8第八章：输出修饰（attributes）.htm

curses界面编程

mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma'>闪动显示</span><span lang=EN-US style='font-family:
Tahoma'><o:p></o:p></span></p>

<p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US style='font-family:Tahoma'><span
style='mso-spacerun:yes'>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span><b>A_DIM</b><span
style='mso-spacerun:yes'>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
</span><span style='mso-tab-count:1'>&nbsp;&nbsp; </span></span><span
style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;
mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma'>半亮显示</span><span lang=EN-US style='font-family:
Tahoma'><o:p></o:p></span></p>

<p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US style='font-family:Tahoma'><span
style='mso-spacerun:yes'>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span><b>A_BOLD</b><span
style='mso-spacerun:yes'>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
</span><span style='mso-tab-count:1'>&nbsp;&nbsp; </span></span><span
style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;
mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma'>加亮加粗</span><span lang=EN-US style='font-family:
Tahoma'><o:p></o:p></span></p>

<p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US style='font-family:Tahoma'><span
style='mso-spacerun:yes'>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span><b>A_PROTECT</b><span
style='mso-spacerun:yes'>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span><span
style='mso-tab-count:1'>&nbsp; </span></span><span style='font-family:宋体;
mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family:
Tahoma'>保护模式</span><span lang=EN-US style='font-family:Tahoma'><o:p></o:p></span></p>

<p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US style='font-family:Tahoma'><span
style='mso-spacerun:yes'>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span><b>A_INVIS</b><span
style='mso-spacerun:yes'>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
</span><span style='mso-tab-count:1'>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span></span><span
style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;
mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma'>空白显示模式</span><span lang=EN-US style='font-family:
Tahoma'><o:p></o:p></span></p>

<p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US style='font-family:Tahoma'><span
style='mso-spacerun:yes'>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span><b>A_ALTCHARSET</b><span
style='mso-spacerun:yes'>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span></span><span
style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;
mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma'>字符交替</span><span lang=EN-US style='font-family:
Tahoma'><o:p></o:p></span></p>

<p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US style='font-family:Tahoma'><span
style='mso-spacerun:yes'>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span><b>A_CHARTEXT</b><span
style='mso-tab-count:2'>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span></span><span
style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;
mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma'>字符掩盖</span><span lang=EN-US style='font-family:
Tahoma'><o:p></o:p></span></p>

<p class=MsoNormal style='text-indent:21.75pt'><b><span lang=EN-US
style='font-family:Tahoma'>COLOR_PAIR(n)</span></b><span lang=EN-US
style='font-family:Tahoma'><span style='mso-tab-count:1'>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span></span><span
style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;
mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma'>前景、背景色设置</span><span lang=EN-US style='font-family:
Tahoma'><o:p></o:p></span></p>

<p class=MsoNormal><b><span style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;
mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma'>（注：</span></b><span
style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;
mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma'>经过译者试验（见试验程序</span><span lang=EN-US
style='font-family:Tahoma'>lst01.c</span><span style='font-family:宋体;
mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family:
Tahoma'>），上述修饰中只有</span><span lang=EN-US style='font-family:Tahoma'>A_NORMAL</span><span
style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;
mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma'>、</span><span lang=EN-US style='font-family:Tahoma'>A_BLINK</span><span
style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;
mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma'>、</span><span lang=EN-US style='font-family:Tahoma'>A_DIM</span><span
style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;
mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma'>、</span><span lang=EN-US style='font-family:Tahoma'>A_INVIS</span><span
style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;
mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma'>、</span><span lang=EN-US style='font-family:Tahoma'>A_BOLD</span><span
style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;
mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma'>、</span><span lang=EN-US style='font-family:Tahoma'>A_STANDOUT</span><span
style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;
mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma'>和</span><span lang=EN-US style='font-family:Tahoma'>A_REVERSE</span><span
style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;
mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma'>有效。且</span><span lang=EN-US style='font-family:
Tahoma'>A_STANDOUT</span><span style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:
Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma'>和</span><span
lang=EN-US style='font-family:Tahoma'>A_REVERSE</span><span style='font-family:
宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family:
Tahoma'>具有相同的输出结果。也许是笔者的试验环境问题，也许是笔者的这个测试程序还不完备。还请读者能够在自己所使用的系统上测试，欢迎把测试结果给我。如果你有更好的测试程序，我更加希望你能通过</span><span
lang=EN-US style='font-family:Tahoma'>E-mail</span><span style='font-family:
宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family:
Tahoma'>寄给我。<b>）</b></span><span lang=EN-US style='font-family:Tahoma'><o:p></o:p></span></p>

<p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US style='font-family:Tahoma'><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p>

<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;
mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma'>最后一个修饰是最吸引人的，它可以设置输出的字符及背景的颜色。<b>颜色</b>的设置将在后面章节详细介绍。</span><span
lang=EN-US style='font-family:Tahoma'><o:p></o:p></span></p>

<p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US style='font-family:Tahoma'><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p>

<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;
mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma'>我们可以给一段输出同时设定多种修饰。这样可以得到多种结合的效果。如果你想反白显示字符并同时让字符闪烁。只需要在两种修饰属性间加一个“</span><span
lang=EN-US style='font-family:Tahoma'>|</span><span style='font-family:宋体;
mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family:
Tahoma'>”字符就可以了：</span><span lang=EN-US style='font-family:Tahoma'><o:p></o:p></span></p>

<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:31.5pt;mso-para-margin-left:3.0gd'><b><span
lang=EN-US style='font-family:Tahoma'>attron(A_REVERSE | A_BLINK);<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>

<p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US style='font-family:Tahoma'><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p>

<p class=MsoNormal><b><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:14.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:
12.0pt;font-family:Tahoma'>8.2 attron()</span></b><b><span style='font-size:
14.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;
mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma'>函数和</span></b><b><span
lang=EN-US style='font-size:14.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Tahoma'>attrset()</span></b><b><span
style='font-size:14.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:
Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma'>函数之比较（</span></b><b><span
lang=EN-US style='font-size:14.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Tahoma'>attron()
vs attrset()</span></b><b><span style='font-size:14.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:
12.0pt;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;
mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma'>）</span></b><b><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:
14.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Tahoma'><o:p></o:p></span></b></p>

<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;
mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma'>现在我们该讨论讨论</span><span
lang=EN-US style='font-family:Tahoma'>attron()</span><span style='font-family:
宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family:
Tahoma'>函数和</span><span lang=EN-US style='font-family:Tahoma'>attrset()</span><span
style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;
mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma'>函数之间的区别了。</span><span lang=EN-US style='font-family:
Tahoma'>attrset()</span><span style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;
mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma'>为整个窗口<span
class=msoIns><ins cite="mailto:Simon%20Zhan" datetime="2004-02-10T22:22">设置</ins></span>一种修饰<span
class=msoIns><ins cite="mailto:Simon%20Zhan" datetime="2004-02-10T22:22">属性</ins></span>。而</span><span
lang=EN-US style='font-family:Tahoma'>attron()</span><span style='font-family:
宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family:
Tahoma'>函数只从被调用的地方开始<span class=msoIns><ins cite="mailto:Simon%20Zhan"
datetime="2004-02-10T22:22">设置</ins></span>。所以</span><span lang=EN-US
style='font-family:Tahoma'>attrset()</span><span style='font-family:宋体;
mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family:
Tahoma'>会覆盖掉你先前为整个窗口<span class=msoIns><ins cite="mailto:Simon%20Zhan"
datetime="2004-02-10T22:23">设置</ins></span>的任何修饰<span class=msoIns><ins
cite="mailto:Simon%20Zhan" datetime="2004-02-10T22:23">属性</ins></span>。就像在窗口的开始处开启修饰<span
class=msoIns><ins cite="mailto:Simon%20Zhan" datetime="2004-02-10T22:23">忏悔</ins></span>，在窗口结尾处关闭修饰<span
class=msoIns><ins cite="mailto:Simon%20Zhan" datetime="2004-02-10T22:23">属性</ins></span>一样。这两种方法为我们管理输出修饰<span
class=msoIns><ins cite="mailto:Simon%20Zhan" datetime="2004-02-10T22:23">属性</ins></span>提供了更简单、更富有弹性的方法。但是，如果你粗心的话，可能会让整个屏幕变得十分杂乱无章<span
class=msoIns><ins cite="mailto:Simon%20Zhan" datetime="2004-02-10T22:24">，</ins></span>函数之间的调用会难以管理。这种情况，尤其在某些利用到菜单的程序中出现的十分普遍。所以，事先做好设计，然后按照设计去实施会有效得多。你可以经常使用</span><span
lang=EN-US style='font-family:Tahoma'>standend()</span><span style='font-family:
宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family:
Tahoma'>函数关闭所有<span class=msoIns><ins cite="mailto:Simon%20Zhan"
datetime="2004-02-10T22:26">设置</ins></span>的修饰。这个函数的作用和</span><span lang=EN-US
style='font-family:Tahoma'>attrset(A_NORMAL)</span><span style='font-family:
宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family:
Tahoma'>函数是相同的。</span><span lang=EN-US style='font-family:Tahoma'><o:p></o:p></span></p>

<p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US style='font-family:Tahoma'><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p>

<p class=MsoNormal><b><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:14.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:
12.0pt;font-family:Tahoma'>8.3 attr_get() </span></b><b><span style='font-size:
14.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;
mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma'>函数</span></b><b><span
lang=EN-US style='font-size:14.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Tahoma'>(attr_get())<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>

<p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US style='font-family:Tahoma'>attr_get()</span><span
style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;
mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma'>函数用来取得当前窗口的修饰<span class=msoIns><ins
cite="mailto:Simon%20Zhan" datetime="2004-02-10T22:26">属性</ins></span>设置以及背景、文字颜色。虽然这个函数不像上面的那些函数常用。但它却对检测屏幕区域的修饰<span
class=msoIns><ins cite="mailto:Simon%20Zhan" datetime="2004-02-10T22:26">属性</ins></span>设置很有用。当我们在屏幕输出一些混合的复杂修饰效果时，这个函数可以告诉我们每一个字符关联的修饰。这个函数必须在设置了</span><span
lang=EN-US style='font-family:Tahoma'>attrset()</span><span style='font-family:
宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family:
Tahoma'>或者</span><span lang=EN-US style='font-family:Tahoma'>attron()</span><span
style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;
mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma'>函数之后使用。</span><span lang=EN-US style='font-family:
Tahoma'><o:p></o:p></span></p>

<p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US style='font-family:Tahoma'><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p>

<p class=MsoNormal><b><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:14.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:
12.0pt;font-family:Tahoma'>8.4 attr_ </span></b><b><span style='font-size:14.0pt;
mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;
mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma'><span class=msoIns><ins
cite="mailto:Simon%20Zhan" datetime="2004-02-10T22:27">类</ins></span>函数（</span></b><b><span
lang=EN-US style='font-size:14.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Tahoma'>attr_
functions</span></b><b><span style='font-size:14.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt;
font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;
mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma'>）</span></b><b><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:
14.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Tahoma'><o:p></o:p></span></b></p>

<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;
mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma'>这些函数都有</span><span
lang=EN-US style='font-family:Tahoma'>attr_</span><span style='font-family:
宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family:
Tahoma'>的前缀，比如：</span><span lang=EN-US style='font-family:Tahoma'>attr_set()</span><span
style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;
mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma'>、</span><span lang=EN-US style='font-family:Tahoma'>attr_on()</span><span
style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;
mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma'>等等……它们的作用和上面的函数一样，只不过要在调用时添加一定的参数。</span><span
lang=EN-US style='font-family:Tahoma'><o:p></o:p></span></p>

<p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US style='font-family:Tahoma'><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p>

<p class=MsoNormal><b><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:14.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:
12.0pt;font-family:Tahoma'>8.5 wattr_ </span></b><b><span style='font-size:
14.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;
mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma'><span class=msoIns><ins
cite="mailto:Simon%20Zhan" datetime="2004-02-10T22:27">类</ins></span>函数（</span></b><b><span
lang=EN-US style='font-size:14.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Tahoma'>wattr
functions</span></b><b><span style='font-size:14.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt;
font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;
mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma'>）</span></b><b><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:
14.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Tahoma'><o:p></o:p></span></b></p>

<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;