📄 rfc1739.txt
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CD CDUP
CLOSE CONFIRM
CPATH CREATE-DIRECTORY
CWD DELETE
DIRECTORY DISCONNECT
EXIT EXIT-ON-ERROR
GET HASH
HELP LCD
LDIR LOCAL-CD
LOCAL-DIRECTORY LOCAL-PWD
LOGIN LPWD
LS MDELETE
MGET MKDIR
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RECEIVE REMOTE-HELP
REMOVE-DIRECTORY RENAME
RETAIN RM
RMDIR SEND
SHOW-DIRECTORY SITE
SPAWN STATISTICS
STATUS STREAM
Kessler & Shepard [Page 12]
RFC 1739 Primer on Internet & TCP/IP Tools December 1994
STRUCTURE TAKE
TENEX TYPE
USER VERBOSE
VERSION
** WIRETAP.SPIES.COM> HELP TYPE
The TYPE command changes the FTP transfer type. The possible
arguments to the TYPE command are ASCII, IMAGE, BACKUP, and
LOGICAL-BYTE ASCII type is used for transferring ASCII text files.
IMAGE type is used for transferring binary files. BACKUP type is
used for transferring VAX/VMS backup savesets with 2048 byte block
size.
** WIRETAP.SPIES.COM> DIR
<Opening ASCII mode data connection for /bin/ls.
total 25
drwxr-xr-x 2 9013 daemon 512 Jul 1 1993 .cap
drwxr-xr-x 4 9013 daemon 512 Jul 1 1993 About
-rw-r--r-- 1 9013 daemon 791 Apr 6 1993 About_Gopher
drwxr-xr-x 3 9013 daemon 512 Jul 12 1993 Books
drwxr-xr-x 13 9013 daemon 512 Jul 1 1993 Clinton
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root daemon 12 Feb 26 07:02 Economic_Plan
-> Gov/Economic
drwxr-xr-x 4 9013 daemon 512 Jul 1 1993 Etext
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root daemon 13 Feb 26 07:01 GAO_Reports ->
Gov/GAO-Trans
drwxr-xr-x 29 9013 daemon 1024 Feb 3 00:15 Gov
drwxr-xr-x 16 9013 daemon 512 Jul 1 1993 Library
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root daemon 9 Feb 26 06:56 NAFTA ->
Gov/NAFTA
drwxr-xr-x 2 9013 daemon 512 Jul 1 1993 Other
drwxr-xr-x 3 9013 daemon 3072 Apr 7 20:59 alt.etext
drwxr-xr-x 8 root 42 512 Jul 1 1993 ba.internet
dr-xr-xr-x 2 bin wheel 512 Jul 1 1993 bin
drwxr-xr-x 2 root daemon 512 Feb 15 06:14 dev
drwxr-xr-x 3 root wheel 512 Jul 1 1993 etc
drwxr-xr-x 11 9038 daemon 512 Dec 17 05:37 game_archive
drwx-wx-wx 3 root daemon 1024 Apr 18 02:09 incoming
drwxr-xr-x 3 root ftp 512 Oct 29 02:35 pub
drwxr-xr-x 2 root daemon 512 Jul 1 1992 tmp
drwxr-xr-x 3 root daemon 512 Jul 1 1993 usr
drwxr-xr-x 3 9013 42 1024 Jul 1 1993 waffle
<Transfer complete.
1490 bytes transferred at 4966 bps.
Run time = 10. ms, Elapsed time = 2400. ms.
** WIRETAP.SPIES.COM> CD Gov
<CWD command successful.
Kessler & Shepard [Page 13]
RFC 1739 Primer on Internet & TCP/IP Tools December 1994
** WIRETAP.SPIES.COM> SHOW
<"/Gov" is current directory.
** WIRETAP.SPIES.COM> DIR *.act
<Opening ASCII mode data connection for /bin/ls.
-rw-r--r-- 1 9013 42 32695 Dec 10 21:37 brady.act
-r--r--r-- 1 9013 42 168649 Mar 26 1993 disable.act
-r--r--r-- 1 9013 42 62602 Mar 30 1993 ecpa.act
-r--r--r-- 1 9013 42 29519 Mar 30 1993 faircredit.act
-r--r--r-- 1 9013 42 57206 Mar 30 1993 privacy.act
-r--r--r-- 1 9013 42 16261 Mar 26 1993 warpower.act
<Transfer complete.
401 bytes transferred at 7638 bps.
Run time = 0. ms, Elapsed time = 420. ms.
** WIRETAP.SPIES.COM> GET faircredit.act FAIRCRDT.TXT
<Opening ASCII mode data connection for faircredit.act (29519
bytes).
<Transfer complete.
30132 bytes transferred at 39976 bps.
Run time = 40. ms, Elapsed time = 6030. ms.
** WIRETAP.SPIES.COM> QUIT
<Goodbye.
SMCVAX$
================================================================
2.6. TELNET
TELNET [17] is TCP/IP's virtual terminal protocol. Using TELNET, a
user connected to one host can login to another host, appearing like
a directly-attached terminal at the remote system; this is TCP/IP's
definition of a "virtual terminal." The general form of the TELNET
command is:
TELNET [IP_address | host_name] [port]
As shown, a TELNET connection is initiated when the user enters the
"TELNET" command and supplies either a "host_name" or "IP_address";
if neither are given, TELNET will ask for one once the application
begins.
In the example below, a user logged onto a PC on a LAN will use
TELNET to attach to the remote host "smcvax.smcvt.edu". Once logged
in via TELNET, the user can do anything on the remote host that they
could do if they were on a directly-connected terminal or had dialed-
up by modem. The commands that are used are those available on the
remote system to which the user is attached. In the sample dialogue
Kessler & Shepard [Page 14]
RFC 1739 Primer on Internet & TCP/IP Tools December 1994
below, the user attached to SMCVAX will use basic VAX/VMS commands:
o The "dir" command lists the files having a "COM" file extension.
o The "mail" command enters the MAIL system (there are no messages).
o "Pinging" the home host shows that it is alive!
When finished, "logout" logs the user off the remote host; TELNET
automatically closes the connection to the remote host and returns
control to the local system.
It is important to note that TELNET is a very powerful tool, one that
may provide users with access to many Internet utilities and services
that might not be otherwise available. Many of these features are
accessed by specifying a port number with the TELNET command, in
addition to a host's address, and knowledge of port numbers provides
another mechanism for users to access information with Telnet.
This guide discusses several TCP/IP and Internet utilities that
require local client software, such as Finger, Whois, Archie, and
Gopher. But what if your software does not include a needed client?
In some cases, Telnet may be used to access a remote client and
provide the same functionality.
This is done by specifying a port number with the TELNET command.
Just as TCP/IP hosts have a unique IP address, applications on the
host are associated with an address, called a "port". Finger, for
example, is associated with the well-known port number 79. In the
absence of a Finger client, TELNETing to port 79 at a remote host may
provide the same information. You can "finger" another host with
TELNET by using a command like:
TELNET host_name 79
Other well-known TCP/IP port numbers include 20 (FTP data transfer),
21 (FTP control), 25 (SMTP), 43 (whois), 70 (Gopher), and 185
(KNOWBOT).
Some services are available on the Internet using TELNET and special
port numbers. A geographical information database, for example, may
be accessed by TELNETing to port 3000 at host
"martini.eecs.umich.edu"; current weather information is available at
port 3000 at hosts "downwind.sprl.umich.edu" and
"wind.atmos.uah.edu".
Kessler & Shepard [Page 15]
RFC 1739 Primer on Internet & TCP/IP Tools December 1994
==================================================================
** C:\> TELNET SMCVAX.SMCVT.EDU
FTP Software PC/TCP tn 2.31 01/07/94 12:38
Copyright (c) 1986-1993 by FTP Software, Inc. All rights reserved
- Connected to St. Michael's College -
** Username: KUMQUAT
** Password:
St. Michael's College VAX/VMS System.
Node SMCVAX.
Last interactive login on Thursday, 9-JUN-1994 11:55
Last non-interactive login on Thursday, 9-JUN-1994 08:20
Good Afternoon User KUMQUAT. Logged in on 12-JUN-1994 at 3:27 PM.
User [GUEST,KUMQUAT] has 4292 blocks used, 5708 available,
of 10000 authorized and permitted overdraft of 100 blocks on $1$DIA2
** SMCVAX$ DIR *.COM
Directory $1$DIA2:[GUEST.KUMQUAT]
BACKUP.COM;24 24 16-JUL-1990 16:22:46.68 (RWED,RWED,RE,)
DELTREE.COM;17 3 16-JUL-1990 16:22:47.58 (RWED,RWED,RE,)
EXPANDZ.COM;7 2 22-FEB-1993 10:00:04.35 (RWED,RWED,RE,)
FTSLOGBLD.COM;3 1 16-JUL-1990 16:22:48.57 (RWED,RWED,RE,)
FTSRRR.COM;2 1 16-JUL-1990 16:22:48.73 (RWED,RWED,RE,)
LOGIN.COM;116 5 1-DEC-1993 09:33:21.61 (RWED,RWED,RE,)
SNOOPY.COM;6 1 16-JUL-1990 16:22:52.06 (RWED,RWED,RE,)
SYLOGIN.COM;83 8 16-JUL-1990 16:22:52.88 (RWED,RWED,RE,RE)
SYSHUTDWN.COM;1 0 16-JUL-1990 16:22:53.04 (RWED,RWED,RE,)
SYSTARTUP.COM;88 15 16-JUL-1990 16:22:53.21 (RWED,RWED,RE,)
WATCH_MAIL.COM;1 173 10-MAY-1994 09:59:52.65 (RWED,RWED,RE,)
Total of 11 files, 233 blocks.
** SMCVAX$ MAIL
** MAIL> EXIT
** SMCVAX$ PING HILL.COM /N=5
PING HILL.COM (199.182.20.4): 56 data bytes
64 bytes from 199.182.20.4: icmp_seq=0 time=290 ms
64 bytes from 199.182.20.4: icmp_seq=1 time=260 ms
64 bytes from 199.182.20.4: icmp_seq=2 time=260 ms
64 bytes from 199.182.20.4: icmp_seq=3 time=260 ms
64 bytes from 199.182.20.4: icmp_seq=4 time=260 ms
Kessler & Shepard [Page 16]
RFC 1739 Primer on Internet & TCP/IP Tools December 1994
----HILL.COM PING Statistics----
5 packets transmitted, 5 packets received, 0% packet loss
round-trip (ms) min/avg/max = 260/266/290
** SMCVAX$ LOGOUT
KUMQUAT logged out at 12-JUN-1994 15:37:04.29
Connection #0 closed
C:\>
==================================================================
2.7. User Database Lookup Tools
2.7.1. WHOIS/NICNAME
WHOIS and NICNAME are TCP/IP applications that search databases to
find the name of network and system administrators, RFC authors,
system and network points-of-contact, and other individuals who are
registered in appropriate databases. The original NICNAME/WHOIS
protocol is described in RFC 954 [4].
WHOIS may be accessed by TELNETing to an appropriate WHOIS server and
logging in as "WHOIS" (no password is required); the most common
Internet name server is located at the Internet Network Information
Center (InterNIC) at "rs.internic.net". This specific database, in
particular, only contains INTERNET domains, IP network numbers, and
points of contact; policies governing the InterNIC database are
described in RFC 1400 [19]. The MILNET database resides at
"nic.ddn.mil" and PSI's White Pages pilot service is located at
"psi.com".
Many software packages contain a WHOIS/NICNAME client that
automatically establishes the TELNET connection to a default name
server database, although users can usually specify any name server
database that they want.
The accompanying dialogues shows several types of WHOIS/NICNAME
information queries. In the session below, we request information
about an individual (Denis Stratford) by using WHOIS locally, a
specific domain (hill.com) by using NICNAME locally, and a high-level
domain (edu) using TELNET to a WHOIS server.
Kessler & Shepard [Page 17]
RFC 1739 Primer on Internet & TCP/IP Tools December 1994
==================================================================
** SMCVAX$ WHOIS STRATFORD, DENIS
Stratford, Denis (DS378) denis@@SMCVAX.SMCVT.EDU
St. Michael's College
Jemery Hall, Room 274
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