📄 第二章 进程管理.htm
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style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #306db0; FONT-FAMILY: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold">l</SPAN><SPAN
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</SPAN><B><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #306db0; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">多道程序设计概念及其优点</SPAN></B><B><SPAN
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<P class=MsoNormal
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style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt">1.</SPAN><SPAN
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</SPAN><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">多道程序设计：是在一台计算机上同时运行两个或更多<SPAN
class=GramE>个</SPAN>程序。</SPAN><SPAN
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style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal
style="MARGIN-LEFT: 42pt; TEXT-INDENT: -21pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; tab-stops: list 42.0pt"
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style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt">2.</SPAN><SPAN
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</SPAN><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">多道程序设计的特点：多个程序共享系统资源、多个程序并发执行</SPAN><SPAN
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<P class=MsoNormal
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style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt">3.</SPAN><SPAN
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</SPAN><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">多道程序设计的优点：提高资源利用率、增加系统吞吐量</SPAN><SPAN
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style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #306db0; FONT-FAMILY: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold">l</SPAN><SPAN
lang=EN-US
style="FONT-SIZE: 7pt; COLOR: #306db0; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold"> <SPAN
class=GramE> </SPAN>
</SPAN><B><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #306db0; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">什么<SPAN
class=GramE>是进程</SPAN>，进程与程序的区别和关系</SPAN></B><B><SPAN
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style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal
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style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt">1.</SPAN><SPAN
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</SPAN><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">进程的引入：</SPAN><SPAN
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</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US
style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal
style="TEXT-INDENT: 21.25pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-pagination: widow-orphan"
align=left><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">由于多道程序的特点，程序具有了并行、制约和动态的特征，就使得原来程序的概念已难以<SPAN
class=GramE>刻划</SPAN>和反映系统中的情况了。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US
style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal
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style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt">2.</SPAN><SPAN
lang=EN-US
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</SPAN><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">进程：程序在并发环境下的执行过程。</SPAN><SPAN
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</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US
style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal
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style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt">3.</SPAN><SPAN
lang=EN-US
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</SPAN><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">进程与程序的主要区别：</SPAN><SPAN
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</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US
style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal
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style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt">1)</SPAN><SPAN
lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 7pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"> <SPAN
class=GramE> </SPAN> </SPAN><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">程序是永存的，进程是暂时的</SPAN><SPAN
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</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US
style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal
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style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt">2)</SPAN><SPAN
lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 7pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"> <SPAN
class=GramE> </SPAN> </SPAN><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">程序是静态的观念，进程是动态的观念</SPAN><SPAN
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</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US
style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
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style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt">3)</SPAN><SPAN
lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 7pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"> <SPAN
class=GramE> </SPAN> </SPAN><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">进程由三部分组成</SPAN><SPAN
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style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">程序</SPAN><SPAN
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align=left><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">数据</SPAN><SPAN
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</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US
style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
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style="MARGIN-LEFT: 31.5pt; TEXT-INDENT: 31.5pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-pagination: widow-orphan"
align=left><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">进程控制块（描述进程活动情况的数据结构）</SPAN><SPAN
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