rfc2150.txt
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Network Working Group J. Max
Request for Comments: 2150 W. Stickle
FYI: 31 Rainfarm
Category: Informational October 1997
Humanities and Arts: Sharing Center Stage on the Internet
Status of this Memo
This memo provides information for the Internet community. It does
not specify an Internet standard of any kind. Distribution of this
memo is unlimited.
Abstract
This document is designed primarily for individuals who have limited
knowledge of, or experience with, the Internet.
The purpose of this document is to provide members of the Arts and
Humanities communities with an introduction to the Internet as a
valuable tool, resource, and medium for the creation, presentation,
and preservation of Arts and Humanities-based content.
The intended audience is practicing artists, scholars, related
professionals, and others whose knowledge, expertise and support is
important to ensuring that the Arts and Humanities are well-placed in
the global information infrastructure.
Table of Contents
1. Introduction............................................... 3
1.1 Definition of Arts and Humanities......................... 3
2. What does the Internet mean to the "Artist?"............... 4
2.1 Access to the Global Community............................ 5
2.2 Sharing Your Work and Collaborating with Others........... 6
2.3 Freely Available Software, and Other Information.......... 8
3. What is the Internet?...................................... 8
3.1 What is the World Wide Web?............................... 9
4. How does the Internet Work?................................ 10
4.1 Internet Addresses........................................ 11
4.1.1 Computer Addresses and Hostnames......................... 12
4.1.2 Addresses of People on the Internet...................... 12
4.1.3 Information Addresses, Locators, URLs.................... 13
4.2 How Does the World Wide Web Work?......................... 14
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RFC 2150 Humanities and Arts on the Internet October 1997
4.3 Other, Higher Level Protocols on the Internet............. 15
5. Forums..................................................... 16
5.1 Message Based Communications.............................. 16
5.1.1 Electronic Mail - email.................................. 17
5.1.2 Newsgroups............................................... 17
5.1.3 Electronic Bulletin Board System - BBS .................. 18
5.2 Real-Time Communications.................................. 19
5.2.1 Chat - IRC............................................... 19
5.2.2 Multicasting............................................. 20
5.2.3 MUD - Multi-User Dungeon................................. 20
5.2.4 Audio/Video Conferencing................................. 21
5.3 Archives.................................................. 22
5.3.1 Searching................................................ 22
6. Accessing the Internet..................................... 25
6.1 Internet Service Providers................................ 26
6.2 Computer Hardware and Software Tools...................... 26
6.3 Multimedia................................................ 31
7. Creating Content........................................... 32
7.1 Getting Help.............................................. 33
7.2 About File Formats........................................ 34
7.3 Creating Text and Hypertext Documents..................... 35
7.4 Creating Graphic and Moving Images........................ 35
7.4.1 Bitmap Image Formats..................................... 36
7.4.2 Vector Image Formats..................................... 37
7.4.3 Video Formats............................................ 37
7.5 Creating Music and Sound Files............................ 38
7.6 Content Design Issues..................................... 40
7.7 Publicizing Your Work..................................... 41
8. Issues and Challenges...................................... 42
8.1 Security Issues........................................... 43
8.2 Viruses................................................... 44
8.3 The Standard Disclaimer................................... 44
8.4 Copyrights and Intellectual Property Issues............... 45
8.4.1 Copyright................................................ 45
8.4.2 Trademark................................................ 46
8.4.3 Privacy.................................................. 47
8.4.4 Seek Professional Advice................................. 47
8.5 Conducting Business over the Internet..................... 47
8.6 Netiquette................................................ 48
9. Glossary................................................... 49
10. Resources, References, etc................................. 51
10.1 RFCs and Internet-Drafts.................................. 51
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RFC 2150 Humanities and Arts on the Internet October 1997
10.2 Internet Documents........................................ 52
10.3 Other Sources............................................. 53
10.4 Freely Available Web Browser Software..................... 54
10.5 The Internet Assigned Numbers Authority................... 54
11. Security Considerations.................................... 55
11.1 Formulate a security policy............................... 55
11.1.1 Talk to your Internet Service Provider................... 56
11.1.2 Make sure your systems are up to date.................... 56
11.1.3 Use the tools available.................................. 56
12. Acknowledgments............................................ 57
13. Authors' Addresses......................................... 57
Appendix A. Internet Projects of Interest to the
Arts and Humanities Communities..................... 58
Appendix B. Starting Points; A brief list of related sites...... 60
Appendix C. Examples for using the RFC server RFC-INFO@ISI.EDU.. 62
1. Introduction
This document has been structured to provide information about, and
examples of, the wide range of functions and capabilities available
on the Internet today. It is intended to illustrate the potential of
current networking technologies for personal and cultural growth.
Some basic functions of the Internet are described, along with their
applications and forums for building online communities of interest,
such as the World Wide Web, Email, and Network News.
This is followed by discussion and examples of hardware and software
being used to support the creation and presentation of artistic and
literary works, along with examples of how Arts and Humanities
content is being represented, stored, and retrieved on the Internet.
In addition to illustrating the great potential of the Internet, this
document provides a brief introduction to the issues and challenges
that affect the development and presentation of Arts and Humanities
content online, such as privacy and property rights.
Included is a brief Glossary, and a number of Appedices which provide
pointers to other sources of information about the Internet.
1.1 Definitions of Arts and Humanities
For purposes of this document the term "Arts" includes, but is not
limited to, dance, design arts, folk arts, literary arts, media and
film arts, music, theater, and visual arts.
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RFC 2150 Humanities and Arts on the Internet October 1997
The term "Humanities" includes, but is not limited to, the study of
the following: language, both modern and classical; linguistics;
literature; history; jurisprudence philosophy; archaeology;
comparative religion; ethics; the history, criticism and theory of
the arts; those aspects of social sciences which have humanistic
content and employ humanistic methods; and the study and application
of the humanities to the human environment.
For purposes of simplicity this document will use the word "Artist"
to mean both Artist and Humanist: "all practitioners who work in the
fields of the visual, performance, and literary arts, as well as
museum curators, librarians, and others who are involved in the
research, restoration, and presentation of that which comprises our
cultural heritage."
2. What does the Internet mean to the Artist?
The Internet is exerting a profound influence on our society. Even
now in its infancy, the effects of the Internet can be easily seen in
popular media as well as in the way we do business. But the most
dramatic influences are in the children who are now growing up with
the net. Many parents are aware of the influence television has over
their children. With the advent of WEB-TV, the Internet has begun to
assimilate Television, transforming it into something more powerful.
This coming integration of information, communication and
entertainment will play a major role in teaching and shaping the
minds of those who live and grow up with it.
Because of this power, it is critical that the best parts of human
culture are represented on the Internet. If we raise the Internet
right, it will return the favor by nurturing a generation that may
well grow up wiser than ourselves.
This is where artists are needed. Because the net is primarily built
and run by Scientists and Engineers who are creatures of mind, it is
the heart and soul of the Internet that is weak. Artists are the
heart and soul of human culture, and must bring the fruits of their
efforts to the net to give the net culture, and future generations
their essence of humanity.
If that does not convince you, we will also introduce you to some of
the many tools artists may use to exploit the net for their own
personal gain. As the online culture becomes a more balanced
representation of humanity, the net will become an essential tool for
collaboration, communication, and distribution of art and humanities
content. The day is coming where those who are not on the net will
be greatly handicapped in the expression and distribution of their
works.
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RFC 2150 Humanities and Arts on the Internet October 1997
The net is the new frontier for the growth of humanity. Can you
afford not to be involved?
2.1 Access to the Global Community
In the past, artist's audiences and collaborators were limited to the
people around them. Improvements in transportation and communication
have allowed these associations to expand, but even today few members
of the artistic community have gone global. The Internet changes all
this by allowing anyone access to a global community.
A great many arts institutions and organizations have now established
sites on the World Wide Web and a significant number of online
discussion groups focus on the arts and humanities. Consortiums of
museums and libraries are now using networking technologies to
support research and projects involving more effective ways to
collect, store, and disseminate objects of antiquity and other non-
textual primary sources, as well as textual sources.
Sites are also created by individuals and for institutions,
organizations, and businesses for reasons ranging from commerce to
simple self-expression. The Internet connects hundreds of countries,
thousands of cities, and countless groups and individuals around the
globe.
On the Internet today you can find information on topics ranging from
art and music to guns and ammunition; among which are astronomy,
news, astrology, agriculture, acupuncture, botany, biology, zoology,
food, psychology, medicine, space exploration, genetics, media,
chemistry, microbreweries, aeronautics, scuba diving, meteorology,
neurology, artificial intelligence, mathematics, literature, wine
tasting, law, painting, photography, dance, history, social sciences,
politics, crafts, clothing, economics, genealogy, pets, sports,
languages, dictionaries, encyclopedias, technical manuals, schools,
shops, entertainment, furniture, flowers, software, hardware,
computers and the Internet, just to name a few. Whatever your work
requires, whatever your whim desires, you can find it on the net.
People all around the world will be looking for what they want on the
net, and if you have what they want, then through the magic of the
Internet, you are their next door neighbor.
With access to the Internet, the world is at your fingertips. Bring
your questions on health, the environment, government, and religion,
and look though volumes of documentation on your concerns, or discuss
your questions with others electronically. Once you get used to it,
you will even be downloading more information and tools to assist you
further.
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