rfc80.txt

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Network Working Group                                         E. Harslem
Request for Comments: 80                                      J. Heafner
NIC: 5608                                                           RAND
                                                         1 December 1970


                       PROTOCOLS AND DATA FORMATS

   Because of recent discussions of protocols and data formats we issue
   this note to highlight our current attitudes and investigations in
   those regards.  We first discuss some specific sequences, and then
   offer some thoughts on two general implementation approaches that
   will handle these and other specifics.  We wish to place emphasis on
   the _general solutions_ and not on the specifics.

INITIAL CONNECTION PROTOCOLS

   We wish to make two points concerning specific Initial Connection
   Protocols (IPCs).  Firstly, the IPC described in NEW/RFC #66--its
   generality and a restatement of that ICP.  Secondly, a proposal for a
   variant ICP using basically the same logic as NWG/RFC #66.

I. NWG/RFC #66

   The only technical error in this IPC is that as diagrammed both the
   Server and User send ALL messages before the connections are
   established which is inconsistent with Network Document No. 1.  This
   can easily be remedied as will be shown in the restatement below.

   In terms of generality, any ICP that is adopted as a standard should
   apply to more situations than a process calling a logger.  That is,
   some Network service processes that hook directly to a user process,
   independent of logger action, could perhaps use a standard ICP.
   Thus, as is shown below, the process name field of the server socket
   should be a parameter with a value of zero being a special case for
   loggers.

   Restatement of NWG/RFC #66 (using the same wording where appropriate)

      1. To initiate contact, the using process attaches a receive
         socket (US) and requests connection to process SERV socket #1
         in the serving HOST.  (SERV = 0 for ICP to the logger.)  As a
         result the using NCP sends:








Harslem, et. al.                                                [Page 1]

RFC 80                 Protocols and Data Formats        1 December 1970


            1              4                 3          1     1
         +-----+---------------------+---------------+-----+-----+
         | RTS |          US         |      SERV     |  1  |  P  |
         +-----+---------------------+---------------+-----+-----+

         over link 1, where P is the receive link.

      2. The serving process (SERV) may decide to refuse to the call, in
         which case it closes the connection.  If it accepts the call,
         the serving process completes the connection (via an INIT
         system call, hence an STR).

            1           3          1            4
         +-----+----------------+-----+--------------------+
         | STR |      SERV      |  1  |         US         |
         +-----+----------------+-----+--------------------+

      3. When the connection is completed, the user process allocates a
         nominal amount of space to the connection, resulting in the NCP
         sending:

            1     1            4
         +-----+-----+--------------------+
         | ALL |  P  |       SPACE        |
         +-----+-----+--------------------+

         where SPACE is the amount.

      4. The serving process then selects the socket pair it wishes to
         assign this user.  It sends exactly an even 32 bit number over
         the connection.  This even 32 bit number (SS) is the receive
         socket in the serving HOST.  This socket and the next higher
         numbered socket are reserved for the using process.

      5. It then closes the connection.  The serving NCP sends (step 4):

                    4
         +---------------------+
         |         SS          |
         +---------------------+

         on link P, and (step 5):









Harslem, et. al.                                                [Page 2]

RFC 80                 Protocols and Data Formats        1 December 1970


            1            3         1             4
         +-----+----------------+-----+--------------------+
         | CLS |       SERV     |  1  |         US         |
         +-----+----------------+-----+--------------------+

         on the control link (which is echoed by the using NCP).

      6. Now that both server and user are aware of the remote socket
         pair for the duplex connection, <STR, RTS>s can be exchanged.

         _Sever sends User_

            1            4                     4
         +-----+--------------------+--------------------+
         | STR |      SS + 1        |          US        |
         +-----+--------------------+--------------------+---+
         | RTS |         SS         |        SS + 1      | Q |
         +-----+--------------------+--------------------+---+

         where Q is the Server's receive link.

         _User sends Server_

            1             4                    4
         +-----+--------------------+--------------------+
         | STR |       US + 1       |         SS         |
         +-----+--------------------+--------------------+---+
         | RTS |          US        |       SS + 1       | R |
         +-----+--------------------+--------------------+---+

         where R is the User's receive link.

         ALLocates may then be sent and transmission begun.

II.  A Variation of NWG/RFC #66

   This variation reduces Network messages and eliminates duplication of
   information transfer.

   Steps 3 and 4 above are deleted.  The user process is not notified
   directly which of the Server's sockets it will be assigned.  The user
   process, however, will listen on sockets US and US + 1 for calls from
   SERV after step 5 above.  It can reject any spurious calls.  In
   accepting the calls from SERV, the connection is established.

   The following sample sequence illustrates this ICP.  (The notation is
   as above).




Harslem, et. al.                                                [Page 3]

RFC 80                 Protocols and Data Formats        1 December 1970


   1. User --> Server

         1            4                    3         1     1
      +-----+--------------------+----------------+-----+-----+
      | RTS |         US         |       SERV     |  1  |  P  |
      +-----+--------------------+----------------+-----+-----+

   2. Server --> User

      If accepted:

         1           3          1             4
      +-----+----------------+-----+---------------------+
      | STR |      SERV      |  1  |         US          |
      +-----+----------------+-----+---------------------+
      | CLS |      SERV      |  1  |         US          |
      +-----+----------------+-----+---------------------+

      If rejected:

         1           3          1             4
      +-----+----------------+-----+---------------------+
      | CLS |      SERV      |  1  |         US          |
      +-----+----------------+-----+---------------------+

   3. If accepted, user listens on US and US + 1.

   4. Server --> User

         1             4                     4
      +-----+--------------------+---------------------+
      | STR |       SS + 1       |          US         |
      +-----+--------------------+---------------------+---+
      | RTS |         SS         |        US + 1       | Q |
      +-----+--------------------+---------------------+---+

   5. User accepts the calls, hence:

      User --> Sender

         1              4                     4
      +-----+---------------------+--------------------+
      | STR |        US + 1       |        SS + 1      |
      +-----+---------------------+--------------------+---+
      | RTS |        US + 1       |          SS        | R |
      +-----+---------------------+--------------------+---+

      and the connection is established.



Harslem, et. al.                                                [Page 4]

RFC 80                 Protocols and Data Formats        1 December 1970


   This reduces the number of network messages by two and only passes
   the information regarding the Server's sockets once via RTS and STR.

   PRE-SPECIFIED DATA FORMATS

   We would like to adopt those suggestions for data formats in NWG/RFC
   #42 and #63.  We subscribe to multiple standards as solutions to
   particular problem classes.

   AN ADAPTABLE MECHANISM

      We would like to adapt to Network use, problem programs that were
      not planned with the Network in mind, and which, no doubt, will
      not easily succumb to Network standards existing at the time of
      their inclusion.  This incompatibility problem is just as
      fundamental a part of the research underlying the Network as is
      different Host hardware.  To require extensive front-ends on each
      such program is not a reasonable goal.  We view the Network as an
      amalgamation of a) Hosts that provide services; b) parasite Hosts
      that interface terminals to the services, and c) a spectrum of
      Hosts that behave as both users and providers of services.  To
      require that each parasite Host handle different protocols and
      data formats for all services that its users need is not a
      reasonable goal.  The result is programs and terminals that wish