rfc2787.txt
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Network Working Group B. Jewell
Request for Comments: 2787 Copper Mountain Networks, Inc.
Category: Standards Track D. Chuang
CoSine Communications
March 2000
Definitions of Managed Objects for the
Virtual Router Redundancy Protocol
Status of this Memo
This document specifies an Internet standards track protocol for the
Internet community, and requests discussion and suggestions for
improvements. Please refer to the current edition of the "Internet
Official Protocol Standards" (STD 1) for the standardization state
and status of this protocol. Distribution of this memo is unlimited.
Copyright Notice
Copyright (C) The Internet Society (2000). All Rights Reserved.
Abstract
This specification defines an extension to the Management Information
Base (MIB) for use with SNMP-based network management. In
particular, it defines objects for configuring, monitoring, and
controlling routers that employ the Virtual Router Redundancy
Protocol (VRRP) [17].
This memo specifies a MIB module in a manner that is compliant with
SMIv2 [5], and semantically identical to the SMIv1 definitions [2].
Jewell & Chuang Standards Track [Page 1]
RFC 2787 VRRP MIB Management Objects March 2000
Table of Contents
1 The SNMP Network Management Framework ................. 2
2 Overview .............................................. 3
2.1 VRRP MIB Structure .................................. 3
2.2 Virtual Router Redundancy Protocol .................. 4
2.3 VRRP MIB Table Design ............................... 4
2.3.1 Relation to Interface Group ....................... 5
2.4 VRRP Scenarios ...................................... 5
2.4.1 Scenario #1 ....................................... 5
2.4.2 Scenario #2 ....................................... 8
3 Definitions ........................................... 11
4 Security Considerations ............................... 27
5 Acknowledgements ...................................... 28
6 References ............................................ 28
7 Authors' Addresses .................................... 30
8 Intellectual Property Statement........................ 30
9 Full Copyright Statement............................... 31
1. The SNMP Management Framework
The SNMP Management Framework presently consists of five major
components:
o An overall architecture, described in RFC 2571 [1].
o Mechanisms for describing and naming objects and events for the
purpose of management. The first version of this Structure of
Management Information (SMI) is called SMIv1 and described in STD
16, RFC 1155 [2], STD 16, RFC 1212 [3] and RFC 1215 [4]. The second
version, called SMIv2, is described in STD 58, RFC 2578 [5], STD
58, RFC 2579 [6] and STD 58, RFC 2580 [7].
o Message protocols for transferring management information. The
first version of the SNMP message protocol is called SNMPv1 and
described in STD 15, RFC 1157 [8]. A second version of the SNMP
message protocol, which is not an Internet standards track
protocol, is called SNMPv2c and described in RFC 1901 [9] and RFC
1906 [10]. The third version of the message protocol is called
SNMPv3 and described in RFC 1906 [10], RFC 2572 [11] and RFC 2574
[12].
o Protocol operations for accessing management information. The first
set of protocol operations and associated PDU formats is described
in STD 15, RFC 1157 [8]. A second set of protocol operations and
associated PDU formats is described in RFC 1905 [13].
Jewell & Chuang Standards Track [Page 2]
RFC 2787 VRRP MIB Management Objects March 2000
o A set of fundamental applications described in RFC 2573 [14] and
the view-based access control mechanism described in RFC 2575 [15].
A more detailed introduction to the current SNMP Management Framework
can be found in RFC 2570 [16].
Managed objects are accessed via a virtual information store, termed
the Management Information Base or MIB. Objects in the MIB are
defined using the mechanisms defined in the SMI.
This memo specifies a MIB module that is compliant to the SMIv2. A
MIB conforming to the SMIv1 can be produced through the appropriate
translations. The resulting translated MIB must be semantically
equivalent, except where objects or events are omitted because no
translation is possible (use of Counter64). Some machine readable
information in SMIv2 will be converted into textual descriptions in
SMIv1 during the translation process. However, this loss of machine
readable information is not considered to change the semantics of the
MIB.
2. Overview
This memo identifies the set of objects for configuring, monitoring,
and controlling the Virtual Router Redundancy Protocol (VRRP), as
defined in RFC 2338 [17].
VRRP specifies an election protocol that will allow one or more
associated IP addresses to be assumed by another router in the event
of a failure of the IP address(es) owner. Thus, IP traffic from a
host using a failed router as a default gateway is transparently
fowarded by the VRRP router that has assumed control. VRRP provides
redundancy in routed networks without requiring configuration of
dynamic routing or router discovery protocols on every end-host.
Since the VRRP protocol is intended for use with IPv4 routers only,
this MIB uses the SYNTAX for IP addresses which is specific to IPv4.
Thus, changes will be required for this MIB to interoperate in an
IPv6 environment.
2.1. VRRP MIB Structure
The VRRP MIB contains three conformance groups:
- vrrpOperations Group: Objects related to VRRP router's
configuration and control.
- vrrpStatistics Group: Objects containing information useful in
monitoring the operation of VRRP routers.
Jewell & Chuang Standards Track [Page 3]
RFC 2787 VRRP MIB Management Objects March 2000
- vrrpNotifications Group: Consists of objects and definitions for
use in SNMP notifications sent by VRRP routers.
Tables in the MIB include the following:
(1) The vrrpOperTable, which contains objects that define the
operational characteristics of a VRRP router. Rows in this table
correspond to instances of virtual routers.
(2) The vrrpAssoIpAddrTable, which contains the addresses of the
virtual router(s) that a given VRRP router is backing up.
(3) The vrrpRouterStatsTable which contains the operating statistics
for a VRRP router.
2.2. Virtual Router Redundancy Protocol
This MIB is based on the following characteristics of VRRP as defined
in the VRRP specification [17].
- A "VRRP router" is one that is configured to run the VRRP protocol
in conjunction with one or more other VRRP routers attached to a
LAN.
- A VRRP router can be running one or more instances of a virtual
router.
- A "virtual router" is an abstraction which consists of two or more
physical routers associated by a Virtual Router Identifier (VRID).
- An instance of a virtual router (on a physical VRRP router), can be
uniquely identified by a combination of the 'ifIndex' [18] and
"Virtual Router Identifier" (VRID).
- For each VRID there is a set of one or more "associated IP
addresses" that are backed-up by the virtual router.
2.3. VRRP MIB Table Design
The tables in the VRRP MIB are structured with the assumption that a
VRRP network management application would likely be designed to
display information or provide configuration about a VRRP router on a
"per-virtual-router basis". Thus, the tables defined in the MIB
consist of conceptual rows which are grouped in a manner to present a
view of individual virtual routers with a minimal number of SNMP
operations.
Jewell & Chuang Standards Track [Page 4]
RFC 2787 VRRP MIB Management Objects March 2000
2.3.1. Relation to Interface Group (RFC 2233) [18].
Since a router can be participating in VRRP on one or more physical
interfaces, "ifIndex" is used as an index into the tables defined in
the VRRP MIB.
2.4. VRRP Scenarios
The following section provides examples of how some of the objects in
this MIB are instantiated for two different VRRP scenarios.
KEY:
----
The labels in the following tables and diagrams correspond to the
actual MIB objects as follows:
if = vrrpOperIfIndex
VrId = vrrpOperVrId
State = vrrpOperState
Prior = vrrpOperPriority
AddrCnt = vrrpOperIpAddrCount
IpAddr = vrrpOperMasterIpAddr
RowStat = vrrpOperRowStatus
2.4.1. VRRP Scenario #1
The following figure shows a simple network with two VRRP routers
configured with two virtual routers. This sample topology is taken
from the VRRP specification [17]. Addresses in '()' indicate the IP
address of the default gateway for a given host, H1 - H4. In the
diagram, "Interface" is used in the context defined in IF-MIB [18].
Jewell & Chuang Standards Track [Page 5]
RFC 2787 VRRP MIB Management Objects March 2000
VRID=1 VRID=2
+-----+ +-----+
| MR1 | | MR2 |
| & | | & |
| BR2 | | BR1 |
+-----+ +-----+
IP A ---------->* *<---------- IP B
Interface=I1 | | Interface=I2
| |
| |
------------------+------------+-----+--------+--------+--------+--
^ ^ ^ ^
| | | |
(IP A) (IP A) (IP A) (IP A)
| | | |
+--+--+ +--+--+ +--+--+ +--+--+
| H1 | | H2 | | H3 | | H4 |
+-----+ +-----+ +--+--+ +--+--+
----- MIB Tables For VRRP Router "IP A": -----
vrrpOperTable
-------------
| if | VrId | State | Prior | AddrCnt | IpAddr | ... | RowStat |
+----+------+-------+-------+---------+--------+-( )-+---------+
| | | | | | | | |
| I1 | 01 | M | 255 | 1 | A | | active |
| | | | | | | | |
+----+------+-------+-------+---------+--------+-( )-+---------+
| | | | | | | | |
| I1 | 02 | B | 1-254 | 1 | B | | active |
| | | | | | | | |
+----+------+-------+-------+---------+--------+-( )-+---------+
Jewell & Chuang Standards Track [Page 6]
RFC 2787 VRRP MIB Management Objects March 2000
vrrpAssoIpAddrTable
-------------------
| if | VrId | IP | RowStat |
+----+------+-------+---------+
| | | | |
| I1 | 01 | A | active |
| | | | |
+----+------+-------+---------+
| | | | |
| I1 | 02 | B | active |
| | | | |
+----+------+-------+---------+
----- MIB Tables For VRRP Router "IP B": -----
vrrpOperTable
-------------
| if | VrId | State | Prior | AddrCnt | IpAddr | ... | RowStat |
+----+------+-------+-------+---------+--------+-( )-+---------+
| | | | | | | | |
| I2 | 01 | B | 1-254 | 1 | A | | active |
| | | | | | | | |
+----+------+-------+-------+---------+--------+-( )-+---------+
| | | | | | | | |
| I2 | 02 | M | 255 | 1 | B | | active |
| | | | | | | | |
+----+------+-------+-------+---------+--------+-( )-+---------+
vrrpAssoIpAddrTable
-------------------
| if | VrId | IP | RowStat |
+----+------+-------+---------+
| | | | |
| I2 | 01 | A | active |
| | | | |
+----+------+-------+---------+
| | | | |
| I2 | 02 | B | active |
| | | | |
+----+------+-------+---------+
Jewell & Chuang Standards Track [Page 7]
RFC 2787 VRRP MIB Management Objects March 2000
NOTES:
1) "I1" and "I2" are used to designate IF indices on each respective
router.
2) For "State": M = Master; B = Backup.
3) In the vrrpOperTable, a "priority" of 255 indicates that the
respective router owns the IP address, e.g., this IP address is
native to the router (i.e., "the IP Address Owner" [17]).
2.4.2. VRRP Scenario #2
The following figure shows a simple network with two virtual routers.
Here, a single interface has been configured with two IP addresses.
Again, addresses in () indicate the IP address of the default gateway
for a given host, H1 - H2.
VRID=1 VRID=2
+-----+ +-----+
| MR1 | | MR2 |
| & | | & |
| BR2 | | BR1 |
+-----+ +-----+
IP A ---------->* *<---------- IP B
IP C | | Interface=I2
Interface=I1 | |
| |
| |
------------------+------------+-----+--------+
^ ^
| |
(IP A) (IP B)
| |
+--+--+ +--+--+
| H1 | | H2 |
+-----+ +-----+
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