4第四章：初始化（initialization）.htm

curses界面编程

<p class=MsoNormal><span class=inlinemediaobject><b><span lang=EN-US
style='font-family:Tahoma'>#include &lt;ncurses.h&gt;<o:p></o:p></span></b></span></p>

<p class=MsoNormal><span class=inlinemediaobject><b><span lang=EN-US
style='font-family:Tahoma'><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></b></span></p>

<p class=MsoNormal><span class=inlinemediaobject><b><span lang=EN-US
style='font-family:Tahoma'>int main()<o:p></o:p></span></b></span></p>

<p class=MsoNormal><span class=inlinemediaobject><b><span lang=EN-US
style='font-family:Tahoma'>{<span style='mso-tab-count:1'>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span><o:p></o:p></span></b></span></p>

<p class=MsoNormal style='text-indent:21.0pt'><span class=inlinemediaobject><b><span
lang=EN-US style='font-family:Tahoma'>int ch;</span></b></span><span
class=inlinemediaobject><span lang=EN-US style='font-family:Tahoma'><o:p></o:p></span></span></p>

<p class=MsoNormal><span class=inlinemediaobject><span lang=EN-US
style='font-family:Tahoma'><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></span></p>

<p class=MsoNormal><span class=inlinemediaobject><span lang=EN-US
style='font-family:Tahoma'><span style='mso-tab-count:1'>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span><b>initscr();<span
style='mso-tab-count:1'>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span></b><span
style='mso-tab-count:2'>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span><span
style='mso-tab-count:2'>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span>/*
</span></span><span class=inlinemediaobject><span style='font-family:宋体;
mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family:
Tahoma'>开始</span></span><span class=inlinemediaobject><span lang=EN-US
style='font-family:Tahoma'>curses</span></span><span class=inlinemediaobject><span
style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;
mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma'>模式</span></span><span class=inlinemediaobject><span
lang=EN-US style='font-family:Tahoma'> <span style='mso-tab-count:1'>&nbsp;&nbsp; </span>*/<o:p></o:p></span></span></p>

<p class=MsoNormal><span class=inlinemediaobject><span lang=EN-US
style='font-family:Tahoma'><span style='mso-tab-count:1'>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span><b>raw();<span
style='mso-tab-count:2'>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span></b><span
style='mso-tab-count:2'>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span><span
style='mso-tab-count:2'>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span>/*
</span></span><span class=inlinemediaobject><span style='font-family:宋体;
mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family:
Tahoma'>行缓冲禁止</span></span><span class=inlinemediaobject><span lang=EN-US
style='font-family:Tahoma'><span style='mso-tab-count:1'>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span><span
style='mso-tab-count:1'>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span>*/<o:p></o:p></span></span></p>

<p class=MsoNormal><span class=inlinemediaobject><b><span lang=EN-US
style='font-family:Tahoma'><span style='mso-tab-count:1'>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span>keypad(stdscr,
TRUE);<span style='mso-tab-count:1'>&nbsp;&nbsp; </span></span></b></span><span
class=inlinemediaobject><span lang=EN-US style='font-family:Tahoma'><span
style='mso-tab-count:1'>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span>/* </span></span><span
class=inlinemediaobject><span style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;
mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma'>可以使用功能键</span></span><span
class=inlinemediaobject><span lang=EN-US style='font-family:Tahoma'><span
style='mso-tab-count:1'>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span>*/<o:p></o:p></span></span></p>

<p class=MsoNormal><span class=inlinemediaobject><span lang=EN-US
style='font-family:Tahoma'><span style='mso-tab-count:1'>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span><b>noecho();<span
style='mso-tab-count:2'>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span></b><span
style='mso-tab-count:1'>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span><span
style='mso-tab-count:2'>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span>/*
</span></span><span class=inlinemediaobject><span style='font-family:宋体;
mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family:
Tahoma'>当执行</span></span><span class=inlinemediaobject><span lang=EN-US
style='font-family:Tahoma'>getch()</span></span><span class=inlinemediaobject><span
style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;
mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma'>函数的时候关闭键盘反馈</span></span><span
class=inlinemediaobject><span style='font-family:Tahoma'> <span lang=EN-US>*/<o:p></o:p></span></span></span></p>

<p class=MsoNormal><span class=inlinemediaobject><b><span lang=EN-US
style='font-family:Tahoma'><span style='mso-spacerun:yes'>&nbsp;&nbsp; </span><span
style='mso-tab-count:1'>&nbsp; </span>printw(&quot;</span></b></span><span
class=inlinemediaobject><span lang=EN-US style='font-family:Tahoma'>Type any
character to see it in bold\n<b>&quot;);<o:p></o:p></b></span></span></p>

<p class=MsoNormal><span class=inlinemediaobject><b><span lang=EN-US
style='font-family:Tahoma'><span style='mso-tab-count:1'>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span>ch
= getch();<span style='mso-tab-count:3'>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span><o:p></o:p></span></b></span></p>

<p class=MsoNormal style='text-indent:21.0pt'><span class=inlinemediaobject><span
lang=EN-US style='font-family:Tahoma'>/* </span></span><span
class=inlinemediaobject><span style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;
mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma'>如果没有使用</span></span><span
class=inlinemediaobject><span lang=EN-US style='font-family:Tahoma'>raw()</span></span><span
class=inlinemediaobject><span style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;
mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma'>函数，必须先按下</span></span><span
class=inlinemediaobject><span lang=EN-US style='font-family:Tahoma'>enter</span></span><span
class=inlinemediaobject><span style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;
mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma'>键才可以运行程序</span></span><span
class=inlinemediaobject><span lang=EN-US style='font-family:Tahoma'> */<o:p></o:p></span></span></p>

<p class=MsoNormal style='text-indent:21.0pt'><span class=inlinemediaobject><span
lang=EN-US style='font-family:Tahoma'><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></span></p>

<p class=MsoNormal><span class=inlinemediaobject><span lang=EN-US
style='font-family:Tahoma'><span style='mso-tab-count:1'>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span><b>if(ch
== KEY_F(1))</b><span style='mso-tab-count:2'>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span>/*
</span></span><span class=inlinemediaobject><span style='font-family:宋体;
mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family:
Tahoma'>如果没有使用</span></span><span class=inlinemediaobject><span lang=EN-US
style='font-family:Tahoma'>keypad</span></span><span class=inlinemediaobject><span
style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;
mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma'>（）函数，将不会执行这条语句</span></span><span
class=inlinemediaobject><span style='font-family:Tahoma'> <span lang=EN-US>*/<o:p></o:p></span></span></span></p>

<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:21.0pt;text-indent:21.0pt'><span
class=inlinemediaobject><b><span lang=EN-US style='font-family:Tahoma'>printw(&quot;</span></b></span><span
class=inlinemediaobject><span lang=EN-US style='font-family:Tahoma'>F1 Key pressed<b>&quot;);<span
style='mso-tab-count:1'>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span><br>
</b>/* </span></span><span class=inlinemediaobject><span style='font-family:
宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family:
Tahoma'>如果没有使用</span></span><span class=inlinemediaobject><span lang=EN-US
style='font-family:Tahoma'> noecho() </span></span><span
class=inlinemediaobject><span style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;
mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma'>函数，一些难看的转义字符将会被打印到屏幕上</span></span><span
class=inlinemediaobject><span style='font-family:Tahoma'> <span lang=EN-US>*/<o:p></o:p></span></span></span></p>

<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:21.0pt;text-indent:21.0pt'><span
class=inlinemediaobject><b><span lang=EN-US style='font-family:Tahoma'><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></b></span></p>

<p class=MsoNormal><span class=inlinemediaobject><b><span lang=EN-US
style='font-family:Tahoma'><span style='mso-tab-count:1'>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span>else<o:p></o:p></span></b></span></p>

<p class=MsoNormal><span class=inlinemediaobject><b><span lang=EN-US
style='font-family:Tahoma'><span style='mso-tab-count:1'>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span>{<span
style='mso-tab-count:1'>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span>printw(&quot;</span></b></span><span
class=inlinemediaobject><span lang=EN-US style='font-family:Tahoma'>The pressed
key is<b> &quot;);<o:p></o:p></b></span></span></p>

<p class=MsoNormal><span class=inlinemediaobject><b><span lang=EN-US
style='font-family:Tahoma'><span style='mso-tab-count:2'>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span>attron(A_BOLD);<o:p></o:p></span></b></span></p>

<p class=MsoNormal><span class=inlinemediaobject><b><span lang=EN-US
style='font-family:Tahoma'><span style='mso-tab-count:2'>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span>printw(&quot;%c&quot;,
ch);<o:p></o:p></span></b></span></p>

<p class=MsoNormal><span class=inlinemediaobject><b><span lang=EN-US
style='font-family:Tahoma'><span style='mso-tab-count:2'>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span>attroff(A_BOLD);<o:p></o:p></span></b></span></p>

<p class=MsoNormal><span class=inlinemediaobject><b><span lang=EN-US
style='font-family:Tahoma'><span style='mso-tab-count:1'>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span>}</span></b></span><span
class=inlinemediaobject><span lang=EN-US style='font-family:Tahoma'><o:p></o:p></span></span></p>

<p class=MsoNormal><span class=inlinemediaobject><b><span lang=EN-US
style='font-family:Tahoma'><span style='mso-tab-count:1'>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span>refresh();<span
style='mso-tab-count:1'>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span></span></b></span><span
class=inlinemediaobject><span lang=EN-US style='font-family:Tahoma'><span
style='mso-tab-count:2'>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span>/*
</span></span><span class=inlinemediaobject><span style='font-family:宋体;
mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family:
Tahoma'>将缓冲区的内容打印到真正的显示器上</span></span><span class=inlinemediaobject><span
lang=EN-US style='font-family:Tahoma'><span style='mso-tab-count:1'>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span>*/<o:p></o:p></span></span></p>

<p class=MsoNormal><span class=inlinemediaobject><b><span lang=EN-US
style='font-family:Tahoma'><span style='mso-spacerun:yes'>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
</span>getch();<span style='mso-tab-count:1'>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span></span></b></span><span
class=inlinemediaobject><span lang=EN-US style='font-family:Tahoma'><span
style='mso-tab-count:2'>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span>/*
</span></span><span class=inlinemediaobject><span style='font-family:宋体;
mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family:
Tahoma'>等待用户输入</span></span><span class=inlinemediaobject><span lang=EN-US
style='font-family:Tahoma'> <span style='mso-tab-count:7'>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span>*/<o:p></o:p></span></span></p>

<p class=MsoNormal><span class=inlinemediaobject><b><span lang=EN-US
style='font-family:Tahoma'><span style='mso-tab-count:1'>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span>endwin();<span
style='mso-tab-count:1'>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span></span></b></span><span
class=inlinemediaobject><span lang=EN-US style='font-family:Tahoma'><span
style='mso-tab-count:2'>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span>/*
</span></span><span class=inlinemediaobject><span style='font-family:宋体;
mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family:
Tahoma'>结束</span></span><span class=inlinemediaobject><span lang=EN-US
style='font-family:Tahoma'>curses</span></span><span class=inlinemediaobject><span
style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;
mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma'>模式</span></span><span class=inlinemediaobject><span
lang=EN-US style='font-family:Tahoma'> <span style='mso-tab-count:2'>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span><span
style='mso-tab-count:4'>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span>*/<o:p></o:p></span></span></p>

<p class=MsoNormal><span class=inlinemediaobject><span lang=EN-US
style='font-family:Tahoma'><span style='mso-tab-count:1'>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span><b>return
0;<o:p></o:p></b></span></span></p>

<p class=MsoNormal><span class=inlinemediaobject><b><span lang=EN-US
style='font-family:Tahoma'>}<o:p></o:p></span></b></span></p>

<p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US style='font-family:Tahoma'><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p>

<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;
mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma'>这个程序很简单，不需要太多的说明。但还是有一些前面没有出现的函数。</span><span
lang=EN-US style='font-family:Tahoma'>getch()</span><span style='font-family:
宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family:
Tahoma'>函数用来取得用户输入的信息。它和通常的</span><span lang=EN-US style='font-family:Tahoma'>getchar()</span><span
style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;
mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma'>函数相似。但是</span><span lang=EN-US style='font-family:
Tahoma'>getch</span><span style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;
mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma'>（）可以让我们在禁用行缓冲时避免在输入完成后还要按</span><span
lang=EN-US style='font-family:Tahoma'>enter</span><span style='font-family:
宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family:
Tahoma'>键麻烦。在后面的部分中我们也将讨论到这些输入函数。</span><span lang=EN-US style='font-family:
Tahoma'>attron()</span><span style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;
mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma'>和</span><span
lang=EN-US style='font-family:Tahoma'>attroff()</span><span style='font-family:
宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family:
Tahoma'>函数作为切换开关用来开启和关闭给字符增加一些修饰效果的功能。在这个例子中，它们使显示的字符</span><span
style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>字体加粗。在后面的部分中我们也将讨论到这些函数。</span></p>

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