rfc2235.txt

RFC 的详细文档！

          to register with the state
        - New Zealand: classifies computer disks as "publications" that
          can be censored and seized
        - source: Human Rights Watch

     vBNS additions: Baylor College of Medicine, Georgia Tech, Iowa
     State Univ, Ohio State Univ, Old Dominion Univ, Univ of CA, Univ of
     CO, Univ of Chicago, Univ of IL, Univ of MN, Univ of PA, Univ of
     TX, Rice Univ

     CERT advisories: 27, reports: 2573






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     Country domains registered: Qatar (QA), Vientiane (LA), Djibouti
     (DJ), Niger (NE), Central African Republic (CF), Mauretania (MF),
     Oman (OM), Norfolk Island (NF), Tuvalu (TV), French Polynesia (PF),
     Syria (SY), Aruba (AW), Cambodia (KH), French Guiana (GF), Eritrea
     (ER), Cape Verde (CV), Burundi (BI), Benin (BJ) Bosnia-Hercegovina
     (BA), Andorra (AD), Guadeloupe (GP), Guernsey (GG), Isle of Man
     (IM), Jersey (JE), Lao (LA), Maldives (MV), Marshall Islands (MH),
     Mauritania (MR), Northern Mariana Islands (MP), Rwanda (RW), Togo
     (TG), Yemen (YE), Zaire (ZR)

     Technologies of the Year: Search engines, JAVA, Internet Phone
     Emerging Technologies: Virtual environments (VRML), Collaborative
     tools, Internet appliance (Network Computer)

1997
     2000th RFC: "Internet Official Protocol Standards"

     71,618 mailing lists registered at Liszt, a mailing list directory

     The American Registry for Internet Numbers (ARIN) is established to
     handle administration and registration of IP numbers to the
     geographical areas currently handled by Network Solutions
     (InterNIC), starting March 1998.

     Early in the morning of 17 July, human error at Network Solutions
     causes the DNS table for .com and .net domains to become corrupted,
     making millions of systems unreachable.

     Longest hostname registered with InterNIC:
     CHALLENGER.MED.SYNAPSE.UAH.UALBERTA.CA

     101,803 Name Servers in whois database

     CERT advisories thus far: 23

     Country domains registered: Falkland Islands (FK), East Timor (TP),
     Congo (CG), Christmas Island (CX), Gambia (GM), Guinea-Bissau (GW),
     Haiti (HT), Iraq (IQ), Lybia (LY), Malawi (MW), Martinique (MQ),
     Montserrat (MS), Myanmar (MM), French Reunion Island (RE),
     Seychelles (SC), Sierra Leone (SL), Sudan (SD), Turkmenistan (TM),
     Turks and Caicos Islands (TC), British Virgin Islands (VG)

     Technologies of the Year: Push, Multicasting Emerging Technologies:
     Push, Streaming Media [:twc:]

   ---------------------------------------------------------------------





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                                  Growth

Internet growth:

   Date       Hosts       |     Date       Hosts     Networks   Domains
   -----    ---------     +     -----    ---------   --------  ---------
    1969            4     |     07/89      130,000        650      3,900
   04/71           23     |     10/89      159,000        837
   06/74           62     |     10/90      313,000      2,063      9,300
   03/77          111     |     01/91      376,000      2,338
   08/81          213     |     07/91      535,000      3,086     16,000
   05/82          235     |     10/91      617,000      3,556     18,000
   08/83          562     |     01/92      727,000      4,526
   10/84        1,024     |     04/92      890,000      5,291     20,000
   10/85        1,961     |     07/92      992,000      6,569     16,300
   02/86        2,308     |     10/92    1,136,000      7,505     18,100
   11/86        5,089     |     01/93    1,313,000      8,258     21,000
   12/87       28,174     |     04/93    1,486,000      9,722     22,000
   07/88       33,000     |     07/93    1,776,000     13,767     26,000
   10/88       56,000     |     10/93    2,056,000     16,533     28,000
   01/89       80,000     |     01/94    2,217,000     20,539     30,000
                          |     07/94    3,212,000     25,210     46,000
                          |     10/94    3,864,000     37,022     56,000
                          |     01/95    4,852,000     39,410     71,000
                          |     07/95    6,642,000     61,538    120,000
                          |     01/96    9,472,000     93,671    240,000
                          |     07/96   12,881,000    134,365    488,000
                          |     01/97   16,146,000               828,000
                          |     07/97   19,540,000             1,301,000


Worldwide Networks Growth: (I)nternet (B)ITNET (U)UCP (F)IDONET (O)SI

           ____# Countries____                       ____# Countries____
   Date     I   B   U   F   O                Date     I   B   U   F   O
   -----   --- --- --- --- ---               -----   --- --- --- --- ---
   09/91    31  47  79  49                   02/94    62  51 125  88  31
   12/91    33  46  78  53                   07/94    75  52 129  89  31
   02/92    38  46  92  63                   11/94    81  51 133  95  --
   04/92    40  47  90  66  25               02/95    86  48 141  98  --
   08/92    49  46  89  67  26               06/95    96  47 144  99  --
   01/93    50  50 101  72  31               06/96   134  -- 146 108  --
   04/93    56  51 107  79  31               07/97   171  -- 147 108  --
   08/93    59  51 117  84  31







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WWW Growth:

   Date     Sites     |   Date     Sites     |   Date     Sites
   -----  ----------  +   -----  ----------  +   -----  ----------
   06/93         130  |   08/96     342,081  |   04/97   1,002,612
   12/93         623  |   09/96     397,281  |   05/97   1,044,163
   06/94       2,738  |   10/96     462,047  |   06/97   1,117,255
   12/94      10,022  |   11/96     525,906  |   07/97   1,203,096
   06/95      23,500  |   12/96     603,367  |   08/97   1,269,800
   01/96     100,000  |   01/97     646,162  |   09/97   1,364,714
   06/96     252,000  |   02/97     739,688  |
   07/96     299,403  |   03/97     883,149  |


USENET Growth:

Date  Sites  ~MB  ~Posts  Groups  |  Date   Sites   ~MB   ~Posts  Groups
----  -----  ---  ------  ------  +  ----  -------  ---   ------  ------
1979      3            2       3  |  1987    5,200    2      957     259
1980     15           10          |  1988    7,800    4     1933     381
1981    150  0.05     20          |  1990   33,000   10    4,500   1,300
1982    400           35          |  1991   40,000   25   10,000   1,851
1983    600          120          |  1992   63,000   42   17,556   4,302
1984    900          225          |  1993  110,000   70   32,325   8,279
1985  1,300  1.0     375          |  1994  180,000  157   72,755  10,696
1986  2,200  2.0     946     241  |  1995  330,000  586  131,614

      ~ approximate: MB - megabytes per day, Posts - articles per day

---------------------------------------------------------------------

3. Sources

     Hobbes' Internet Timeline was compiled from a number of sources,
     with some of the stand-outs being:

     Cerf, Vinton (as told to Bernard Aboba). "How the Internet Came to
     Be." This article appears in "The Online User's Encyclopedia," by
     Bernard Aboba.  Addison-Wesley, 1993.

     Hardy, Henry. "The History of the Net."  Master's Thesis, School of
     Communications, Grand Valley State University.
     http://www.ocean.ic.net/ftp/doc/nethist.html

     Hardy, Ian.  "The Evolution of ARPANET email." History Thesis, UC
     Berkeley.
     http://server.berkeley.edu/virtual-berkeley/email_history




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     Hauben, Ronda and Michael. "The Netizens and the Wonderful World of
     the Net."
     http://www.columbia.edu/~hauben/netbook/

     Kulikowski, Stan II. "A Timeline of Network History." (author's
     email below)

     Quarterman, John. "The Matrix: Computer Networks and Conferencing
     Systems Worldwide."  Bedford, MA: Digital Press. 1990

     "ARPANET, the Defense Data Network, and Internet".  Encyclopedia of
     Communications, Volume 1.  Editors: Fritz Froehlich, Allen Kent.
     New York: Marcel Dekker, Inc. 1991

     Internet growth summary compiled from:
       - zone program reports maintained by Mark Lottor at:
             ftp://ftp.nw.com/pub/zone/
       - connectivity table maintained by Larry Landweber at:
             ftp://ftp.cs.wisc.edu/connectivity_table/

     WWW growth summary compiled from:
       - Web growth summary page by Matthew Gray of MIT:
            http://www.mit.edu/people/mkgray/net/web-growth-summary.html
       - Netcraft at http://www.netcraft.com/survey/

     USENET growth summary compiled from Quarterman and Hauben sources
     above, and news.lists postings.  Lots of historical USENET postings
     also provided by Tom Fitzgerald ([e-mail]).

     Related Timelines:
       - DNS: http://www.wia.org/dns-law/pub/timeline.html"
       - JAVA: http://java.sun.com/events/jibe/timeline.html
       - BBN: http://www.bbn.com/timeline/

     Additional books of interest:
       - "Where Wizards Stay Up Late: The Origins of the Internet"
            Katie Hafner & Matthew Lyon
       - "Architects of the Web: 1,000 Days That Built the Future of
            Business", Robert H. Reid
       - "Netizens: On the History and Impact of Usenet and the
            Internet", Michael Hauben et al










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4. Acknowledgements

     Contributors to Hobbes' Internet Timeline have their initials next
     to the contributed items in the form (:zzz:) and are:

     ad1 - Arnaud Dufour ([e-mail])
     amk - Alex McKenzie ([e-mail])
     dk1 - Daniel Karrenberg ([e-mail])
     ec1 - Eric Carroll ([e-mail])
     esr - Eric S. Raymond ([e-mail])
     feg - Farrell E. Gerbode ([e-mail])
     gck - Gary C. Kessler ([e-mail])
     glg - Gail L. Grant ([e-mail])
     gmc - Grant McCall ([e-mail])
     gst - Graham Thomas ([e-mail])
     irh - Ian R Hardy ([e-mail])
     jap - Jean Armour Polly ([e-mail])
     jg1 - Jim Gaynor ([e-mail])
     kf1 - Ken Fockler ([e-mail])
     lhl - Larry H. Landweber ([e-mail])
     mpc - Mellisa P. Chase ([e-mail])
     pb1 - Paul Burchard ([e-mail])
     pds - Peter da Silva ([e-mail])
     ph1 - Peter Hoffman ([e-mail])
     rab - Roger A. Bielefeld ([e-mail])
     sc1 - Susan Calcari ([e-mail])
     sk2 - Stan Kulikowski ([e-mail]) - see sources section
     sw1 - Stephen Wolff ([e-mail])
     tp1 - Tim Pozar ([e-mail])
     twc - Thomas W. Creedon - K'o Wei Li ([e-mail])
     vgc - Vinton Cerf ([e-mail]) - see sources section
     wz1 - W. Zorn ([e-mail])
     zby - Zenel Batagelj ([e-mail])

5. Security Considerations

     Security issues are not discussed in this document, though
     references are made to security events which have taken place.













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6. Author's Address

     Robert H. Zakon
     Internet Evangelist
     The MITRE Corporation
     1820 Dolley Madison Blvd
     McLean, Virginia, USA 22102

     Phone: [phone]
     EMail: [e-mail]

7. Disclaimer

     The views expressed in this document are the author's and are not
     intended to represent in any way The MITRE Corporation or its
     opinions on this subject matter.



































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8.  Full Copyright Statement

   Copyright (C) Robert H. Zakon and The Internet Society (1997).
   All Rights Reserved.

   This document and translations of it may be copied and furnished to
   others, and derivative works that comment on or otherwise explain it
   or assist in its implmentation may be prepared, copied, published and
   distributed, in whole or in part, without restriction of any kind,
   provided that the above copyright notice and this paragraph are
   included on all such copies and derivative works.  However, this
   document itself may not be modified in any way, such as by removing
   the copyright notice or references to the Internet Society or other
   Internet organizations, except as needed for the purpose of
   developing Internet standards in which case the procedures for
   copyrights defined in the Internet Standards process must be
   followed, or as required to translate it into languages other than
   English.

   The limited permissions granted above are perpetual and will not be
   revoked by the Internet Society or its successors or assigns.

   This document and the information contained herein is provided on an
   "AS IS" basis and THE INTERNET SOCIETY AND THE INTERNET ENGINEERING
   TASK FORCE DISCLAIMS ALL WARRANTIES, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING
   BUT NOT LIMITED TO ANY WARRANTY THAT THE USE OF THE INFORMATION
   HEREIN WILL NOT INFRINGE ANY RIGHTS OR ANY IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF
   MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.























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