📄 rfc961.txt
字号:
Network Working Group J. Reynolds
Request for Comments: 961 J. Postel
ISI
Obsoletes: RFCs 944, 924, 901, 880, 840 December 1985
OFFICIAL ARPA-INTERNET PROTOCOLS
STATUS OF THIS MEMO
This memo is an official status report on the protocols used in the
ARPA-Internet community. Distribution of this memo is unlimited.
INTRODUCTION
This RFC identifies the documents specifying the official protocols
used in the Internet. Comments indicate any revisions or changes
planned.
To first order, the official protocols are those in the "Internet
Protocol Transition Workbook" (IPTW) dated March 1982. There are
several protocols in use that are not in the IPTW. A few of the
protocols in the IPTW have been revised. Notably, the mail protocols
have been revised and issued as a volume titled "Internet Mail
Protocols" dated November 1982. Telnet and the most useful Telnet
options have been revised and issued as a volume titled "Internet
Telnet Protocol and Options" (ITP) dated June 1983. The File
Transfer Protocol has been revised most recently as RFC 959 which is
not yet included in any collection. Some protocols have not been
revised for many years, these are found in the old "ARPANET Protocol
Handbook" (APH) dated January 1978. There is also a volume of
protocol related information called the "Internet Protocol
Implementers Guide" (IPIG) dated August 1982.
This document is organized as a sketchy outline. The entries are
protocols (e.g., Transmission Control Protocol). In each entry there
are notes on status, specification, comments, other references,
dependencies, and contact.
The STATUS is one of: required, recommended, elective, or
experimental.
The SPECIFICATION identifies the protocol defining documents.
The COMMENTS describe any differences from the specification or
problems with the protocol.
The OTHER REFERENCES identify documents that comment on or expand
on the protocol.
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Official ARPA-Internet Protocols RFC 961
The DEPENDENCIES indicate what other protocols are called upon by
this protocol.
The CONTACT indicates a person who can answer questions about the
protocol.
In particular, the status may be:
required
- all hosts must implement the required protocol,
recommended
- all hosts are encouraged to implement the recommended
protocol,
elective
- hosts may implement or not the elective protocol,
experimental
- hosts should not implement the experimental protocol
unless they are participating in the experiment and have
coordinated their use of this protocol with the contact
person, and
none
- this is not a protocol.
For further information about protocols in general, please
contact:
Joyce Reynolds
USC - Information Sciences Institute
4676 Admiralty Way
Marina del Rey, California 90292-6695
Phone: (213) 822-1511
ARPA mail: JKREYNOLDS@USC-ISIB.ARPA
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Official ARPA-Internet Protocols RFC 961
OVERVIEW
Catenet Model ------------------------------------------------------
STATUS: None
SPECIFICATION: IEN 48 (in IPTW)
COMMENTS:
Gives an overview of the organization and principles of the
Internet.
Could be revised and expanded.
OTHER REFERENCES:
Leiner, B., Cole R., Postel, J., and D. Mills, "The DARPA
Protocol Suite", IEEE INFOCOM 85, Washington, D.C., March 1985.
Also in IEEE Communications Magazine, and as ISI/RS-85-153,
March 1985.
Postel, J., "Internetwork Applications Using the DARPA Protocol
Suite", IEEE INFOCOM 85, Washington, D.C., March 1985. Also in
IEEE Communications Magazine, and as ISI/RS-85-151, April 1985.
Padlipsky, M.A., "The Elements of Networking Style and other
Essays and Animadversions on the Art of Intercomputer
Networking", Prentice-Hall, New Jersey, 1985.
RFC 871 - A Perspective on the ARPANET Reference Model
DEPENDENCIES:
CONTACT: Postel@USC-ISIB.ARPA
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Official ARPA-Internet Protocols RFC 961
NETWORK LEVEL
Internet Protocol --------------------------------------------- (IP)
STATUS: Required
SPECIFICATION: RFC 791 (in IPTW)
COMMENTS:
This is the universal protocol of the Internet. This datagram
protocol provides the universal addressing of hosts in the
Internet.
A few minor problems have been noted in this document.
The most serious is a bit of confusion in the route options.
The route options have a pointer that indicates which octet of
the route is the next to be used. The confusion is between the
phrases "the pointer is relative to this option" and "the
smallest legal value for the pointer is 4". If you are
confused, forget about the relative part, the pointer begins
at 4.
Another important point is the alternate reassembly procedure
suggested in RFC 815.
Some changes are in the works for the security option.
Note that ICMP is defined to be an integral part of IP. You
have not completed an implementation of IP if it does not
include ICMP.
OTHER REFERENCES:
RFC 815 (in IPIG) - IP Datagram Reassembly Algorithms
RFC 814 (in IPIG) - Names, Addresses, Ports, and Routes
RFC 816 (in IPIG) - Fault Isolation and Recovery
RFC 817 (in IPIG) - Modularity and Efficiency in Protocol
Implementation
MIL-STD-1777 - Military Standard Internet Protocol
RFC 963 - Some Problems with the Specification of the Military
Standard Internet Protocol
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Official ARPA-Internet Protocols RFC 961
DEPENDENCIES:
CONTACT: Postel@USC-ISIB.ARPA
Internet Control Message Protocol --------------------------- (ICMP)
STATUS: Required
SPECIFICATION: RFC 792 (in IPTW)
COMMENTS:
The control messages and error reports that go with the
Internet Protocol.
A few minor errors in the document have been noted.
Suggestions have been made for additional types of redirect
message and additional destination unreachable messages.
A proposal for two additional ICMP message types is made in
RFC 950 "Internet Subnets", Address Mask Request (A1=17), and
Address Mask Reply (A2=18). The details of these ICMP types
are subject to change. Use of these ICMP types is
experimental.
Note that ICMP is defined to be an integral part of IP. You
have not completed an implementation of IP if it does not
include ICMP.
OTHER REFERENCES: RFC 950
DEPENDENCIES: Internet Protocol
CONTACT: Postel@USC-ISIB.ARPA
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Official ARPA-Internet Protocols RFC 961
HOST LEVEL
User Datagram Protocol --------------------------------------- (UDP)
STATUS: Recommended
SPECIFICATION: RFC 768 (in IPTW)
COMMENTS:
Provides a datagram service to applications. Adds port
addressing to the IP services.
The only change noted for the UDP specification is a minor
clarification that if in computing the checksum a padding octet
is used for the computation it is not transmitted or counted in
the length.
OTHER REFERENCES:
DEPENDENCIES: Internet Protocol
CONTACT: Postel@USC-ISIB.ARPA
Transmission Control Protocol -------------------------------- (TCP)
STATUS: Recommended
SPECIFICATION: RFC 793 (in IPTW)
COMMENTS:
Provides reliable end-to-end data stream service.
Many comments and corrections have been received for the TCP
specification document. These are primarily document bugs
rather than protocol bugs.
Event Processing Section: There are many minor corrections and
clarifications needed in this section.
Push: There are still some phrases in the document that give a
"record mark" flavor to the push. These should be further
clarified. The push is not a record mark.
Urgent: Page 17 is wrong. The urgent pointer points to the
last octet of urgent data (not to the first octet of non-urgent
data).
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Official ARPA-Internet Protocols RFC 961
Listening Servers: Several comments have been received on
difficulties with contacting listening servers. There should
be some discussion of implementation issues for servers, and
some notes on alternative models of system and process
organization for servers.
Maximum Segment Size: The maximum segment size option should
be generalized and clarified. It can be used to either
increase or decrease the maximum segment size from the default.
The TCP Maximum Segment Size is the IP Maximum Datagram Size
minus forty. The default IP Maximum Datagram Size is 576. The
default TCP Maximum Segment Size is 536. For further
discussion, see RFC 879.
Idle Connections: There have been questions about
automatically closing idle connections. Idle connections are
ok, and should not be closed. There are several cases where
idle connections arise, for example, in Telnet when a user is
thinking for a long time following a message from the server
computer before his next input. There is no TCP "probe"
mechanism, and none is needed.
Queued Receive Data on Closing: There are several points where
it is not clear from the description what to do about data
received by the TCP but not yet passed to the user,
particularly when the connection is being closed. In general,
the data is to be kept to give to the user if he does a RECV
call.
Out of Order Segments: The description says that segments that
arrive out of order, that is, are not exactly the next segment
to be processed, may be kept on hand. It should also point out
that there is a very large performance penalty for not doing
so.
User Time Out: This is the time out started on an open or send
call. If this user time out occurs the user should be
notified, but the connection should not be closed or the TCB
deleted. The user should explicitly ABORT the connection if he
wants to give up.
OTHER REFERENCES:
RFC 813 (in IPIG) - Window and Acknowledgement Strategy in TCP
RFC 814 (in IPIG) - Names, Addresses, Ports, and Routes
RFC 816 (in IPIG) - Fault Isolation and Recovery
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Official ARPA-Internet Protocols RFC 961
RFC 817 (in IPIG) - Modularity and Efficiency in Protocol
Implementation
RFC 879 - TCP Maximum Segment Size
RFC 889 - Internet Delay Experiments
RFC 896 - TCP/IP Congestion Control
MIL-STD-1778 - Military Standard Transmission Control Protocol
RFC 964 - Some Problems with the Specification of the Military
Standard Transmission Control Protocol
DEPENDENCIES: Internet Protocol
CONTACT: Postel@USC-ISIB.ARPA
Host Monitoring Protocol ------------------------------------- (HMP)
STATUS: Elective
SPECIFICATION: RFC 869
COMMENTS:
This is a good tool for debugging protocol implementations in
remotely located computers.
This protocol is used to monitor Internet gateways and the
TACs.
OTHER REFERENCES:
DEPENDENCIES: Internet Protocol
CONTACT: Hinden@BBN-UNIX.ARPA
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Official ARPA-Internet Protocols RFC 961
Cross Net Debugger ------------------------------------------ (XNET)
STATUS: Elective
SPECIFICATION: IEN 158
COMMENTS:
A debugging protocol, allows debugger like access to remote
systems.
This specification should be updated and reissued as an RFC.
OTHER REFERENCES: RFC 643
DEPENDENCIES: Internet Protocol
CONTACT: Postel@USC-ISIB.ARPA
"Stub" Exterior Gateway Protocol ----------------------------- (EGP)
STATUS: Recommended for Gateways
SPECIFICATION: RFC 888, RFC 904
COMMENTS:
The protocol used between gateways of different administrations
to exchange routing information.
Please discuss any plans for implementation or use of this
protocol with the contact.
OTHER REFERENCES: RFC 827, RFC 890
DEPENDENCIES: Internet Protocol
CONTACT: Mills@USC-ISID.ARPA
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Official ARPA-Internet Protocols RFC 961
Gateway Gateway Protocol ------------------------------------- (GGP)
STATUS: Experimental
SPECIFICATION: RFC 823
COMMENTS:
The gateway protocol now used in the core gateways.
Please discuss any plans for implementation or use of this
protocol with the contact.
OTHER REFERENCES:
DEPENDENCIES: Internet Protocol
CONTACT: Brescia@BBN-UNIX.ARPA
Multiplexing Protocol ---------------------------------------- (MUX)
STATUS: Experimental
SPECIFICATION: IEN 90
COMMENTS:
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