rfc3187.txt

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   rights associated with objects identified by the ISBNs are also
   beyond the scope of this document, as are questions about rights to
   the databases that might be used to construct resolvers.

5. Namespace registration

   URN Namespace ID Registration for the International Standard Book
   Number (ISBN)

   This registration describes how International Standard Book Numbers
   (ISBN) can be supported within the URN framework.

   Namespace ID:

   ISBN

   This Namespace ID is the same as the internationally known acronym
   for the International Standard Book Number.  Giving NID "ISBN" to any
   other identifier system would cause a lot of confusion.

   Registration Information:

   Version: 1
   Date: 2001-01-25



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   Declared registrant of the namespace:

   Name: Hartmut Walravens
   E-mail: [e-mail]
   Affiliation: Director, The International ISBN Agency
   Address: Staatsbibliothek zu Berlin - Preussischer Kulturbesitz -
   D-10772 Berlin, Germany

   Declaration of syntactic structure:

   An ISBN is a ten-digit number (actually, the last digit can be the
   letter "X" as well, as described below) which is divided into four
   variable length parts usually separated by hyphens when printed.  The
   parts are as follows (in this order):

   *  a group identifier which specifies a group of publishers, based on
      national, geographic or some other criteria,

   *  the publisher identifier,

   *  the title identifier,

   *  and a modulus 11 check digit, using X instead of 10.

   Example:

   URN:ISBN:0-395-36341-1

   Relevant ancillary documentation:

   The ISBN (International Standard Book Number) is a unique machine-
   readable identification number, which marks any edition of a book
   unambiguously.  This number is defined in ISO Standard 2108.  The
   number has been in use now for 30 years and has revolutionised the
   international book-trade.  154 countries are officially ISBN members,
   and more countries are joining the system.

   The administration of the ISBN system is carried out on three levels:

      International agency
      Group agencies
      Publisher levels

   The International ISBN agency is located within the State Library
   Berlin.  The main functions of the International ISBN Agency are:

   *  To promote, co-ordinate and supervise the world-wide use of the
      ISBN system.



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   *  To approve the definition and structure of group agencies.

   *  To allocate group identifiers to group agencies.

   *  To advise on the establishment and functioning of group agencies.

   *  To advise group agencies on the allocation of international
      publisher identifiers.

   *  To publish the assigned group numbers and publishers prefixes in
      up-to-date form.

   More information about ISBN usage can be found from the ISBN Users'
   Manual.  4th edition of this document is available at
   http://www.isbn.spk-berlin.de/html/userman.htm.

   Identifier uniqueness considerations:

   ISBN that has been assigned once should never be re-used.
   Nevertheless, publishers do occasionally re-use the same number.
   From the point of the URN resolution system proposed here, this will
   typically cause retrieval of two bibliographic records.  A user can
   choose the correct publication using the data in the record, such as
   the author or title.

   Incorrect ISBNs are routinely corrected in national bibliographies
   and Books in Print catalogue.

   Identifier persistence considerations:

   The ISBN accompanies a publication from its production onwards.  It
   is persistent; ISBN once given - if correct - will never leave the
   publication.

   Identifier assignment process:

   Assignment of ISBNs is always controlled by ISBN group agencies,
   which are often national and quite frequently located in the national
   libraries.  Publishers are usually given blocks of ISBNs, from which
   they pick identifiers for their newly published items.

   As pointed out earlier, in spite of the common rules of how to use
   ISBNs, there is some variation between different publishers in ISBN
   assignment.  In practice these differences are so small that they do
   not pose a threat to the usability of the ISBN system.






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   Identifier resolution process:

   URNs based on ISBNs will be primarily resolved via the national
   bibliography databases.  Since ISBN group agencies are as a rule
   located in national libraries, the national bibliography databases
   cover almost every publication which does have an ISBN.

   If group identifier does not define a country but a language area
   there may be many countries using the same group identifier.  In such
   cases, the International ISBN Agency has divided publisher
   identifiers into ranges assigned to each country within the group.
   The appropriate resolution service can be found by using the group
   identifier and publisher identifier information.  Alternatively a
   cascade of national bibliographies can be defined.

   Resolution carried out in national bibliography databases may be
   complemented by so called union catalogues, which contain huge amount
   of bibliographic data (up to 42 million records).  This complementary
   service is only needed if the ISBN group identifier information is
   misleading.  This is not common.

   The International ISBN Agency maintains a list of publishers who have
   been assigned a publisher identifier within the ISBN system.  The
   publisher identifier may be used to allow participation of resolution
   services maintained by publishers into the URN resolution system for
   ISBN.

   Rules for Lexical Equivalence:

   For the ISBN namespace, some additional equivalence rules are
   appropriate.  Prior to comparing two ISBN URNs for equivalence, it is
   appropriate to remove all hyphens, and to convert any occurrences of
   the letter X to upper case.

   Conformance with URN Syntax:

   Embedding ISBNs within the URN framework presents no particular
   encoding problems, since all of the characters that can appear in an
   ISBN are valid in the identifier segment of the URN %-encoding, as
   described in [MOATS] is never needed.

      Example: URN:ISBN:0-395-36341-1

   Validation mechanism:

   Validity of an ISBN string can be checked by modulus 11 check digit,
   included in the ISBN.  X is used instead of 10.




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   Validity of ISBN assignments can be checked from the group agencies
   or directly from the publisher.

   Scope:

   Global.

6. References

   [Daigle] Daigle, L., van Gulik, D., Iannella, R. and P. Faltstrom,
            "URN Namespace Definition Mechanisms", RFC 2611, June 1999.

   [Lynch]  Lynch, C., Preston, C. and R. Daniel, "Using Existing
            Bibliographic Identifiers as Uniform Resource Names", RFC
            2288, February 1998.

   [Moats]  Moats, R., "URN Syntax", RFC 2141, May 1997.

7. Authors' Addresses

   Juha Hakala
   Helsinki University Library - The National Library of Finland
   P.O. Box 26
   FIN-00014 Helsinki University
   FINLAND

   EMail: [e-mail]


   Hartmut Walravens
   The International ISBN agency
   Staatsbibliothek zu Berlin - Preussischer Kulturbesitz -
   D-10772 Berlin
   GERMANY

   EMail: [e-mail]















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8. Full Copyright Statement

   Copyright (C) The Internet Society (2001).  All Rights Reserved.

   This document and translations of it may be copied and furnished to
   others, and derivative works that comment on or otherwise explain it
   or assist in its implementation may be prepared, copied, published
   and distributed, in whole or in part, without restriction of any
   kind, provided that the above copyright notice and this paragraph are
   included on all such copies and derivative works.  However, this
   document itself may not be modified in any way, such as by removing
   the copyright notice or references to the Internet Society or other
   Internet organizations, except as needed for the purpose of
   developing Internet standards in which case the procedures for
   copyrights defined in the Internet Standards process must be
   followed, or as required to translate it into languages other than
   English.

   The limited permissions granted above are perpetual and will not be
   revoked by the Internet Society or its successors or assigns.

   This document and the information contained herein is provided on an
   "AS IS" basis and THE INTERNET SOCIETY AND THE INTERNET ENGINEERING
   TASK FORCE DISCLAIMS ALL WARRANTIES, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING
   BUT NOT LIMITED TO ANY WARRANTY THAT THE USE OF THE INFORMATION
   HEREIN WILL NOT INFRINGE ANY RIGHTS OR ANY IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF
   MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.

Acknowledgement

   Funding for the RFC Editor function is currently provided by the
   Internet Society.



















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