rfc1347.ps

RFC 的详细文档！

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(TCP and UDP with Bigger Addresses \(TUBA\),                                    ) h
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(A Simple Proposal for Internet Addressing and Routing) h
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n 0.778 o f
(Status of the Memo) h
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233.3 0 32 (This memo provides information for the Internet community. It does not specify an Internet  ) W
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(standard. Distribution of this memo is unlimited.) h
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(1 ) h
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(Summary) h
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293.5 0 32 (The Internet is approaching a situation in which the current IP address space is no longer       ) W
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28.2 0 32 (adequate for global addressing and routing. This is causing problems including: \(i\) Internet back\255) W
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21.5 0 32 (bones and regionals are suffering from the need to maintain large amounts of routing information) W
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50.1 0 32 (which is growing rapidly in size \(approximately doubling each year\); \(ii\) The Internet is running) W
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41.3 0 32 (out of IP network numbers to assign. There is an urgent need to develop and deploy an approach) W
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150.0 0 32 (to addressing and routing which solves these problems and allows scaling to several orders of) W
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155.9 0 32 (magnitude larger than the existing Internet. However, it is necessary for any change to be de\255) W
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105.7 0 32 (ployed in an incremental manner, allowing graceful transition from the current Internet without) W
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(disruption of service. [1]) h
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87.2 0 32 (This paper describes a simple proposal which provides a long\255term solution to Internet address\255) W
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4.7 0 32 (ing, routing, and scaling. This involves a gradual migration from the current Internet Suite \(which) W
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27.0 0 32 (is based on Internet applications, running over TCP or UDP, running over IP\) to an updated suite) W
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138.1 0 32 (\(based on the same Internet applications, running over TCP or UDP, running over CLNP [2]\).) W
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(This approach is known as "TUBA" \(TCP & UDP with Bigger Addresses\).) h
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19.2 0 32 (This paper describes a proposal for how transition may be accomplished. Description of the man\255) W
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28.4 0 32 (ner in which use of CLNP, NSAP addresses, and related network/Internet layer protocols \(ES\255IS,) W
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139.9 0 32 (IS\255IS, and IDRP\) allow scaling to a very large ubiquitous worldwide Internet is outside of the) W
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(scope of this paper.) h
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33.3 0 32 (Originally, it was thought that any practical proposal needed to address the immediate short\255term) W
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125.9 0 32 (problem of routing information explosion \(in addition to the long\255term problem of scaling to a) W
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116.8 0 32 (worldwide Internet\). Given the current problems caused by excessive routing information in IP) W
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33.4 0 32 (backbones, this could require older IP\255based systems to talk to other older IP\255based systems over) W
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52.4 0 32 (intervening Internet backbones which did not support IP. This in turn would require either trans\255) W
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193.4 0 32 (lation of IP packets into CLNP packets and vice versa, or encapsulation of IP packets inside) W
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176.3 0 32 (CLNP packets. However, other shorter\255term techniques \(for example [3]\) have been proposed) W
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4.7 0 32 (which will allow the Internet to operate successfully for several years using the current IP address) W
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47.8 0 32 (space. This in turn allows more time for IP\255to\255CLNP migration, which in turn allows for a much) W
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(simpler migration technique.) h
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131.1 0 32 (The TUBA proposal therefore makes use of a simple long\255term migration proposal based on a) W
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116.9 0 32 (gradual update of Internet Hosts \(to run Internet applications over CLNP\) and DNS servers \(to) W
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151.6 0 32 (return larger addresses\). This proposal requires routers to be updated to support forwarding of) W
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61.5 0 32 (CLNP \(in addition to IP\). However, this proposal does ) W
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61.5 0 32 (not) W
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61.5 0 32 ( require encapsulation ) W
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61.5 0 32 (nor) W
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61.5 0 32 ( translation) W
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n 1.167 o f
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(DEC) h
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(June 1992) h
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(Network Working Group) h
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(Request for Comments: 1347) h
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(TUBA: A Proposal for Addressing and Routing            ) h
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(June 1992) h
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143.3 0 32 (of packets ) W
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143.3 0 32 (nor) W
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143.3 0 32 ( address mapping. IP addresses and NSAP addresses may be assigned and used) W
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18.2 0 32 (independently during the migration period. Routing and forwarding of IP and CLNP packets may) W
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(be done independently.) h
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8.9 0 32 (This paper provides a draft overview of TUBA. The detailed operation of TUBA has been left for) W
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(further study.) h
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/Times-Bold-ISOLatin1 F 1400 o f
(2 ) h
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(Long\255Term Goal of TUBA) h
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/Times-Roman-ISOLatin1 F 1200 o f
154.6 0 32 (This proposal seeks to take advantage of the success of the Internet Suite, the greatest part of) W
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56.6 0 32 (which is probably the use of IP itself. IP offers a ubiquitous network service, based on datagram) W
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128.2 0 32 (\(connectionless\) operation, and on globally significant IP addresses which are structured to aid) W
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8.6 0 32 (routing. Unfortunately, the limited 32\255bit IP address is gradually becoming inadequate for routing) W
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60.5 0 32 (and addressing in a global Internet. Scaling to the anticipated future size of the worldwide Inter\255) W
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(net requires much larger addresses allowing a multi\255level hierarchical address assignment.) h
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100.4 0 32 (If we had the luxury of starting over from scratch, most likely we would base the Internet on a) W
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175.7 0 32 (new datagram internet protocol with much larger multi\255level addresses. In principle, there are) W
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88.6 0 32 (many choices available for a new datagram internet protocol. For example, the current IP could) W
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95.9 0 32 (be augmented by addition of larger addresses, or a new protocol could be developed. However,) W
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77.5 0 32 (the development, standardization, implementation, testing, debugging and deployment ) W
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77.5 0 32 ( ) W
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77.5 0 32 (of a new) W
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231.3 0 32 (protocol \(as well as associated routing and host\255to\255router protocols\) would take a very large) W
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49.4 0 32 (amount of time and energy, and is not guaranteed to lead to success. In addition, there is already) W
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15.8 0 32 (such a protocol available. In particular, the ConnectionLess Network Protocol \(CLNP [1]\) is very) W
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55.1 0 32 (similar to IP, and offers the required datagram service and address flexibility. CLNP is currently) W
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31.4 0 32 (being deployed in the Internet backbones and regionals, and is available in vendor products. This) W
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98.2 0 32 (proposal does not actually require use of CLNP \(the main content of this proposal is a graceful) W
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41.2 0 32 (migration path from the current IP to a new IP offering a larger address space\), but use of CLNP) W
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(will be assumed.) h
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50.2 0 32 (This proposal seeks to minimize the risk associated with migration to a new IP address space. In) W
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89.0 0 32 (addition, this proposal is motivated by the requirement to allow the Internet to scale, which im\255) W
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157.6 0 32 (plies use of Internet applications in a ) W
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157.6 0 32 (very) W
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157.6 0 32 ( large ubiquitous worldwide Internet. It is therefore) W
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9.5 0 32 (proposed that existing Internet transport and application protocols continue to operate unchanged,) W
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167.4 0 32 (except for the replacement of 32\255bit IP addresses with larger addresses. The use of larger ad\255) W
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67.2 0 32 (dresses will have some effect on applications, particularly on the Domain Name Service. TUBA) W
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141.8 0 32 (does not mean having to move over to OSI completely. It would mean only replacing IP with) W
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(CLNP. TCP, UDP, and the traditional TCP/IP applications would run on top of CLNP.) h
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0.3 0 32 (The long term goal of the TUBA proposal involves transition to a worldwide Internet which oper\255) W
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64.9 0 32 (ates much as the current Internet, but with CLNP replacing IP and with NSAP addresses replac\255) W
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79.4 0 32 (ing IP addresses. Operation of this updated protocol suite will be very similar to the current op\255) W
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113.4 0 32 (eration. For example, in order to initiate communication with another host, a host will obtain a) W
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224.7 0 32 (internet address in the same manner that it normally does, except that the address would be) W
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80.6 0 32 (larger. In many or most cases, this implies that the host would contact the DNS server, obtain a) W
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62.4 0 32 (mapping from the known DNS name to an internet address, and send application packets encap\255) W
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59.0 0 32 (sulated in TCP or UDP, which are in turn encapsulated in CLNP. This long term goal requires a) W
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77.4 0 32 (specification for how TCP and UDP are run over CLNP. Similarly, DNS servers need to be up\255) W
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133.7 0 32 (dated to deal with NSAP addresses, and routers need to be updated to forward CLNP packets.) W
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(This proposal does not involve any wider\255spread migration to OSI protocols.) h
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(June 1992) h
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33.5 0 32 (TUBA does not actually depend upon DNS for its operation. Any method that is used for obtain\255) W
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29.8 0 32 (ing Internet addresses may be updated to be able to return larger \(NSAP\) addresses, and then can) W
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(be used with TUBA.) h
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(Migration) h
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40.6 0 32 (Figure 1 illustrates the basic operation of TUBA. Illustrated is a single Internet Routing Domain,) W
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148.7 0 32 (which is also interconnected with Internet backbones and/or regionals. Illustrated are two "up\255) W
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76.3 0 32 (dated" Internet Hosts N1 and N2, as well as two older hosts H1 and H2, plus a DNS server and ) W
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133.7 0 32 (two border routers. It is assumed that the routers internal to the routing domain are capable of) W
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107.4 0 32 (forwarding both IP and CLNP traffic \(this could be done either by using multi\255protocol routers) W
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(which can forward both protocol suites, or by using a different set of routers for each suite\).) h
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(Figure 1 \255 ) h
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