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abc:d:表示这个参数选项可以为a,b,c,d其中c,d出现时候必须要有参数值.如果我们输入了一个我们没有提供的参数选项.系统将会说
不认识的 选项.
getopt返回我们指定的参数选项.同时将参数值保存在optarg中,如果已经分析完成所有的参数函数返回-1.这个时候optind指出非可选参数的开始位置.
<BR><BR>#include <stdio.h> <BR>#include <unistd.h>
<BR><BR>int main(int argc,char **argv) <BR>{ <BR>int
is_a,is_b,is_c,is_d,i; <BR>char
*a_value,*b_value,*c_value,temp;
<BR><BR>is_a=is_b=is_c=is_d=0;
<BR>a_value=b_value=c_value=NULL; <BR><BR>if(argc==1) <BR>{
<BR>fprintf(stderr,"Usage:%s [-a value] [-b value] [-c value]
[-d] arglist ...\n", <BR>argv[0]); <BR>exit(1); <BR>}
<BR><BR>while((temp=getopt(argc,argv,"a:b:c:d"))!=-1) <BR>{
<BR>switch (temp) <BR>{ <BR>case 'a': <BR>is_a=1;
<BR>a_value=optarg; <BR>break; <BR>case 'b': <BR>is_b=1;
<BR>b_value=optarg; <BR>break; <BR>case 'c': <BR>is_c=1;
<BR>c_value=optarg; <BR>break; <BR>case 'd': <BR>is_d=1;
<BR>break; <BR>} <BR>} <BR><BR>printf("Option has a:%s with
value:%s\n",is_a?"YES":"NO",a_value); <BR>printf("Option has
b:%s with value:%s\n",is_b?"YES":"NO",b_value);
<BR>printf("Option has c:%s with
value:%s\n",is_c?"YES":"NO",c_value); <BR>printf("OPtion has
d:%s\n",is_d?"YES":"NO"); <BR>i=optind; <BR>while(argv[i])
printf(" with arg:%s\n",argv[i++]); <BR>exit(0); <BR>}
<BR><BR>getopt_long比getopt复杂一点,不过用途要比getopt广泛.struct option
指出我们可以接受的附加参数选项. <BR>name:指出长选项的名称(如我们的option1)
<BR>has_flag:为0时表示没有参数值,当为1的时候表明这个参数选项要接受一个参数值.为2时表示参数值可以有也可以没有.
<BR>指出函数的返回值.如果为NULL,那么返回val,否则返回0.并将longindex赋值为选项所在数组(longopts)的位置.
<BR><BR>/* 这个实例是从 GNU Libc 手册上看到的 */ <BR><BR>#include
<stdio.h> <BR>#include <stdlib.h> <BR>#include
<getopt.h> <BR><BR><BR>int main (int argc, char **argv)
<BR>{ <BR>int c; <BR><BR>while (1) <BR>{ <BR>struct option
long_options[] = <BR>{ <BR>{"add", 1, 0, 0}, <BR>{"append", 0,
0, 0}, <BR>{"delete", 1, 0, 0}, <BR>/* 返回字符c,等同于 -c 选项 */
<BR>{"create", 0, 0, 'c'}, <BR>{"file", 1, 0, 0}, <BR>/* 数组结束
*/ <BR>{0, 0, 0, 0} <BR>}; <BR>/* getopt_long stores the
option index here. */ <BR>int option_index = 0; <BR><BR>c =
getopt_long (argc, argv, "abc:d:", <BR>long_options,
&option_index); <BR><BR>/* Detect the end of the options.
*/ <BR>if (c == -1) <BR>break; <BR><BR>switch (c) <BR>{
<BR>case 0: <BR>printf ("option %s",
long_options[option_index].name); <BR>if (optarg) <BR>printf
(" with arg %s\n", optarg); <BR>break; <BR><BR>case 'a':
<BR>puts ("option -a\n"); <BR>break; <BR><BR>case 'b':
<BR>puts ("option -b\n"); <BR>break; <BR><BR>/* 可能是-c
--creat参数指出来的 */ <BR>case 'c': <BR>printf ("option -c with
value `%s'\n", optarg); <BR>break; <BR><BR>case 'd':
<BR>printf ("option -d with value `%s'\n", optarg); <BR>break;
<BR>} <BR>} <BR><BR>exit (0); <BR>}
<BR><BR>当我们输入了错误的选项后,系统会给出错误的提示,如果我们想屏蔽这个信息,我们可以设置opterr为0,对于错误的选项,函数分析时候返回一个'?'字符.我们可以自己对这个字符进行处理.</SPAN><SPAN
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<TD class=row2 vAlign=top align=left width=150><SPAN class=name><A
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