📄 rfc1689.txt
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Foster [Page 26]
RFC 1689 Networked Information Retrieval: Tools and Groups August 1994
GOPHER
Date template updated or checked: 14 March 1994
By: Name: Mark P. McCahill
Email address: mpm@boombox.micro.umn.edu
-----------------------------------------------------------------------
NIR Tool Name: Internet Gopher
Brief Description of Tool:
The Internet Gopher protocol is a client/distributed-server document
search and retrieval protocol originally developed at the University
of Minnesota. Gopher was originally created as a fast, simple,
distributed, campus-wide information search and retrieval system;
ease of use and implementation has made Gopher increasingly popular
on the Internet. Since its original release, many folks on the
Internet have contributed to its growth, submitting patches, servers,
clients, and linking their local servers into the worldwide network
of Gopher servers. Gateways exist to seamlessly access a variety of
non-Gopher services such as ftp, WAIS, USENET news, Archie, Z39.50
(1992 rev), X.500 directories, Sybase and Oracle SQL servers, etc.
In addition, an "archie for gopherspace" called Veronica (very easy
rodent-oriented net-wide index to computerized archives) has been
developed at the University of Nevada. Veronica makes it easy to
search for items in gopherspace by title.
The gopher protocol is often described as "fiercely simple"; it is
connectionless (stateless), and uses TCP reliable streams. A client
connects to a server using TCP, and sends a one-line text "selector
string". The server responds by returning the item (a file, a
directory listing, or a link to some other service) corresponding to
the selector string and immediately closing the connection. Items in
directory listings are returned as a series of lines terminated by
carriage-return line-feed. Each item (line) is defined by a one-
character tag to specify the item type, a display string or item-name
that the client should display to the user, and a number of tab
delimited fields to specify the selector string, host domain name and
port number. Because of its simple and connectionless nature, gopher
servers make very minimal demands on their host machines and gopher
clients are extremely easy to implement.
The users view the Gopher world as a series of networked hierarchical
directories much like a familiar filesystem. However, the links
define a graph rather than a simple rooted tree. Links in the Gopher
graph may define services other than simple files or directories;
these include cso (qi) servers, telnet sessions, links to other
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RFC 1689 Networked Information Retrieval: Tools and Groups August 1994
gopher servers, and links to gateway servers.
The information provider's simplest view is that files and
directories below a certain root directory on their machine are all
visible and available for retrieval by gopher clients. More features
like long names, item types, links, and gateway services are
available to the more sophisticated information provider.
Servers and clients run on most popular hardware, including Macs,
UNIX boxes, PC-DOS boxes. The Internet Gopher name is copyright (c)
1991-1992 by the University of Minnesota. The Internet Gopher
protocol is described in an informational RFC (1436) available at
better RFC archives everywhere. Extensions to the base gopher
protocol allow for associating meta-information with gopher items,
alternate views of documents (i.e., text, postscript, rtf, etc.) and
electronic forms. Collectively, these extensions are referred to as
Gopher+. Gopher+ is upward compatible with the orginal gopher
protocol. The gopher software may be retrieved from numerous Gopher
or FTP archive sites, including the University of Minnesota Gopher
server, the Info-Mac Archive Gopher server, and by anonymous FTP from
boombox.micro.umn.edu and sumex-aim.stanford.edu. As of December
1993, about 1/3 of the approximately 4800 Gopher servers on the
internet support Gopher+.
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Primary Contact(s):
Name: The Internet Gopher Development Team
Email address: gopher@boombox.micro.umn.edu
Postal Address: Microcomputer & Workstation Networks Center
152 Shepherd Labs
100 Union Street SE.
University of Minnesota
Minneapolis, MN 55455
Telephone: +1-612-625-1300
Fax: +1-612-625-6817
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Help Line:
Name: Microcomputer HelpLine;
ask for The Internet Gopher Development Team
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RFC 1689 Networked Information Retrieval: Tools and Groups August 1994
Email address: gopher@boombox.micro.umn.edu
Telephone: USA: 612 MA MICRO (+1-612-626-4276)
Helpline is for general support at the U of M.
Level of support offered: all users
Hours available: Phone Helpline 9-4 weekdays.
----------------------------------------------------------------------
Related Working Groups:
----------------------------------------------------------------------
Sponsoring Organisation / Funding source:
The University of Minnesota, Twin Cities.
----------------------------------------------------------------------
Mailing Lists:
Address: gopher-news@boombox.micro.umn.edu
Administration: gopher-news-request@boombox.micro.umn.edu
Description: News and views of all things gopher. Tends to
be a high volume mailing list and technically
oriented.
Archive: Via Gopher: University of Minnesota Gopher
Information About Gopher
Address: gopher-announce@boombox.micro.umn.edu
Administration: gopher-announce-request@boombox.micro.umn.edu
Description: A low-volume mailing list of announcements of
new software and servers.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------
News groups:
Name: comp.infosystems.gopher
Description: Discussion of all things gopher.
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RFC 1689 Networked Information Retrieval: Tools and Groups August 1994
Archive: Available via gopher client; connect to the
gopher server at gopher.tc.umn.edu port 70,
look in the "Information About Gopher" section.
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Protocols:
What is supported: Internet Gopher
What it runs over: Anything you can run TCP/IP over.
Other NIR tools this interworks with:
Z39.50 WAIS variant via WAIS gateway
FTP via FTP gateway
archie/Prospero via an archie gateway
veronica (an archie for gopherspace)
NNTP via NNTP gateway
Finger (subset of gopher)
X.500 via X.500 gateway
Z39.50 1992 revision variant via Z39.50 gateway
Oracle and Sybase SQL servers via SQL gateway
CSO (Ph/Qi) online phone books
Future plans: New user interace metaphor on PowerPC and
Pentium-based clients.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------
Servers:
Date completed or updated: 14 March, 1994
By: Name: Mark McCahill
Email address: mpm@boombox.micro.umn.edu
Platform: UNIX.
Primary Contact:
Name: The Internet Gopher Development Team
Email address: gopher@micro.umn.edu
Telephone: +1-612-625-1300
Server software available from:
Via Gopher: U of M Gopher
Information About Gopher
Gopher Software Distribution
Via FTP: boombox.micro.umn.edu
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/pub/gopher/
Location of more information:
As above.
Latest version number: (things change fast;
please check software distribution)
Brief Scope and Characteristics:
Server, index server for WAIS based indices and for NeXT
native indexing, tools, gateway code. Supports Gopher+.
Approximate number of such servers in use:
Over 3000.
General comments:
The defacto standard workhorse Gopher server.
Paul Lindner is the architect and keeper of this server.
-------------------
Date completed or updated: 14 March, 1994
By: Name: Mark McCahill
Email address: mpm@boombox.micro.umn.edu
Platform: Macintosh.
Primary Contact:
Name: The Internet Gopher Development Team
Email address: gopher@micro.umn.edu
Telephone: +1-612-625-1300
Server software available from:
Via Gopher: U of M Gopher
Information About Gopher
Gopher Software Distribution
Via FTP: boombox.micro.umn.edu
/pub/gopher/
Location of more information:
As above.
Latest version number: (please check software distribution)
Brief Scope and Characteristics:
Macintosh Gopher Server and tools,
supports Gopher+.
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RFC 1689 Networked Information Retrieval: Tools and Groups August 1994
Approximate number of such servers in use:
Current estimates between 300 and 400.
General comments:
Runs on any Macintosh with 1MB memory or more.
Requires MacTCP. Can be configured to use Apple Computer's AppleSearch
full-text search software as a Gopher-accessible search engine.
-------------------
Date completed or updated: 14 March, 1994
By: Name: Mark McCahill
Email address: mpm@boombox.micro.umn.edu
Platform: PC-DOS.
Primary Contact:
Name: The Internet Gopher Development Team
Email address: gopher@micro.umn.edu
Telephone: +1-612-625-1300
Additional contacts:
Name: Dennis Sherman
Email address: Dennis_Sherman@unc.edu
Name: Foteos Macrides
Email address: macrides@sci.wfeb.edu
Server software available from:
Via Gopher: U of M Gopher
Information About Gopher
Gopher Software Distribution
Via FTP: boombox.micro.umn.edu
/pub/gopher/
Location of more information:
As above.
Latest version number: 0.91b
Brief Scope and Characteristics:
Basic Gopher server for PC-DOS boxes.
Approximate number of such servers in use:
Current estimates between 25 and 75.
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RFC 1689 Networked Information Retrieval: Tools and Groups August 1994
General comments:
Written by Chris McNeil <cmcneil@mta.ca>, based on Phil Karns net
package. The U of M Gopher team forwar⌨️ 快捷键说明
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