rfc1739.txt

RFC 的详细文档！

Kessler & Shepard                                              [Page 23]

RFC 1739           Primer on Internet & TCP/IP Tools       December 1994


2.8. Information Servers

2.8.1. ARCHIE

   Archie is a tool for locating files on the Internet, originally
   developed at the Computer Science Department at McGill University in
   Montreal.  Archie allows users to find software, data, and other
   information files that reside at anonymous FTP archive sites across
   the Internet; the name of the program, reportedly, is derived from
   the word "archive" and not from the comic book character.  Archie
   tracks the contents of over 1,000 anonymous FTP archive sites
   containing over 2 million files.  The Archie server automatically
   updates the information from each registered site about once a month,
   providing relatively up-to-date information without unduly stressing
   the network.

   Before using Archie, you must identify a server address.  The sites
   below all support Archie; most (but not all) Archie sites support the
   "servers" command which lists all known Archie servers.  Due to the
   popularity of Archie and its high processing demands, many sites
   limit access to non-peak hours and/or limit the number of
   simultaneous Archie users.  Available Archie sites include:

      archie.au                   139.130.4.6     Australia
      archie.edvz.uni-linz.ac.at  140.78.3.8      Austria
      archie.univie.ac.at         131.130.1.23    Austria
      archie.uqam.ca              132.208.250.10  Canada
      archie.funet.fi             128.214.6.100   Finland
      archie.th-darmstadt.de      130.83.22.60    Germany
      archie.ac.il                132.65.6.15     Israel
      archie.unipi.it             131.114.21.10   Italy
      archie.wide.ad.jp           133.4.3.6       Japan
      archie.hana.nm.kr           128.134.1.1     Korea
      archie.sogang.ac.kr         163.239.1.11    Korea
      archie.uninett.no           128.39.2.20     Norway
      archie.rediris.es           130.206.1.2     Spain
      archie.luth.se              130.240.18.4    Sweden
      archie.switch.ch            130.59.1.40     Switzerland
      archie.ncu.edu.tw           140.115.19.24   Taiwan
      archie.doc.ic.ac.uk         146.169.11.3    United Kingdom
      archie.unl.edu              129.93.1.14     USA (NE)
      archie.internic.net         198.48.45.10    USA (NJ)
      archie.rutgers.edu          128.6.18.15     USA (NJ)
      archie.ans.net              147.225.1.10    USA (NY)
      archie.sura.net             128.167.254.179 USA (MD)






Kessler & Shepard                                              [Page 24]

RFC 1739           Primer on Internet & TCP/IP Tools       December 1994


   Archie servers may be accessed using TELNET.  When TELNETing to an
   Archie site, login as "archie" (you MUST use lower case); just hit
   <ENTER> if a password is requested.

   Once connected, the "help" command assists users in obtaining more
   information about using Archie.  Two more useful Archie commands are
   "prog", used to search for files in the database, and "whatis", which
   searches for keywords in the program descriptions.

   In the accompanying dialogue, the "set maxhits" command is used to
   limit the number of responses to any following "prog" commands; if
   this is not done, the user may get an enormous amount of information!

   In this example, the user issues a request to find entries related to
   "mpeg", ISO's Moving Pictures Experts Group video compression
   standard.  Armed with this information, a user can use anonymous FTP
   to examine these directories and files.

   The next request is for files with "security" as a keyword
   descriptor.  These responses can be used for subsequent "prog"
   commands.

   Exit archie using the "exit" command.  At this point, TELNET closes
   the connection and control returns to the local host.

   Additional information about Archie can be obtained by sending e-mail
   to Bunyip Information Systems ([e-mail]).  Client
   software is not required to use Archie, but can make life a little
   easier; some such software can be downloaded using anonymous FTP from
   the "/pub/archie/" directory at host "ftp.cs.widener.edu" or in
   "/pub/archie/clients/" at "ftp.sura.net".  Most shareware and
   commercial Archie clients hide the complexity described in this
   section; users usually connect to a pre-configured Archie server
   merely by typing an "ARCHIE" command line.

   ==================================================================
** C:\> TELNET 129.93.1.14
   SunOS UNIX (crcnis2)

** login: archie
** Password:

    Welcome to the ARCHIE server at the University of Nebraska - Lincoln

   # Bunyip Information Systems, 1993

** unl-archie> HELP
   These are the commands you can use in help:



Kessler & Shepard                                              [Page 25]

RFC 1739           Primer on Internet & TCP/IP Tools       December 1994


             .    go up one level in the hierarchy

             ?    display a list of valid subtopics at the current level

   <newline>
   done, ^D, ^C  quit from help entirely

        <string>  help on a topic or subtopic
   Eg.
         "help show"

   will give you the help screen for the "show" command

         "help set search"

   Will give you the help information for the "search" variable.

   The command "manpage" will give you a complete copy of the archie
   manual page.
** help> DONE

** unl-archie> SET MAXHITS 5
** unl-archie> PROG MPEG
   # Search type: sub.
   # Your queue position: 1
   # Estimated time for completion: 02:18

   Host ftp.germany.eu.net    (192.76.144.75)
     Location: /pub/applications/graphics
       DIRECTORY    drwxrwxr-x     512 bytes  00:00  7 Jul 1993  mpeg
     Location: /pub/comp/amiga/gfx
       DIRECTORY    drwxr-xr-x     512 bytes  00:00  7 Sep 1993  mpeg

   Host stsci.edu    (130.167.1.2)
     Location: /stsci/epa
       DIRECTORY    drwxr-xr-x     512 bytes  12:55 21 Jun 1994  mpeg

   Host ftp.nau.edu    (134.114.64.70)
     Location: /graphics
       DIRECTORY    drwxr-xr-x     512 bytes  04:51  3 Apr 1994  mpeg

   Host gum.isi.edu    (128.9.32.31)
     Location: /share/in-notes/media-types/video
       FILE    -rw-r--r--      15 bytes  18:45 11 Jan 1994  mpeg

** unl-archie> WHATIS SECURITY
   RFC 1037          Greenberg, B.; Keene, S. NFILE - a file access
                      protocol. 1987 December; 86 p.



Kessler & Shepard                                              [Page 26]

RFC 1739           Primer on Internet & TCP/IP Tools       December 1994


   RFC 1038          St. Johns, M. Draft revised IP security option.
                      1988 January; 7 p.
   cops              System Security analysis tool
   forktest          Find security holes in shell-escapes
   kerberos          Host security package
   safe-mkdir        mkdir() and security hole *****FIX****

** unl-archie> EXIT
   # Bye.
   Connection #0 closed
   C:\>
   ==================================================================

2.8.2. GOPHER

   The Internet Gopher protocol was developed at the University of
   Minnesota's Microcomputer Center in 1991, as a distributed
   information search and retrieval tool for the Internet.  Gopher is
   described in RFC 1436 [1]; the name derives from the University's
   mascot.

   Gopher provides a tool so that publicly available information at a
   host can be organized in a hierarchical fashion, allowing it to be
   perused using a simple menu system.  Gopher allows a user to view a
   file on demand without requiring additional file transfer protocols.
   Gopher also has the capability to "link" gophers on the Internet, so
   that each Gopher site can be used as a stepping stone to access other
   sites and reducing the amount of duplicate information and effort on
   the network.

   In many cases, users can access Gopher by TELNETing to a valid Gopher
   location; if the site provides a remote Gopher client, the user will
   see a text-based, menu interface.  The number of Gopher sites is
   growing rapidly; as the dialogue below shows, most Gopher sites have
   a menu item that will allow you to identify other Gopher sites.  If
   using TELNET, login with the username "gopher" (this MUST be in
   lowercase); no password is required.  Note that not all Gopher sites
   provide a remote Gopher client; users may need local Gopher client
   software on their system.

   The Gopher server at "ds.internic.net" has a tremendous amount of
   information for the new user, including lists of frequently asked
   questions and pointers to various Internet discussion lists.  In the
   sample dialogue below, the remote Gopher client is accessed by
   TELNETing to the host.  With the menu interface shown here, the user
   merely follows the prompts.  Initially, the main menu will appear;
   selecting item 2 causes Gopher to seize and display the "InterNIC
   Information Services" menu.  Move to the desired menu item by typing



Kessler & Shepard                                              [Page 27]

RFC 1739           Primer on Internet & TCP/IP Tools       December 1994


   the item number or by moving the "pointer" (-->) down to the desired
   entry using the <DOWN-ARROW> key on the keyboard, and then hitting
   <ENTER>.  To quit the program at any time, press "q" (quit); "?" and
   "u" will provide help or go back up to the previous menu,
   respectively.  Users may also search for strings within files using
   the "/" command or download the file being interrogated using the "D"
   command.

   Menu item 7 (selected in the dialogue shown here) is titled
   "Beginners: Start Here", an excellent place for new users to obtain
   information about the Internet, available tools, terms and concepts,
   and, perhaps most importantly, some of the cultural aspects of the
   Internet community.

   Further information about Gopher can be obtained by contacting the
   Internet Gopher Team at the University of Minnesota in Minneapolis
   ([e-mail]).  This is also the site of the first
   Gopher server (consultant.micro.umn.edu).  A Gopher-related
   discussion list is maintained at [e-mail]
   (see Section 3.1 for information on subscribing to Internet
   discussion lists).  More information on Gopher clients can be found
   in the Gopher Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ) file, which can be
   downloaded using anonymous FTP in file
   "/pub/usenet/news.answers/gopher-faq" at the host "rtfm.mit.edu";
   this FAQ also lists sources for a number of Gopher clients for a wide
   range of hardware/software platforms.

   ==================================================================
** SMCVAX$ TELNET DS.INTERNIC.NET

   SunOS UNIX (ds)

** login: gopher
   SunOS Release 4.1.3 (DS) #3: Tue Feb 8 10:52:45 EST 1994

   ******************************************************************
            Welcome to the InterNIC Directory and Database Server.
   ******************************************************************

   Internet Gopher Information Client v1.11
   Root gopher server: ds0.internic.net

   --> 1.  Information About the InterNIC/
       2.  InterNIC Information Services (General Atomics)/
       3.  InterNIC Registration Services (NSI)/
       4.  InterNIC Directory and Database Services (AT&T)/

   Press ? for Help, q to Quit                               Page: 1/1



Kessler & Shepard                                              [Page 28]

RFC 1739           Primer on Internet & TCP/IP Tools       December 1994


** View item number: 2


   Internet Gopher Information Client v1.11
   InterNIC Information Services (General Atomics)

   --> 1.  README.
       2.  About the InfoGuide/
       3.  About InterNIC Information Services/
       4.  About the Internet/
       5.  Getting Connected to the Internet/
       6.  Beginners: Start Here/
       7.  Using the Internet/
       8.  Internet Resources/
       9.  Advanced Users: NIC Staff, System Administrators, Programmer
       10. Frequently Asked Questions at InterNIC IS/
       11. Scout Report/
       12. WAIS search InfoGuide (and elsewhere) by keyword/
       13. InfoGuide INDEX.

   Press ? for Help, q to Quit                               Page: 1/1
** View item number: 6


   Internet Gopher Information Client v1.11
   Beginners: Start Here

   --> 1.  About This Directory.
       2.  Introductions to the Internet/
       3.  Glossaries And Definit