -x \*.o

          which will include the contents of foo in foo.zip while
          excluding  all the files that end in .o.  The backslash
          avoids the shell filename  substitution,  so  that  the
          name matching is performed by zip at all directory lev-
          els.

     -y   Store symbolic  links  as  such  in  the  zip  archive,
          instead of compressing and storing the file referred to
          by the link (UNIX only).

     -z   Prompt for a multi-line  comment  for  the  entire  zip
          archive.   The  comment  is  ended by a line containing
          just a period, or an end of file condition (^D on UNIX,
          ^Z  on  MSDOS,  OS/2, and VAX/VMS).  The comment can be
          taken from a file:

               zip -z foo < foowhat

     -#   Regulate the speed of compression using  the  specified
          digit  #,  where -0 indicates no compression (store all
          files), -1 indicates  the  fastest  compression  method
          (less   compression)   and  -9  indicates  the  slowest
          compression method (optimal  compression,  ignores  the
          suffix list). The default compression level is -6.

     -@   Take the list of input files from standard input.

     -$   Include the volume label for the the drive holding  the
          first  file  to  be compressed.  If you want to include
          only the volume label or to force a specific drive, use
          the drive name as first file name, as in:

               zip -$ foo a: c:bar

          This option is effective on some  systems  only  (MSDOS
          and OS/2); it is ignored on Unix.

EXAMPLES
     The simplest example:

          zip stuff *

     creates the archive stuff.zip (assuming it does  not  exist)
     and  puts  all  the files in the current directory in it, in
     compressed form (the .zip  suffix  is  added  automatically,
     unless  that archive name given contains a dot already; this
     allows the explicit specification of other suffixes).

     Because of the way the  shell  does  filename  substitution,
     files  starting  with "." are not included; to include these
     as well:

          zip stuff .* *

     Even this will  not  include  any  subdirectories  from  the
     current directory.

     To zip up an entire directory, the command:

          zip -r foo foo

     creates the archive foo.zip, containing all  the  files  and
     directories  in  the  directory foo that is contained within
     the current directory.

     You may want to make a zip archive that contains  the  files
     in  foo, without recording the directory name, foo.  You can
     use the -j option to leave off the paths, as in:

          zip -j foo foo/*

     If you are short on disk space, you might  not  have  enough
     room to hold both the original directory and the correspond-
     ing compressed zip archive.  In this case,  you  can  create
     the  archive  in steps using the -m option.  If foo contains
     the subdirectories tom, dick, and harry, you can:

          zip -rm foo foo/tom
          zip -rm foo foo/dick
          zip -rm foo foo/harry

     where the first command creates foo.zip, and  the  next  two
     add  to it.  At the completion of each zip command, the last
     created archive is deleted, making room  for  the  next  zip
     command to function.

PATTERN MATCHING
     This section applies only to UNIX.   Watch  this  space  for
     details on MSDOS and VMS operation.

     The UNIX shells (sh(1) and csh(1)) do filename  substitution
     on command arguments.  The special characters are:

     ?    match any single character

     *    match any number of characters (including none)

     []   match any character in the range indicated  within  the
          brackets (example: [a-f], [0-9]).

     When these characters are encountered (without being escaped
     with  a  backslash or quotes), the shell will look for files
     relative to the current path that  match  the  pattern,  and
     replace the argument with a list of the names that matched.

     The zip program can do the same matching on names  that  are
     in  the zip archive being modified or, in the case of the -x
     (exclude) or -i (include) options, on the list of  files  to
     be  operated  on, by using backslashes or quotes to tell the
     shell not to do the name expansion.  In  general,  when  zip
     encounters a name in the list of files to do, it first looks
     for the name in the file system.  If it finds  it,  it  then
     adds it to the list of files to do.  If it does not find it,
     it looks for the name in the zip archive being modified  (if
     it  exists), using the pattern matching characters described
     above, if present.  For each match, it will add that name to
     the  list of files to be processed, unless this name matches
     one given with the -x option, or does  not  match  any  name
     given with the -i option.

     The pattern matching includes the path, and so patterns like
     \*.o  match  names that end in ".o", no matter what the path
     prefix is.  Note that the backslash must precede every  spe-
     cial  character  (i.e. ?*[]), or the entire argument must be
     enclosed in double quotes ("").

     In general, use backslash to make zip do the pattern  match-
     ing with the -f (freshen) and -d (delete) options, and some-
     times after the  -x  (exclude)  option  when  used  with  an
     appropriate operation (add, -u, -f, or -d).

SEE ALSO
     compress(1), shar(1L), tar(1), unzip(1L), gzip(1L)

BUGS
     zip 2.0 is not compatible with PKUNZIP 1.10. Use zip 1.1  to
     produce zip files which can be extracted by PKUNZIP 1.10.

     zip files produced by zip 2.0 must not be updated by zip 1.1
     or PKZIP 1.10, if they contain encrypted members, or if they
     have been produced in a pipe or on a  non  seekable  device.
     The  old  versions  of  zip or PKZIP would create an archive
     with an incorrect format.  The old  versions  can  list  the
     contents  of  the  zip  file  but  cannot  extract it anyway
     (because of the new compression algorithm).  If you  do  not
     use  encryption  and use regular disk files, you do not have
     to care about this problem.

     Under VMS, not all of the odd file formats are treated prop-
     erly.   Only stream-LF format zip files are expected to work
     with zip.  Others can be converted using Rahul Dhesi's  BILF
     program.  This version of zip handles some of the conversion
     internally.  When using Kermit to transfer  zip  files  from
     Vax  to  MSDOS, type "set file type block" on the Vax.  When
     transfering from MSDOS to Vax, type "set file type fixed" on
     the  Vax.   In  both  cases,  type "set file type binary" on
     MSDOS.

     Under VMS, zip hangs for file specification that uses DECnet
     syntax foo::*.*.

     On OS/2, zip cannot match some names, such as those  includ-
     ing  an  exclamation  mark or a hash sign.  This is a bug in
     OS/2 itself: the 32-bit DosFindFirst/Next  don't  find  such
     names.   Other programs such as GNU tar are also affected by
     this bug.

     Under OS/2, the amount of External Attributes  displayed  by
     DIR is (for compatibility) the amount returned by the 16-bit
     version of DosQueryPathInfo(). Otherwise OS/2  1.3  and  2.0
     would  report  different  EA sizes when DIRing a file.  How-
     ever,  the  structure  layout   returned   by   the   32-bit
     DosQueryPathInfo() is a bit different, it uses extra padding
     bytes and link pointers (it's a linked  list)  to  have  all
     fields  on  4-byte boundaries for portability to future RISC
     OS/2 versions. Therefore the value reported  by  zip  (which
     uses  this  32-bit-mode  size) differs from that reported by
     DIR.  zip stores the 32-bit format for portability, even the
     16-bit  MS-C-compiled  version  running on OS/2 1.3, so even
     this one shows the 32-bit-mode size.

AUTHORS
     Copyright (C) 1990-1993 Mark Adler, Richard B. Wales,  Jean-
     loup  Gailly,  Kai  Uwe  Rommel,  Igor Mandrichenko and John
     Bush.  Permission is granted to any individual  or  institu-
     tion  to use, copy, or redistribute this software so long as
     all of the original files are included, that it is not  sold
     for profit, and that this copyright notice is retained.

     LIKE ANYTHING ELSE THAT'S FREE, ZIP AND ITS ASSOCIATED UTIL-
     ITIES  ARE  PROVIDED  AS IS AND COME WITH NO WARRANTY OF ANY
     KIND, EITHER EXPRESSED OR IMPLIED.  IN  NO  EVENT  WILL  THE
     COPYRIGHT  HOLDERS  BE LIABLE FOR ANY DAMAGES RESULTING FROM
     THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE.

     Please  send  bug  reports  and  comments   by   email   to:
     [e-mail].  For bug reports, please include the
     version of zip, the make options used  to  compile  it,  the
     machine  and operating system in use, and as much additional
     information as possible.

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
     Thanks to R. P. Byrne  for  his  Shrink.Pas  program,  which
     inspired  this  project, and from which the shrink algorithm
     was stolen; to Phil Katz for placing in  the  public  domain
     the  zip  file format, compression format, and .ZIP filename
     extension, and for accepting minor changes to the file  for-
     mat; to Steve Burg for clarifications on the deflate format;
     to Haruhiko Okumura and Leonid Broukhis for  providing  some
     useful  ideas for the compression algorithm; to Keith Peter-
     sen, Rich Wales, Hunter Goatley and Mark Adler for providing
     a  mailing  list and ftp site for the INFO-ZIP group to use;
     and most importantly, to the INFO-ZIP group  itself  (listed
     in  the file infozip.who) without whose tireless testing and
     bug-fixing efforts a portable zip would not have been possi-
     ble.   Finally  we  should  thank (blame) the first INFO-ZIP
     moderator, David Kirschbaum, for getting us into  this  mess
     in  the first place.  The manual page was rewritten for UNIX
     by R. P. C. Rodgers.