📄 rfc2426.txt
字号:
Network Working Group F. Dawson
Request for Comments: 2426 Lotus Development Corporation
Category: Standards Track T. Howes
Netscape Communications
September 1998
vCard MIME Directory Profile
Status of this Memo
This document specifies an Internet standards track protocol for the
Internet community, and requests discussion and suggestions for
improvements. Please refer to the current edition of the "Internet
Official Protocol Standards" (STD 1) for the standardization state
and status of this protocol. Distribution of this memo is unlimited.
Copyright Notice
Copyright (C) The Internet Society (1998). All Rights Reserved.
Abstract
This memo defines the profile of the MIME Content-Type [MIME-DIR] for
directory information for a white-pages person object, based on a
vCard electronic business card. The profile definition is independent
of any particular directory service or protocol. The profile is
defined for representing and exchanging a variety of information
about an individual (e.g., formatted and structured name and delivery
addresses, email address, multiple telephone numbers, photograph,
logo, audio clips, etc.). The directory information used by this
profile is based on the attributes for the person object defined in
the X.520 and X.521 directory services recommendations. The profile
also provides the method for including a [VCARD] representation of a
white-pages directory entry within the MIME Content-Type defined by
the [MIME-DIR] document.
The key words "MUST", "MUST NOT", "REQUIRED", "SHALL", "SHALL NOT",
"SHOULD", "SHOULD NOT", "RECOMMENDED", "MAY" and "OPTIONAL" in this
document are to be interpreted as described in [RFC 2119].
Dawson & Howes Standards Track [Page 1]
RFC 2426 vCard MIME Directory Profile September 1998
Table of Contents
Overview.........................................................3
1. THE VCARD MIME DIRECTORY PROFILE REGISTRATION.................4
2. MIME DIRECTORY FEATURES.......................................5
2.1 PREDEFINED TYPE USAGE ......................................5
2.1.1 BEGIN and END Type ......................................5
2.1.2 NAME Type ...............................................5
2.1.3 PROFILE Type ............................................5
2.1.4 SOURCE Type .............................................5
2.2 PREDEFINED TYPE PARAMETER USAGE ............................6
2.3 PREDEFINED VALUE TYPE USAGE ................................6
2.4 EXTENSIONS TO THE PREDEFINED VALUE TYPES ...................6
2.4.1 BINARY ..................................................6
2.4.2 VCARD ...................................................6
2.4.3 PHONE-NUMBER ............................................7
2.4.4 UTC-OFFSET ..............................................7
2.5 STRUCTURED TYPE VALUES .....................................7
2.6 LINE DELIMITING AND FOLDING ................................8
3. VCARD PROFILE FEATURES........................................8
3.1 IDENTIFICATION TYPES .......................................8
3.1.1 FN Type Definition ......................................8
3.1.2 N Type Definition .......................................9
3.1.3 NICKNAME Type Definition ................................9
3.1.4 PHOTO Type Definition ..................................10
3.1.5 BDAY Type Definition ...................................11
3.2 DELIVERY ADDRESSING TYPES .................................11
3.2.1 ADR Type Definition ....................................11
3.2.2 LABEL Type Definition ..................................13
3.3 TELECOMMUNICATIONS ADDRESSING TYPES .......................13
3.3.1 TEL Type Definition ....................................14
3.3.2 EMAIL Type Definition ..................................15
3.3.3 MAILER Type Definition .................................15
3.4 GEOGRAPHICAL TYPES ........................................16
3.4.1 TZ Type Definition .....................................16
3.4.2 GEO Type Definition ....................................16
3.5 ORGANIZATIONAL TYPES ......................................17
3.5.1 TITLE Type Definition ..................................17
3.5.2 ROLE Type Definition ...................................18
3.5.3 LOGO Type Definition ...................................18
3.5.4 AGENT Type Definition ..................................19
3.5.5 ORG Type Definition ....................................20
3.6 EXPLANATORY TYPES .........................................20
3.6.1 CATEGORIES Type Definition .............................20
3.6.2 NOTE Type Definition ...................................21
3.6.3 PRODID Type Definition .................................21
3.6.4 REV Type Definition ....................................22
3.6.5 SORT-STRING Type Definition ............................22
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RFC 2426 vCard MIME Directory Profile September 1998
3.6.6 SOUND Type Definition ..................................23
3.6.7 UID Type Definition ....................................24
3.6.8 URL Type Definition ....................................25
3.6.9 VERSION Type Definition ................................25
3.7 SECURITY TYPES ............................................25
3.7.1 CLASS Type Definition ..................................26
3.7.2 KEY Type Definition ....................................26
3.8 EXTENDED TYPES ............................................27
4. FORMAL GRAMMAR...............................................27
5. DIFFERENCES FROM VCARD V2.1..................................37
6. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS.............................................39
7. AUTHORS' ADDRESSES...........................................39
8. SECURITY CONSIDERATIONS......................................39
9. REFERENCES...................................................40
10. FULL COPYRIGHT STATEMENT....................................42
Overview
The [MIME-DIR] document defines a MIME Content-Type for holding
different kinds of directory information. The directory information
can be based on any of a number of directory schemas. This document
defines a [MIME-DIR] usage profile for conveying directory
information based on one such schema; that of the white-pages type of
person object.
The schema is based on the attributes for the person object defined
in the X.520 and X.521 directory services recommendations. The schema
has augmented the basic attributes defined in the X.500 series
recommendation in order to provide for an electronic representation
of the information commonly found on a paper business card. This
schema was first defined in the [VCARD] document. Hence, this [MIME-
DIR] profile is referred to as the vCard MIME Directory Profile.
A directory entry based on this usage profile can include traditional
directory, white-pages information such as the distinguished name
used to uniquely identify the entry, a formatted representation of
the name used for user-interface or presentation purposes, both the
structured and presentation form of the delivery address, various
telephone numbers and organizational information associated with the
entry. In addition, traditional paper business card information such
as an image of an organizational logo or identify photograph can be
included in this person object.
The vCard MIME Directory Profile also provides support for
representing other important information about the person associated
with the directory entry. For instance, the date of birth of the
person; an audio clip describing the pronunciation of the name
associated with the directory entry, or some other application of the
Dawson & Howes Standards Track [Page 3]
RFC 2426 vCard MIME Directory Profile September 1998
digital sound; longitude and latitude geo-positioning information
related to the person associated with the directory entry; date and
time that the directory information was last updated; annotations
often written on a business card; Uniform Resource Locators (URL) for
a website; public key information. The profile also provides support
for non-standard extensions to the schema. This provides the
flexibility for implementations to augment the current capabilities
of the profile in a standardized way. More information about this
electronic business card format can be found in [VCARD].
1. The vCard Mime Directory Profile Registration
This profile is identified by the following [MIME-DIR] registration
template information. Subsequent sections define the profile
definition.
To: ietf-mime-directory@imc.org
Subject: Registration of text/directory MIME profile VCARD
Profile name: VCARD
Profile purpose: To hold person object or white-pages type of
directory information. The person schema captured in the directory
entries is that commonly found in an electronic business card.
Predefined MIME Directory value specifications used: uri, date,
date-time, float
New value specifications: This profile places further constraints on
the [MIME-DIR] text value specification. In addition, it adds a
binary, phone-number, utc-offset and vcard value specifications.
Predefined MIME Directory types used: SOURCE, NAME, PROFILE, BEGIN,
END.
Predefined MIME Directory parameters used: ENCODING, VALUE, CHARSET,
LANGUAGE, CONTEXT.
New types: FN, N, NICKNAME, PHOTO, BDAY, ADR, LABEL, TEL, EMAIL,
MAILER, TZ, GEO, TITLE, ROLE, LOGO, AGENT, ORG, CATEGORIES, NOTE,
PRODID, REV, SORT-STRING, SOUND, URL, UID, VERSION, CLASS, KEY
New parameters: TYPE
Profile special notes: The vCard object MUST contain the FN, N and
VERSION types. The type-grouping feature of [MIME-DIR] is supported
by this profile to group related vCard properties about a directory
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RFC 2426 vCard MIME Directory Profile September 1998
entry. For example, vCard properties describing WORK or HOME related
characteristics can be grouped with a unique group label.
The profile permits the use of non-standard types (i.e., those
identified with the prefix string "X-") as a flexible method for
implementations to extend the functionality currently defined within
this profile.
2. MIME Directory Features
The vCard MIME Directory Profile makes use of many of the features
defined by [MIME-DIR]. The following sections either clarify or
extend the content-type definition of [MIME-DIR].
2.1 Predefined Type Usage
The vCard MIME Directory Profile uses the following predefined types
from [MIME-DIR].
2.1.1 BEGIN and END Type
The content entity MUST begin with the BEGIN type with a value of
"VCARD". The content entity MUST end with the END type with a value
of "VCARD".
2.1.2 NAME Type
If the NAME type is present, then its value is the displayable,
presentation text associated with the source for the vCard, as
specified in the SOURCE type.
2.1.3 PROFILE Type
If the PROFILE type is present, then its value MUST be "VCARD".
2.1.4 SOURCE Type
If the SOURCE type is present, then its value provides information
how to find the source for the vCard.
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RFC 2426 vCard MIME Directory Profile September 1998
2.2 Predefined Type Parameter Usage
The vCard MIME Directory Profile uses the following predefined type
parameters as defined by [MIME-DIR].
- LANGUAGE
- ENCODING
- VALUE
2.3 Predefined VALUE Type Usage
The predefined data type values specified in [MIME-DIR] MUST NOT be
repeated in COMMA separated value lists except within the N,
NICKNAME, ADR and CATEGORIES value types.
The text value type defined in [MIME-DIR] is further restricted such
that any SEMI-COLON character (ASCII decimal 59) in the value MUST be
escaped with the BACKSLASH character (ASCII decimal 92).
2.4 Extensions To The Predefined VALUE Types
The predefined data type values specified in [MIME-DIR] have been
extended by the vCard profile to include a number of value types that
are specific to this profile.
2.4.1 BINARY
The "binary" value type specifies that the type value is inline,
encoded binary data. This value type can be specified in the PHOTO,
LOGO, SOUND, and KEY types.
If inline encoded binary data is specified, the ENCODING type
parameter MUST be used to specify the encoding format. The binary
data MUST be encoded using the "B" encoding format. Long lines of
encoded binary data SHOULD BE folded to 75 characters using the
folding method defined in [MIME-DIR].
The value type is defined by the following notation:
binary = <A "B" binary encoded string as defined by [RFC 2047].>
2.4.2 VCARD
The "vcard" value type specifies that the type value is another
vCard. This value type can be specified in the AGENT type. The value
type is defined by this specification. Since each of the type
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RFC 2426 vCard MIME Directory Profile September 1998
declarations with in the vcard value type are being specified within
a text value themselves, they MUST be terminated with the backslash
escape sequence "\n" or "\N", instead of the normal newline character
sequence CRLF. In addition, any COMMA character (ASCII decimal 44),
SEMI-COLON character (ASCII decimal 59) and COLON character (ASCII
decimal 58) MUST be escaped with the BACKSLASH character (ASCII
decimal 92). For example, with the AGENT type a value would be
specified as:
AGENT:BEGIN:VCARD\nFN:Joe Friday\nTEL:+1-919-555-7878\n
TITLE:Area Administrator\, Assistant\n EMAIL\;TYPE=INTERN\n
ET:jfriday@host.com\nEND:VCARD\n
2.4.3 PHONE-NUMBER
The "phone-number" value type specifies that the type value is a
telephone number. This value type can be specified in the TEL type.
The value type is a text value that has the special semantics of a
telephone number as defined in [CCITT E.163] and [CCITT X.121].
2.4.4 UTC-OFFSET
The "utc-offset" value type specifies that the type value is a signed
offset from UTC. This value type can be specified in the TZ type.
The value type is an offset from Coordinated Universal Time (UTC). It
is specified as a positive or negative difference in units of hours
and minutes (e.g., +hh:mm). The time is specified as a 24-hour clock.
Hour values are from 00 to 23, and minute values are from 00 to 59.
Hour and minutes are 2-digits with high order zeroes required to
maintain digit count. The extended format for ISO 8601 UTC offsets
MUST be used. The extended format makes use of a colon character as a
separator of the hour and minute text fields.
The value is defined by the following notation:
time-hour = 2DIGIT ;00-23
time-minute = 2DIGIT ;00-59
utc-offset = ("+" / "-") time-hour ":" time-minute
2.5 Structured Type Values
Compound type values are delimited by a field delimiter, specified by
the SEMI-COLON character (ASCII decimal 59). A SEMI-COLON in a
component of a compound property value MUST be escaped with a
BACKSLASH character (ASCII decimal 92).
Dawson & Howes Standards Track [Page 7]
RFC 2426 vCard MIME Directory Profile September 1998
Lists of values are delimited by a list delimiter, specified by the
COMMA character (ASCII decimal 44). A COMMA character in a value MUST
be escaped with a BACKSLASH character (ASCII decimal 92).
This profile supports the type grouping mechanism defined in [MIME-
DIR]. Grouping of related types is a useful technique to communicate
common semantics concerning the properties of a vCard.
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