6第六章：一些类似printw()的输出函数.htm

curses界面编程

 lang=EN-US style='font-family:Tahoma'>6.3.4</span></b></st1:chsdate><b><span
lang=EN-US style='font-family:Tahoma'>.</span></b><b><span style='font-family:
宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family:
Tahoma'>一个简单的</span></b><b><span lang=EN-US style='font-family:Tahoma'>printw()</span></b><b><span
style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;
mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma'>函数的使用例子（</span></b><b><span lang=EN-US
style='font-family:Tahoma'>A Simple printw example</span></b><b><span
style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;
mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma'>）</span></b><b><span lang=EN-US style='font-family:
Tahoma'><o:p></o:p></span></b></p>

<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:10.5pt;mso-para-margin-left:1.0gd'><b><span
style='font-size:9.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:
Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma'>例</span></b><b><span
lang=EN-US style='font-size:9.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Tahoma'>3</span></b><b><span
style='font-size:9.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:
Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma'>：一个简单的</span></b><b><span
lang=EN-US style='font-size:9.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Tahoma'>printw()</span></b><b><span
style='font-size:9.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:
Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma'>函数的使用例子</span></b><b><span
lang=EN-US style='font-size:9.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Tahoma'><o:p></o:p></span></b></p>

<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:10.5pt;mso-para-margin-left:1.0gd'><span
class=inlinemediaobject><b><span lang=EN-US style='font-family:Tahoma'>#include
&lt;ncurses.h&gt;<span style='mso-tab-count:3'>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span></span></b></span><span
class=inlinemediaobject><span lang=EN-US style='font-family:Tahoma'>/*
ncurses.h </span></span><span class=inlinemediaobject><span style='font-family:
宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family:
Tahoma'>已经包含了</span></span><span class=inlinemediaobject><span lang=EN-US
style='font-family:Tahoma'>stdio.h */<b><o:p></o:p></b></span></span></p>

<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:10.5pt;mso-para-margin-left:1.0gd'><span
class=inlinemediaobject><b><span lang=EN-US style='font-family:Tahoma'>#include
&lt;string.h&gt; <o:p></o:p></span></b></span></p>

<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:10.5pt;mso-para-margin-left:1.0gd'><span
class=inlinemediaobject><b><span lang=EN-US style='font-family:Tahoma'><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></b></span></p>

<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:10.5pt;mso-para-margin-left:1.0gd'><span
class=inlinemediaobject><b><span lang=EN-US style='font-family:Tahoma'>int
main()<o:p></o:p></span></b></span></p>

<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:10.5pt;mso-para-margin-left:1.0gd'><span
class=inlinemediaobject><b><span lang=EN-US style='font-family:Tahoma'>{<o:p></o:p></span></b></span></p>

<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:10.5pt;mso-para-margin-left:1.0gd;
text-indent:10.5pt'><span class=inlinemediaobject><b><span lang=EN-US
style='font-family:Tahoma'>char mesg[]=&quot;</span></b></span><span
class=inlinemediaobject><span lang=EN-US style='font-family:Tahoma'>Just a
string<b>&quot;;<span style='mso-tab-count:2'>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span></b>/*
</span></span><span class=inlinemediaobject><span style='font-family:宋体;
mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family:
Tahoma'>将要被打印的字符串</span></span><span class=inlinemediaobject><span lang=EN-US
style='font-family:Tahoma'> */<o:p></o:p></span></span></p>

<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:10.5pt;mso-para-margin-left:1.0gd'><span
class=inlinemediaobject><b><span lang=EN-US style='font-family:Tahoma'><span
style='mso-tab-count:1'>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span>int row,col;<span
style='mso-tab-count:4'>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span><span
style='mso-tab-count:2'>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span></span></b></span><span
class=inlinemediaobject><span lang=EN-US style='font-family:Tahoma'>/* </span></span><span
class=inlinemediaobject><span style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;
mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma'>存储行号和列号的变量，用于指定光标位置</span></span><span
class=inlinemediaobject><span style='font-family:Tahoma'> <span lang=EN-US>*/<o:p></o:p></span></span></span></p>

<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:10.5pt;mso-para-margin-left:1.0gd'><span
class=inlinemediaobject><b><span lang=EN-US style='font-family:Tahoma'><span
style='mso-spacerun:yes'>&nbsp;</span><span style='mso-tab-count:1'>&nbsp; </span>initscr();<span
style='mso-tab-count:4'>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span><span
style='mso-tab-count:2'>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span></span></b></span><span
class=inlinemediaobject><span lang=EN-US style='font-family:Tahoma'>/* </span></span><span
class=inlinemediaobject><span style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;
mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma'>进入</span></span><span
class=inlinemediaobject><span lang=EN-US style='font-family:Tahoma'>curses</span></span><span
class=inlinemediaobject><span style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;
mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma'>模式</span></span><span
class=inlinemediaobject><span style='font-family:Tahoma'> <span lang=EN-US>*/<b><o:p></o:p></b></span></span></span></p>

<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:10.5pt;mso-para-margin-left:1.0gd'><span
class=inlinemediaobject><b><span lang=EN-US style='font-family:Tahoma'><span
style='mso-spacerun:yes'>&nbsp;</span><span style='mso-tab-count:1'>&nbsp; </span>getmaxyx(stdscr,row,col);<span
style='mso-tab-count:1'>&nbsp;&nbsp; </span><span style='mso-tab-count:1'>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span></span></b></span><span
class=inlinemediaobject><span lang=EN-US style='font-family:Tahoma'>/* </span></span><span
class=inlinemediaobject><span style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;
mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma'>取得</span></span><span
class=inlinemediaobject><span lang=EN-US style='font-family:Tahoma'>stdscr</span></span><span
class=inlinemediaobject><span style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;
mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma'>（标准输出设备）的行数和列数</span></span><span
class=inlinemediaobject><span style='font-family:Tahoma'> <span lang=EN-US>*/<o:p></o:p></span></span></span></p>

<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:10.5pt;mso-para-margin-left:1.0gd'><span
class=inlinemediaobject><b><span lang=EN-US style='font-family:Tahoma'><span
style='mso-spacerun:yes'>&nbsp;</span><span style='mso-tab-count:1'>&nbsp; </span>mvprintw(row/2,(col-strlen(mesg))/2,&quot;%s&quot;,mesg);
<br>
</span></b></span><span class=inlinemediaobject><span lang=EN-US
style='font-family:Tahoma'><span style='mso-spacerun:yes'>&nbsp;</span>/*</span></span><span
class=inlinemediaobject><span style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;
mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma'>在屏幕的正中打印字符串</span></span><span
class=inlinemediaobject><span lang=EN-US style='font-family:Tahoma'>mesg*/<b><o:p></o:p></b></span></span></p>

<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:10.5pt;mso-para-margin-left:1.0gd'><span
class=inlinemediaobject><b><span lang=EN-US style='font-family:Tahoma'><span
style='mso-spacerun:yes'>&nbsp;</span>mvprintw(row-2,0,&quot;</span></b></span><span
class=inlinemediaobject><span lang=EN-US style='font-family:Tahoma'>This screen
has %d rows and %d columns\n<b>&quot;,row,col);<o:p></o:p></b></span></span></p>

<p class=MsoBodyTextIndent style='margin-left:10.5pt;mso-para-margin-left:1.0gd'><span
class=inlinemediaobject><span lang=EN-US><span
style='mso-spacerun:yes'>&nbsp;</span>printw(&quot;</span></span><span
class=inlinemediaobject><span lang=EN-US style='font-weight:normal'>Try
resizing your window(if possible) and then run this program again</span><span
lang=EN-US>&quot;);<o:p></o:p></span></span></p>

<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:10.5pt;mso-para-margin-left:1.0gd'><span
class=inlinemediaobject><b><span lang=EN-US style='font-family:Tahoma'><span
style='mso-spacerun:yes'>&nbsp;</span>refresh();<o:p></o:p></span></b></span></p>

<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:10.5pt;mso-para-margin-left:1.0gd'><span
class=inlinemediaobject><b><span lang=EN-US style='font-family:Tahoma'><span
style='mso-spacerun:yes'>&nbsp;</span>getch();<o:p></o:p></span></b></span></p>

<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:10.5pt;mso-para-margin-left:1.0gd'><span
class=inlinemediaobject><b><span lang=EN-US style='font-family:Tahoma'><span
style='mso-spacerun:yes'>&nbsp;</span>endwin();<o:p></o:p></span></b></span></p>

<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:10.5pt;mso-para-margin-left:1.0gd'><span
class=inlinemediaobject><b><span lang=EN-US style='font-family:Tahoma'><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></b></span></p>

<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:10.5pt;mso-para-margin-left:1.0gd'><span
class=inlinemediaobject><b><span lang=EN-US style='font-family:Tahoma'><span
style='mso-spacerun:yes'>&nbsp;</span>return 0;<o:p></o:p></span></b></span></p>

<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:10.5pt;mso-para-margin-left:1.0gd'><span
class=inlinemediaobject><b><span lang=EN-US style='font-family:Tahoma'>}</span></b></span><span
lang=EN-US style='font-family:Tahoma'><o:p></o:p></span></p>

<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:10.5pt;mso-para-margin-left:1.0gd'><span
style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;
mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma'>这个程序示范了</span><span lang=EN-US style='font-family:
Tahoma'>printw()</span><span style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;
mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma'>函数集的用法，你只需要修改其中的行列坐标和要打印的字符串，这个程序就可以做任何你想做的。</span><span
lang=EN-US style='font-family:Tahoma'><o:p></o:p></span></p>

<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:10.5pt;mso-para-margin-left:1.0gd'><span
lang=EN-US style='font-family:Tahoma'><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p>

<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:10.5pt;mso-para-margin-left:1.0gd'><span
style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;
mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma'>这个程序引入了一个新函数</span><span lang=EN-US
style='font-family:Tahoma'>getmaxyx()</span><span style='font-family:宋体;
mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family:
Tahoma'>。这是一个定义在</span><span lang=EN-US style='font-family:Tahoma'>ncurses.h</span><span
style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;
mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma'>中的宏，它会给出窗口的行数和列数。所以，在窗口初始化更改窗口大小数据的时候它也会随着一起改变。</span><span
lang=EN-US style='font-family:Tahoma'>getmaxyx()</span><span style='font-family:
宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family:
Tahoma'>不是一个函数，因此我们不能向它传递指针，只可以传递一对整型变量。</span><span lang=EN-US
style='font-family:Tahoma'><o:p></o:p></span></p>

<p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US style='font-family:Tahoma'><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p>

<p class=MsoNormal><b><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:12.0pt'>6</span></b><b><span
lang=EN-US style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Tahoma'>.4. addstr()</span></b><b><span
style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:
Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma'>函数集（</span></b><b><span lang=EN-US
style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Tahoma'>addstr() class of functions</span></b><b><span
style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:
Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma'>）</span></b><b><span lang=EN-US
style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Tahoma'><o:p></o:p></span></b></p>

<p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US style='font-family:Tahoma'>addstr()</span><span
style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;
mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma'>函数用于输出字符串到指定窗口。这些函数的使用和</span><span lang=EN-US
style='font-family:Tahoma'>addch()</span><span style='font-family:宋体;
mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family:
Tahoma'>函数的使用差不多，差别在于输出对象分别是单个字符和字符串。其它的函数分别是</span><span lang=EN-US
style='font-family:Tahoma'>mvaddstr()</span><span style='font-family:宋体;
mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family:
Tahoma'>、</span><span lang=EN-US style='font-family:Tahoma'>mvwaddstr()</span><span
style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;
mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma'>和</span><span lang=EN-US style='font-family:Tahoma'>
waddstr()</span><span style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;
mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma'>，它们有着相同的</span><span
lang=EN-US style='font-family:Tahoma'>CURSES</span><span style='font-family:
宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family:
Tahoma'>命名规则。（比如</span><span lang=EN-US style='font-family:Tahoma'>mvaddstr() </span><span
style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;
mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma'>函数就是分别调用了</span><span lang=EN-US style='font-family:
Tahoma'>move()</span><span style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;
mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma'>和</span><span
lang=EN-US style='font-family:Tahoma'>addstr()</span><span style='font-family:
宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family:
Tahoma'>函数）这个函数集中还有一个函数</span><span lang=EN-US style='font-family:Tahoma'>addnstr()</span><span
style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;
mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma'>，这个函数需要一个整型参数。用来打印字符串中和这个整形参数数目相同的字符。如果这个参数是负数，</span><span
lang=EN-US style='font-family:Tahoma'>addnstr()</span><span style='font-family:
宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family:
Tahoma'>将会打印整个字符串。</span><span lang=EN-US style='font-family:Tahoma'><o:p></o:p></span></p>

<p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US style='font-family:Tahoma'><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p>

<p class=MsoNormal><st1:chsdate IsROCDate="False" IsLunarDate="False" Day="30"
Month="12" Year="1899" w:st="on"><b><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:12.0pt;
 font-family:Tahoma'>6.5.</span></b><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;
 font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;
 mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma'>一</span></b></st1:chsdate><b><span
style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:
Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma'>些提醒（</span></b><b><span lang=EN-US
style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Tahoma'>A word of caution</span></b><b><span
style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:
Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma'>）</span></b><b><span lang=EN-US
style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Tahoma'><o:p></o:p></span></b></p>

<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;
mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma'>所有这些函数中使用坐标的时候是先写</span><span
lang=EN-US style='font-family:Tahoma'>y</span><span style='font-family:宋体;
mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family:
Tahoma'>坐标，再写</span><span lang=EN-US style='font-family:Tahoma'>x</span><span
style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;
mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma'>坐标。很多初学者因为数学上的使用习惯而使用了先</span><span lang=EN-US
style='font-family:Tahoma'><span class=msoIns><ins cite="mailto:simon"
datetime="2004-02-05T20:46">x</ins></span></span><span style='font-family:宋体;
mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family:
Tahoma'>后</span><span lang=EN-US style='font-family:Tahoma'><span class=msoIns><ins
cite="mailto:simon" datetime="2004-02-05T20:46">y</ins></span></span><span
style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;
mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma'>的方式。如果你进行了很多使用行列坐标的操作。想想将屏幕分割成不同的窗口。然后熟练的处理每一个单独的窗口。窗口会在窗口一章中详细介绍。</span><span
lang=EN-US style='font-family:Tahoma'><o:p></o:p></span></p>

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