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<!DOCTYPE html  PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd"><html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">   <head>      <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8"></meta>      <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="../CSS/tutorial.css"></link>      <title>XML Tutorial - Contents</title>      <base target="_top"></base>   </head>   <body>      <table width="100%">         <tr>            <td><span class="mediumText"><b>&gt;&gt;&nbsp;English&nbsp;&lt;&lt;</b> | <a class="naviBlack" target="_top" href="../General_cze/contents.html">&#269;esky</a> | <a class="naviBlack" target="_top" href="../General_spa/contents.html">Espa&ntilde;ol</a> | <a class="naviBlack" target="_top" href="../General_por/contents.html">Portugu&ecirc;s</a> | <a class="naviBlack" target="_top" href="../General_tur/contents.html">T&uuml;rk&ccedil;e</a> | <a class="naviBlack" target="_top" href="../General_dut/contents.html">Nederlands</a> | <a class="naviBlack" target="_top" href="../General_rus/contents.html">&#1055;&#1086;-&#1088;&#1091;&#1089;&#1089;&#1082;&#1080;</a> | <a class="naviBlack" target="_top" href="../General_ger/contents.html">Deutsch</a> | <a class="naviBlack" target="_top" href="../General_fre/contents.html">Fran&ccedil;ais</a> | <a class="naviBlack" target="_top" href="../General_ita/contents.html">Italiano</a> | <a class="naviBlack" target="_top" href="../General_chi/contents.html">&#20013;&#25991;</a></span></td>            <td style="text-align:right"><span class="mediumText"><a class="naviBlack" target="_top" href="http://www.zvon.org">ZVON</a>                  		&gt;                  		<a class="naviBlack" target="_top" href="http://www.zvon.org/index.php?nav_id=tutorials">Tutorials</a>                  		&gt;                  		<b>XML Tutorial</b></span></td>         </tr>      </table>      <table class="bar" width="750px" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">         <tr>            <td class="naviBlue"><a class="naviWhite" target="_top" href="../General/book.html">Intro</a>                	/               	  <a class="naviWhite" target="_top" href="http://zvon.org/search.php">Search</a>                	/               	<a class="naviWhite" target="_top" href="http://www.zvon.org"> ZVON </a></td>         </tr>      </table><br></br><h3>Contents</h3>      <table border="0" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0">         <tr>            <th class="d1"><a class="indexExample" href="../Output/example1.html">&nbsp;Example 1&nbsp;</a></th>            <td class="d1"><a name="1"></a>XML document must contain one or more elements.            </td>         </tr>         <tr>            <th class="d0"><a class="indexExample" href="../Output/example2.html">&nbsp;Example 2&nbsp;</a></th>            <td class="d0"><a name="2"></a>There is exactly one element, called the root, or document element, no part of which appears in the content of any other                element.            </td>         </tr>         <tr>            <th class="d1"><a class="indexExample" href="../Output/example3.html">&nbsp;Example 3&nbsp;</a></th>            <td class="d1"><a name="3"></a>The name in an element's end-tag must match the element type in the start-tag. Names are case-sensitive            </td>         </tr>         <tr>            <th class="d0"><a class="indexExample" href="../Output/example4.html">&nbsp;Example 4&nbsp;</a></th>            <td class="d0"><a name="4"></a>If the start-tag is in the content of another element, the end-tag is in the content of the same element. More simply stated,               the elements, delimited by start- and end-tags, nest properly within each other.             </td>         </tr>         <tr>            <th class="d1"><a class="indexExample" href="../Output/example5.html">&nbsp;Example 5&nbsp;</a></th>            <td class="d1"><a name="5"></a>The end of every element that begins with a start-tag must be marked by an end-tag containing a name that echoes the element's               type as given in the start-tag. The text between the start-tag and end-tag is called the element's content. An element without               content can take a special form: &lt;name/&gt; . The slash before &gt; substitutes the end tag.              </td>         </tr>         <tr>            <th class="d0"><a class="indexExample" href="../Output/example6.html">&nbsp;Example 6&nbsp;</a></th>            <td class="d0"><a name="6"></a>Element names can contain letters, digits, hyphens, underscores, colons, or full stops. A colon can be used only in a special               case where it separates so called  namespace. Element names starting with xml, XML or other combination of cases of this string               are reserved for the standard.               </td>         </tr>         <tr>            <th class="d1"><a class="indexExample" href="../Output/example7.html">&nbsp;Example 7&nbsp;</a></th>            <td class="d1"><a name="7"></a>An element can have none, one or several attributes. Permitted characters are the same as for element names. The name of attribute               is separated from its value by =. The attribute value must be given inside apostrophes '...' or double-quotes  "..." . If               an apostrophe or double-quote is used in the attribute value the opposite delimiter must be used.              </td>         </tr>         <tr>            <th class="d0"><a class="indexExample" href="../Output/example8.html">&nbsp;Example 8&nbsp;</a></th>            <td class="d0"><a name="8"></a>Characters &lt; and &amp; cannot be used in text as they are used in markup. If  these characters are needed  &amp;lt; must be used insted               of &lt; and &amp;amp; instead of &amp;             </td>         </tr>         <tr>            <th class="d1"><a class="indexExample" href="../Output/example9.html">&nbsp;Example 9&nbsp;</a></th>            <td class="d1"><a name="9"></a>Characters &gt;, " , and ' can be also substituted by &amp;gt; , &amp;quot; and &amp;apos; , respectively            </td>         </tr>         <tr>            <th class="d0"><a class="indexExample" href="../Output/example10.html">&nbsp;Example 10&nbsp;</a></th>            <td class="d0"><a name="10"></a>Comments may appear anywhere in a document outside other markup. An XML processor may, but need not, make it possible for               an application to retrieve the text of comments. The string "--" (double-hyphen) must not occur within comments.             </td>         </tr>         <tr>            <th class="d1"><a class="indexExample" href="../Output/example11.html">&nbsp;Example 11&nbsp;</a></th>            <td class="d1"><a name="11"></a>Processing instructions (PIs) allow documents to contain instructions for applications.             </td>         </tr>         <tr>            <th class="d0"><a class="indexExample" href="../Output/example12.html">&nbsp;Example 12&nbsp;</a></th>            <td class="d0"><a name="12"></a>CDATA sections  are used to escape blocks of text containing characters which would otherwise be recognized as markup. CDATA               sections begin with the string "&lt;![CDATA[" and end with               the string "]]&gt;". The string ']]&gt;' must not occur inside CDATA section.             </td>         </tr>         <tr>            <th class="d1"><a class="indexExample" href="../Output/example13.html">&nbsp;Example 13&nbsp;</a></th>            <td class="d1"><a name="13"></a>XML documents may, and should, begin with an XML declaration which specifies the version of XML being used.             </td>         </tr>      </table>   </body></html>

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