📄 curses.h
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<CENTER><FONT size=2>The Single UNIX ® Specification, Version 2<BR>Copyright ©
1997 The Open Group </FONT></CENTER>
<HR noShade SIZE=2>
<XREF name="curses.h" type="10"></XREF>
<H4><A name=tag_000_000_256> </A>NAME</H4>
<BLOCKQUOTE>curses.h - definitions for screen handling and optimisation
functions </BLOCKQUOTE>
<H4><A name=tag_000_000_257> </A>SYNOPSIS</H4>
<BLOCKQUOTE><PRE><CODE>
#include <curses.h>
</CODE>
</PRE></BLOCKQUOTE>
<H4><A name=tag_000_000_258> </A>DESCRIPTION</H4>
<BLOCKQUOTE>
<H5><A name=tag_000_000_258_001> </A>Objects</H5>The
<I><curses.h></I> header provides a declaration for <I>COLOR_PAIRS</I>,
<I>COLORS</I>, <I>COLS</I>, <I>curscr</I>, <I>LINES</I> and <I>stdscr</I>.
<H5><A name=tag_000_000_258_002> </A>Constants</H5>The following
constants are defined:
<DL compact>
<DT>EOF
<DD>Function return value for end-of-file
<DT>ERR
<DD>Function return value for failure
<DT>FALSE
<DD>Boolean <I>false</I> value
<DT>OK
<DD>Function return value for success
<DT>TRUE
<DD>Boolean <I>true</I> value
<DT>WEOF
<DD>Wide-character function return value for end-of-file, as defined in
<I><A
href="http://www.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/007908799/xsh/wchar.h.html"><wchar.h></A></I>.
</DD></DL>
<P>The following constant is defined if the implementation supports the
indicated revision of the X/Open Curses specification:
<DL compact>
<DT>_XOPEN_CURSES
<DD>X/Open Curses, Issue 4, Version 2, July 1996, (ISBN: 1-85912-171-3,
C610) (this document). </DD></DL>
<H5><A name=tag_000_000_258_003> </A>Data Types</H5>The following data
types are defined through <B>typedef</B>:
<DL compact>
<DT><B>attr_t</B>
<DD>An OR-ed set of attributes
<DT><B>bool</B>
<DD>Boolean data type
<DT><B>chtype</B>
<DD>A character, attributes and a colour-pair
<DT><B>SCREEN</B>
<DD>An opaque terminal representation
<DT><B>wchar_t</B>
<DD>As described in <I><A
href="http://www.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/007908799/xsh/stddef.h.html"><stddef.h></A></I>
<DT><B>wint_t</B>
<DD>As described in <I><A
href="http://www.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/007908799/xsh/wchar.h.html"><wchar.h></A></I>
<DT><B>cchar_t</B>
<DD>References a string of wide characters
<DT><B>WINDOW</B>
<DD>An opaque window representation </DD></DL>
<P>These data types are described in more detail in <XREF
href="datatypes"></XREF><A
href="http://www.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/007908799/xcurses/implement.html#datatypes">Data
Types</A>.
<P>The inclusion of <I><curses.h></I> may make visible all symbols from
the headers <I><A
href="http://www.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/007908799/xsh/stdio.h.html"><stdio.h></A></I>,
<I><A
href="http://www.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/007908799/xcurses/term.h.html"><term.h></A></I>,
<I><A
href="http://www.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/007908799/xsh/termios.h.html"><termios.h></A></I>
and <I><A
href="http://www.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/007908799/xsh/wchar.h.html"><wchar.h></A></I>.
<BR>
<H5><A name=tag_000_000_258_004> </A>Attribute Bits</H5>The following
symbolic constants are used to manipulate objects of type <B>attr_t</B>: <PRE><CODE>
WA_ALTCHARSET Alternate character set
WA_BLINK Blinking
WA_BOLD Extra bright or bold
WA_DIM Half bright
WA_HORIZONTAL Horizontal highlight
WA_INVIS Invisible
WA_LEFT Left highlight
WA_LOW Low highlight
WA_PROTECT Protected
WA_REVERSE Reverse video
WA_RIGHT Right highlight
WA_STANDOUT Best highlighting mode of the terminal
WA_TOP Top highlight
WA_UNDERLINE Underlining
WA_VERTICAL Vertical highlight
</CODE>
</PRE>These attribute flags shall be distinct.
<P>The following symbolic constants are used to manipulate attribute bits in
objects of type <B>chtype</B>: <PRE><CODE>
A_ALTCHARSET Alternate character set
A_BLINK Blinking
A_BOLD Extra bright or bold
A_DIM Half bright
A_INVIS Invisible
A_PROTECT Protected
A_REVERSE Reverse video
A_STANDOUT Best highlighting mode of the terminal
A_UNDERLINE Underlining
</CODE>
</PRE>These attribute flags need not be distinct except when
_XOPEN_CURSES is defined and the application sets _XOPEN_SOURCE_EXTENDED to 1.
<P>The following symbolic constants can be used as bit-masks to extract the
components of a <B>chtype</B>: <PRE><CODE>
A_ATTRIBUTES Bit-mask to extract attributes
A_CHARTEXT Bit-mask to extract a character
A_COLOR Bit-mask to extract colour-pair information
</CODE>
</PRE><BR>
<H5><A name=tag_000_000_258_005> </A>Line-drawing Constants</H5>The
<I><curses.h></I> header defines the symbolic constants shown in the
leftmost two columns of the following table for use in drawing lines. The
symbolic constants that begin with ACS_ are <B>char</B> constants. The
symbolic constants that begin with WACS_ are <B>cchar_t</B> constants for use
with the wide-character interfaces that take a pointer to a <B>cchar_t</B>.
<P>In the POSIX locale, the characters shown in the <B>POSIX Locale
Default</B> column are used when the terminal database does not specify a
value using the <B>acsc</B> capability.
<P>
<P>
<TABLE align=center>
<TBODY>
<TR vAlign=top>
<TH align=middle><B>char Constant</B>
<TH align=middle><B>cchar_t Constant</B>
<TH align=middle><B>POSIX Locale Default</B>
<TH align=middle><B>Glyph Description</B>
<TR vAlign=top>
<TD align=middle>ACS_ULCORNER
<TD align=middle>WACS_ULCORNER
<TD align=middle>+
<TD align=left>upper left-hand corner
<TR vAlign=top>
<TD align=middle>ACS_LLCORNER
<TD align=middle>WACS_LLCORNER
<TD align=middle>+
<TD align=left>lower left-hand corner
<TR vAlign=top>
<TD align=middle>ACS_URCORNER
<TD align=middle>WACS_URCORNER
<TD align=middle>+
<TD align=left>upper right-hand corner
<TR vAlign=top>
<TD align=middle>ACS_LRCORNER
<TD align=middle>WACS_LRCORNER
<TD align=middle>+
<TD align=left>lower right-hand corner
<TR vAlign=top>
<TD align=middle>ACS_RTEE
<TD align=middle>WACS_RTEE
<TD align=middle>+
<TD align=left>right tee
<TR vAlign=top>
<TD align=middle>ACS_LTEE
<TD align=middle>WACS_LTEE
<TD align=middle>+
<TD align=left>left tee
<TR vAlign=top>
<TD align=middle>ACS_BTEE
<TD align=middle>WACS_BTEE
<TD align=middle>+
<TD align=left>bottom tee
<TR vAlign=top>
<TD align=middle>ACS_TTEE
<TD align=middle>WACS_TTEE
<TD align=middle>+
<TD align=left>top tee
<TR vAlign=top>
<TD align=middle>ACS_HLINE
<TD align=middle>WACS_HLINE
<TD align=middle>-
<TD align=left>horizontal line
<TR vAlign=top>
<TD align=middle>ACS_VLINE
<TD align=middle>WACS_VLINE
<TD align=middle>|
<TD align=left>vertical line
<TR vAlign=top>
<TD align=middle>ACS_PLUS
<TD align=middle>WACS_PLUS
<TD align=middle>+
<TD align=left>plus
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