rfc2812.txt
来自「RFC 的详细文档！」· 文本 代码 · 共 1,748 行 · 第 1/5 页
TXT
1,748 行
Network Working Group C. Kalt
Request for Comments: 2812 April 2000
Updates: 1459
Category: Informational
Internet Relay Chat: Client Protocol
Status of this Memo
This memo provides information for the Internet community. It does
not specify an Internet standard of any kind. Distribution of this
memo is unlimited.
Copyright Notice
Copyright (C) The Internet Society (2000). All Rights Reserved.
IESG NOTE:
The IRC protocol itself enables several possibilities of transferring
data between clients, and just like with other transfer mechanisms
like email, the receiver of the data has to be careful about how the
data is handled. For more information on security issues with the IRC
protocol, see for example http://www.irchelp.org/irchelp/security/.
Abstract
The IRC (Internet Relay Chat) protocol is for use with text based
conferencing; the simplest client being any socket program capable of
connecting to the server.
This document defines the Client Protocol, and assumes that the
reader is familiar with the IRC Architecture [IRC-ARCH].
Table of Contents
1. Labels ..................................................... 3
1.1 Servers ................................................ 3
1.2 Clients ................................................ 3
1.2.1 Users ............................................. 4
1.2.1.1 Operators .................................... 4
1.2.2 Services .......................................... 4
1.3 Channels ............................................... 4
2. The IRC Client Specification ............................... 5
2.1 Overview ............................................... 5
2.2 Character codes ........................................ 5
2.3 Messages ............................................... 5
Kalt Informational [Page 1]
RFC 2812 Internet Relay Chat: Client Protocol April 2000
2.3.1 Message format in Augmented BNF ................... 6
2.4 Numeric replies ........................................ 8
2.5 Wildcard expressions ................................... 9
3. Message Details ............................................ 9
3.1 Connection Registration ................................ 10
3.1.1 Password message .................................. 10
3.1.2 Nick message ...................................... 10
3.1.3 User message ...................................... 11
3.1.4 Oper message ...................................... 12
3.1.5 User mode message ................................. 12
3.1.6 Service message ................................... 13
3.1.7 Quit .............................................. 14
3.1.8 Squit ............................................. 15
3.2 Channel operations ..................................... 15
3.2.1 Join message ...................................... 16
3.2.2 Part message ...................................... 17
3.2.3 Channel mode message .............................. 18
3.2.4 Topic message ..................................... 19
3.2.5 Names message ..................................... 20
3.2.6 List message ...................................... 21
3.2.7 Invite message .................................... 21
3.2.8 Kick command ...................................... 22
3.3 Sending messages ....................................... 23
3.3.1 Private messages .................................. 23
3.3.2 Notice ............................................ 24
3.4 Server queries and commands ............................ 25
3.4.1 Motd message ...................................... 25
3.4.2 Lusers message .................................... 25
3.4.3 Version message ................................... 26
3.4.4 Stats message ..................................... 26
3.4.5 Links message ..................................... 27
3.4.6 Time message ...................................... 28
3.4.7 Connect message ................................... 28
3.4.8 Trace message ..................................... 29
3.4.9 Admin command ..................................... 30
3.4.10 Info command ...................................... 31
3.5 Service Query and Commands ............................. 31
3.5.1 Servlist message .................................. 31
3.5.2 Squery ............................................ 32
3.6 User based queries ..................................... 32
3.6.1 Who query ......................................... 32
3.6.2 Whois query ....................................... 33
3.6.3 Whowas ............................................ 34
3.7 Miscellaneous messages ................................. 34
3.7.1 Kill message ...................................... 35
3.7.2 Ping message ...................................... 36
3.7.3 Pong message ...................................... 37
3.7.4 Error ............................................. 37
Kalt Informational [Page 2]
RFC 2812 Internet Relay Chat: Client Protocol April 2000
4. Optional features .......................................... 38
4.1 Away ................................................... 38
4.2 Rehash message ......................................... 39
4.3 Die message ............................................ 39
4.4 Restart message ........................................ 40
4.5 Summon message ......................................... 40
4.6 Users .................................................. 41
4.7 Operwall message ....................................... 41
4.8 Userhost message ....................................... 42
4.9 Ison message ........................................... 42
5. Replies .................................................... 43
5.1 Command responses ...................................... 43
5.2 Error Replies .......................................... 53
5.3 Reserved numerics ...................................... 59
6. Current implementations .................................... 60
7. Current problems ........................................... 60
7.1 Nicknames .............................................. 60
7.2 Limitation of wildcards ................................ 61
7.3 Security considerations ................................ 61
8. Current support and availability ........................... 61
9. Acknowledgements ........................................... 61
10. References ................................................ 62
11. Author's Address .......................................... 62
12. Full Copyright Statement .................................. 63
1. Labels
This section defines the identifiers used for the various components
of the IRC protocol.
1.1 Servers
Servers are uniquely identified by their name, which has a maximum
length of sixty three (63) characters. See the protocol grammar
rules (section 2.3.1) for what may and may not be used in a server
name.
1.2 Clients
For each client all servers MUST have the following information: a
netwide unique identifier (whose format depends on the type of
client) and the server which introduced the client.
Kalt Informational [Page 3]
RFC 2812 Internet Relay Chat: Client Protocol April 2000
1.2.1 Users
Each user is distinguished from other users by a unique nickname
having a maximum length of nine (9) characters. See the protocol
grammar rules (section 2.3.1) for what may and may not be used in a
nickname.
While the maximum length is limited to nine characters, clients
SHOULD accept longer strings as they may become used in future
evolutions of the protocol.
1.2.1.1 Operators
To allow a reasonable amount of order to be kept within the IRC
network, a special class of users (operators) is allowed to perform
general maintenance functions on the network. Although the powers
granted to an operator can be considered as 'dangerous', they are
nonetheless often necessary. Operators SHOULD be able to perform
basic network tasks such as disconnecting and reconnecting servers as
needed. In recognition of this need, the protocol discussed herein
provides for operators only to be able to perform such functions.
See sections 3.1.8 (SQUIT) and 3.4.7 (CONNECT).
A more controversial power of operators is the ability to remove a
user from the connected network by 'force', i.e., operators are able
to close the connection between any client and server. The
justification for this is very delicate since its abuse is both
destructive and annoying, and its benefits close to inexistent. For
further details on this type of action, see section 3.7.1 (KILL).
1.2.2 Services
Each service is distinguished from other services by a service name
composed of a nickname and a server name. As for users, the nickname
has a maximum length of nine (9) characters. See the protocol
grammar rules (section 2.3.1) for what may and may not be used in a
nickname.
1.3 Channels
Channels names are strings (beginning with a '&', '#', '+' or '!'
character) of length up to fifty (50) characters. Apart from the
requirement that the first character is either '&', '#', '+' or '!',
the only restriction on a channel name is that it SHALL NOT contain
any spaces (' '), a control G (^G or ASCII 7), a comma (','). Space
is used as parameter separator and command is used as a list item
separator by the protocol). A colon (':') can also be used as a
delimiter for the channel mask. Channel names are case insensitive.
Kalt Informational [Page 4]
RFC 2812 Internet Relay Chat: Client Protocol April 2000
See the protocol grammar rules (section 2.3.1) for the exact syntax
of a channel name.
Each prefix characterizes a different channel type. The definition
of the channel types is not relevant to the client-server protocol
and thus it is beyond the scope of this document. More details can
be found in "Internet Relay Chat: Channel Management" [IRC-CHAN].
2. The IRC Client Specification
2.1 Overview
The protocol as described herein is for use only with client to
server connections when the client registers as a user.
2.2 Character codes
No specific character set is specified. The protocol is based on a
set of codes which are composed of eight (8) bits, making up an
octet. Each message may be composed of any number of these octets;
however, some octet values are used for control codes, which act as
message delimiters.
Regardless of being an 8-bit protocol, the delimiters and keywords
are such that protocol is mostly usable from US-ASCII terminal and a
telnet connection.
Because of IRC's Scandinavian origin, the characters {}|^ are
considered to be the lower case equivalents of the characters []\~,
respectively. This is a critical issue when determining the
equivalence of two nicknames or channel names.
2.3 Messages
Servers and clients send each other messages, which may or may not
generate a reply. If the message contains a valid command, as
described in later sections, the client should expect a reply as
specified but it is not advised to wait forever for the reply; client
to server and server to server communication is essentially
asynchronous by nature.
Each IRC message may consist of up to three main parts: the prefix
(OPTIONAL), the command, and the command parameters (maximum of
fifteen (15)). The prefix, command, and all parameters are separated
by one ASCII space character (0x20) each.
Kalt Informational [Page 5]
RFC 2812 Internet Relay Chat: Client Protocol April 2000
The presence of a prefix is indicated with a single leading ASCII
colon character (':', 0x3b), which MUST be the first character of the
message itself. There MUST be NO gap (whitespace) between the colon
and the prefix. The prefix is used by servers to indicate the true
origin of the message. If the prefix is missing from the message, it
is assumed to have originated from the connection from which it was
received from. Clients SHOULD NOT use a prefix when sending a
message; if they use one, the only valid prefix is the registered
nickname associated with the client.
The command MUST either be a valid IRC command or a three (3) digit
number represented in ASCII text.
IRC messages are always lines of characters terminated with a CR-LF
(Carriage Return - Line Feed) pair, and these messages SHALL NOT
exceed 512 characters in length, counting all characters including
the trailing CR-LF. Thus, there are 510 characters maximum allowed
for the command and its parameters. There is no provision for
continuation of message lines. See section 6 for more details about
current implementations.
2.3.1 Message format in Augmented BNF
The protocol messages must be extracted from the contiguous stream of
octets. The current solution is to designate two characters, CR and
LF, as message separators. Empty messages are silently ignored,
which permits use of the sequence CR-LF between messages without
extra problems.
The extracted message is parsed into the components <prefix>,
<command> and list of parameters (<params>).
The Augmented BNF representation for this is:
message = [ ":" prefix SPACE ] command [ params ] crlf
prefix = servername / ( nickname [ [ "!" user ] "@" host ] )
command = 1*letter / 3digit
params = *14( SPACE middle ) [ SPACE ":" trailing ]
=/ 14( SPACE middle ) [ SPACE [ ":" ] trailing ]
nospcrlfcl = %x01-09 / %x0B-0C / %x0E-1F / %x21-39 / %x3B-FF
; any octet except NUL, CR, LF, " " and ":"
middle = nospcrlfcl *( ":" / nospcrlfcl )
trailing = *( ":" / " " / nospcrlfcl )
SPACE = %x20 ; space character
crlf = %x0D %x0A ; "carriage return" "linefeed"
Kalt Informational [Page 6]
RFC 2812 Internet Relay Chat: Client Protocol April 2000
NOTES:
1) After extracting the parameter list, all parameters are equal
whether matched by <middle> or <trailing>. <trailing> is just a
syntactic trick to allow SPACE within the parameter.
2) The NUL (%x00) character is not special in message framing, and
basically could end up inside a parameter, but it would cause
extra complexities in normal C string handling. Therefore, NUL
⌨️ 快捷键说明
复制代码Ctrl + C
搜索代码Ctrl + F
全屏模式F11
增大字号Ctrl + =
减小字号Ctrl + -
显示快捷键?