zip.doc

《汇编源代码大全》

NAME
     zip, zipcloak, zipnote,  zipsplit  -  package  and  compress
     (archive) files

SYNOPSIS
     zip [-cdDeEfFghjklLmoqrSTuvVwyz@$]  [-b path]  [-n suffixes]
     [-t mmddyy] [ zipfile [ file1 file2 ...]] [-xi list]

     zipcloak [-dhL] [-b path] zipfile

     zipnote [-hwL] [-b path] zipfile

     zipsplit [-hitL] [-b path] zipfile

DESCRIPTION
     zip is a compression and file packaging  utility  for  Unix,
     VMS,  MSDOS,  OS/2,  Windows NT, Minix, Atari and Macintosh.
     It is analogous to a combination of the UNIX commands tar(1)
     and  compress(1)  and  is compatible with PKZIP (Phil Katz's
     ZIP for MSDOS systems).

     A companion program (unzip(1L)), unpacks zip archives.   The
     zip  and  unzip(1L) programs can work with archives produced
     by PKZIP, and PKZIP and PKUNZIP can work with archives  pro-
     duced by zip.  zip version 2.0 is compatible with PKZIP 2.04
     Note that PKUNZIP 1.10  cannot  extract  files  produced  by
     PKZIP  2.04  or zip 2.0. You must use PKUNZIP 2.04g or unzip
     5.0p1 (or later versions) to extract them.

     For a brief help on zip and unzip, run each without specify-
     ing any parameters on the command line.

     The program is useful for packaging a set of files for  dis-
     tribution; for archiving files; and for saving disk space by
     temporarily compressing unused files or directories.

     The zip program puts one or more  compressed  files  into  a
     single  zip  archive, along with information about the files
     (name, path, date, time of  last  modification,  protection,
     and  check information to verify file integrity).  An entire
     directory structure can be packed into a zip archive with  a
     single command.  Compression ratios of 2:1 to 3:1 are common
     for text files.  zip has one compression method  (deflation)
     and can also store files without compression.  zip automati-
     cally chooses the better of the two  for  each  file  to  be
     compressed.

     When given the name of an existing  zip  archive,  zip  will
     replace  identically named entries in the zip archive or add
     entries for new names.  For example, if foo.zip  exists  and
     contains foo/file1 and foo/file2, and the directory foo con-
     tains the files foo/file1 and foo/file3, then:

          zip -r foo foo

     will replace foo/file1  in  foo.zip  and  add  foo/file3  to
     foo.zip.  After this, foo.zip contains foo/file1, foo/file2,
     and foo/file3, with foo/file2 unchanged from before.

     If the file list is specified as -@, zip takes the  list  of
     input  files  from  standard input.  Under UNIX, this option
     can be used to  powerful  effect  in  conjunction  with  the
     find(1)  command.   For example, to archive all the C source
     files in the current directory and its subdirectories:

          find . -name "*.[ch]" -print | zip source -@

     (note that the pattern must be quoted to keep the shell from
     expanding  it).  zip will also accept a single dash ("-") as
     the zip file name, in which case it will write the zip  file
     to  standard  output,  allowing  the  output  to be piped to
     another program. For example:

          zip -r - . | dd of=/dev/nrst0 obs=16k

     would write the zip output  directly  to  a  tape  with  the
     specified  block  size  for  the  purpose  of backing up the
     current directory.

     zip also accepts a single dash ("-") as the name of  a  file
     to  be  compressed, in which case it will read the file from
     standard input, allowing zip to take input from another pro-
     gram. For example:

          tar cf - . | zip backup -

     would compress the output of the tar command for the purpose
     of backing up the current directory. This generally produces
     better compression than the previous example  using  the  -r
     option, because zip can take advantage of redundancy between
     files. The backup can be restored using the command

          unzip -p backup | tar xf -

     When no zip file name is given and stdout is not a terminal,
     zip acts as a filter, compressing standard input to standard
     output.  For example,

          tar cf - . | zip | dd of=/dev/nrst0 obs=16k

     is equivalent to

          tar cf - . | zip - - | dd of=/dev/nrst0 obs=16k

     zip archives created in this manner can  be  extracted  with
     the  program  funzip which is provided in the unzip package,
     or by gunzip which is provided  in  the  gzip  package.  For
     example:

     dd if=/dev/nrst0  ibs=16k | funzip | tar xvf -

     When changing an existing zip archive, zip will write a tem-
     porary  file with the new contents, and only replace the old
     one when the process of creating the new  version  has  been
     completed without error.

     If the name of the zip archive does not  contain  an  exten-
     sion,  the extension .zip is added. If the name already con-
     tains an extension other than .zip the existing extension is
     kept unchanged.

OPTIONS
     -b path
          Use the specified path for the temporary  zip  archive.
          For example:

               zip -b /tmp stuff *

          will put the temporary zip  archive  in  the  directory
          /tmp,  copying  over stuff.zip to the current directory
          when done. This option is only useful when updating  an
          existing  archive,  and the file system containing this
          old archive does not have enough space to hold both old
          and new archive at the same time.

     -c   Add one-line comments for each file.   File  operations
          (adding, updating) are done first, and the user is then
          prompted for a one-line comment for each  file.   Enter
          the  comment  followed by return, or just return for no
          comment.

     -d   Remove (delete) entries from a zip archive.  For  exam-
          ple:

               zip -d foo foo/tom/junk foo/harry/\* \*.o

          will remove the entry foo/tom/junk, all  of  the  files
          that  start  with foo/harry/, and all of the files that
          end with .o (in any path).  Note  that  shell  pathname
          expansion  has been inhibited with backslashes, so that
          zip can see the asterisks, enabling zip to match on the
          contents  of the zip archive instead of the contents of
          the current directory.

          Under MSDOS, -d is case sensitive when it matches names
          in  the  zip archive.  This requires that file names be
          entered in upper case if they were zipped by  PKZIP  on
          an MSDOS system.

     -D   Do not create entries in the  zip  archive  for  direc-
          tories.   Directory  entries  are created by default so
          that their attributes can be saved in the zip  archive.
          The  environment  variable ZIPOPT can be used to change
          the default options. For example under Unix with sh:

               ZIPOPT="-D"; export ZIPOPT

          (The variable ZIPOPT can be used for any option  except
          -i  and -x and can include several options.) The option
          -D is a shorthand for -x "*/" but the latter cannot  be
          set as default in the ZIPOPT environment variable.

     -e   Encrypt the contents of the zip archive using  a  pass-
          word  which is entered on the terminal in response to a
          prompt (this will not be echoed; if standard  error  is
          not a tty, zip will exit with an error).

     -ee  Encrypt contents, prompting  for  the  password  twice,
          checking  that  the  two  entries  are identical before
          using the password.

     -f   Replace (freshen) an existing entry in the zip  archive
          only  if  it  has  been modified more recently than the
          version already in the zip archive; unlike  the  update
          option  (-u)  this  will  not  add  files  that are not
          already in the zip archive.  For example:

               zip -f foo

          This command should be run from the same directory from
          which  the  original  zip  command was run, since paths
          stored in zip archives are always relative.

     -F   Fix the zip archive. This option can be  used  if  some
          portions   of  the  archive  are  missing.  It  is  not
          guaranteed to work, so you MUST make a  backup  of  the
          original archive first.

          When doubled as  in  -FF  the  compressed  sizes  given
          inside  the  damaged  archive  are  not trusted and zip
          scans for special signatures  to  identify  the  limits
          between  the  archive  members.  The  single -F is more
          reliable if the archive is not too  much  damaged,  for
          example  if  it  has  only  been truncated, so try this
          option first.

          Neither option will recover  archives  that  have  been
          incorrectly   transferred  in  ascii  mode  instead  of
          binary. After the repair, the -t option  of  unzip  may
          show  that some files have a bad CRC. Such files cannot
          be recovered; you can  remove  them  from  the  archive
          using the -d option of zip.

     -g   Grow (append to) the specified zip archive, instead  of
          creating  a  new  one.  If  this  operation  fails, zip
          attempts to restore the archive to its original  state.
          If the restoration fails, the archive might become cor-
          rupted.

     -h   Display the zip help information (this also appears  if
          zip is run with no arguments).

     -i files
          Include only the specified files, as in:

               zip -r foo . -i \*.c

          which will include only the files that end in .c in the
          current  directory  and  its  subdirectories. (Note for
          PKZIP users: the equivalent command is

               pkzip -r foo *.c

          PKZIP does not allow  recursion  in  directories  other
          than  the  current one.) The backslash avoids the shell
          filename substitution, so that  the  name  matching  is
          performed by zip at all directory levels.

     -j   Store just the name of a saved file  (junk  the  path),
          and  do not store directory names. By default, zip will
          store the full path (relative to the current path).

     -k   Attempt to convert the names and paths  to  conform  to
          MSDOS,  store  only  the MSDOS attribute (just the user
          write attribute from UNIX), and mark the entry as  made
          under MSDOS (even though it was not); for compatibility
          with PKUNZIP under MSDOS which  cannot  handle  certain
          names such as those with two dots.

     -l   Translate the Unix end-of-line character  LF  into  the
          MSDOS  convention CR LF. This option should not be used
          on binary files.  This option can be used  on  Unix  if
          the  zip  file  is intended for PKUNZIP under MSDOS. If
          the input files already contain CR LF, this option adds
          an extra CR. This ensure that unzip -a on Unix will get
          back an exact copy of the original file,  to  undo  the
          effect of zip -l.

     -ll  Translate the MSDOS end-of-line CR  LF  into  Unix  LF.
          This  option  should not be used on binary files.  This
          option can be used on MSDOS if the zip file is intended
          for unzip under Unix.

     -L   Display the zip license.

     -m   Move the specified files into the  zip  archive;  actu-
          ally,  this  deletes the target directories/files after
          making  the  specified  zip  archive.  If  a  directory
          becomes empty after removal of the files, the directory
          is also removed. No deletions are done  until  zip  has
          created  the archive without error.  This is useful for
          conserving disk space, but is potentially dangerous  so
          it  is  recommended to use it in combination with -T to
          test the archive before removing all input files.

     -n suffixes
          Do not attempt to compress files named with  the  given
          suffixes. Such files are simply stored (0% compression)
          in the output zip file, so that zip doesn't  waste  its
          time   trying  to  compress  them.   The  suffixes  are
          separated by either colons or semicolons.  For example:

               zip -rn .Z:.zip:.tiff:.gif:.snd  foo foo

          will copy everything from foo into  foo.zip,  but  will
          store  any  files that end in .Z, .zip, .tiff, .gif, or
          .snd without trying to compress them (image  and  sound
          files  often  have  their  own  specialized compression
          methods).  By default, zip does not compress files with
          extensions  in  the  list  .Z:.zip:.zoo:.arc:.lzh:.arj.
          Such files are stored directly in the  output  archive.
          The  environment  variable ZIPOPT can be used to change
          the default options. For example under Unix with csh:

               setenv ZIPOPT "-n .gif:.zip"

          To attempt compression on all files, use:

               zip -n : foo

          The  maximum  compression  option  -9   also   attempts
          compression on all files regardless of extension.