《编程之道》(小赵译版) - [蓝森林-自由软件].htm

一篇绝对不能错过的好文章！

                  <P>Who can tell the secrets of their hearts and minds? 
                  <BR><FONT color=black>谁能道尽他们的所有？</FONT> 
                  <P>The answer exists only in the Tao. <BR><FONT 
                  color=black>答案仅存于道。</FONT> 
                  <H4>2.2</H4>Grand Master Turing once dreamed that he was a 
                  machine. When he awoke he exclaimed: <BR><FONT 
                  color=black>超级大师图灵曾梦见自己是一台机器，醒后他这样回忆：</FONT> 
                  <P>
                  <BLOCKQUOTE>"I don't know whether I am Turing dreaming that 
                    I am a machine, or a machine dreaming that I am 
                    Turing!"<BR><BR><FONT 
                    color=black>“我不知道是图灵梦见自己变成机器还是机器梦见自己变成图灵。”</FONT> 
</BLOCKQUOTE>
                  <H4>2.3</H4>A programmer from a very large computer company 
                  went to a software conference and then returned to report to 
                  his manager, saying: "What sort of programmers work for other 
                  companies? They behaved badly and were unconcerned with 
                  appearances. Their hair was long and unkempt and their clothes 
                  were wrinkled and old. They crashed out hospitality suites and 
                  they made rude noises during my presentation." <BR><FONT 
                  color=black>一个大公司的程序员参加一个软件会议后向他的主管汇报：“那些别的公司的程序员都是些什么样的人呀？他们举止不雅，不修边幅，头发蓬乱，衣服破旧，根本不热情好客，还在我说话的时候乱嚷嚷。”</FONT> 

                  <P>The manager said: "I should have never sent you to the 
                  conference. Those programmers live beyond the physical world. 
                  They consider life absurd, an accidental coincidence. They 
                  come and go without knowing limitations. Without a care, they 
                  live only for their programs. Why should they bother with 
                  social conventions?" <BR><FONT 
                  color=black>他的主管说：“我不应该让你参加这次会议，这些程序员生活在现实世界之外。他们认为生活是可笑的，一场意外的偶然而已。他们来去自由，无所牵挂，他们只为他们的程序生活。为什么要用世俗的烦扰去扰乱他们呢？”</FONT> 

                  <P>"They are alive within the Tao." <BR><FONT 
                  color=black>“他们生活在道中”。</FONT> 
                  <H4>2.4</H4>A novice asked the Master: "Here is a programmer 
                  that never designs, documents, or tests his programs. Yet all 
                  who know him consider him one of the best programmers in the 
                  world. Why is this?" <BR><FONT 
                  color=black>一个初学者问主管经理：“有一个程序员，他从来不预先设计，也不写文档，甚至不测试他的程序，但是知道他的人都认为他是世界上最伟大的程序员，为什么呢？”</FONT> 

                  <P>The Master replies: "That programmer has mastered the Tao. 
                  He has gone beyond the need for design; he does not become 
                  angry when the system crashes, but accepts the universe 
                  without concern. He has gone beyond the need for 
                  documentation; he no longer cares if anyone else sees his 
                  code. He has gone beyond the need for testing; each of his 
                  programs are perfect within themselves, serene and elegant, 
                  their purpose self-evident. Truly, he has entered the mystery 
                  of the Tao." <BR><FONT 
                  color=black>经理说：“那个程序员掌握了道。他不需要预先进行设计；系统崩溃时他也从不烦燥，只是接受发生的一切而不管发生的事是好是坏 
                  。他不需要写文档，他从不顾及有没有人看他写的代码。他也不需要进行测试；他写的每个程序都有一个完美的自我，平静而优雅，它们的目的不言自明。他已经真正掌握了道的精髓。”</FONT> 

                  <HR>

                  <H3><A name=book3>Design</A><BR>Book Three</H3>
                  <P>Thus spake the master programmer: <BR><FONT 
                  color=black>编程大师如是说：</FONT> 
                  <BLOCKQUOTE>"When program is being tested, it is too late to 
                    make design changes."<BR><BR><FONT 
                    color=black>“程序被测试时再去改变它的设计已经太晚了。”</FONT> </BLOCKQUOTE>
                  <H4>3.1</H4>There once was a man who went to a computer trade 
                  show. Each day as he entered, the man told the guard at the 
                  door: <BR><FONT color=black>曾经有一个人参加计算机展览，每天他进门时都对门卫说：</FONT> 
                  <P>
                  <BLOCKQUOTE>"I am a great thief, renowned for my feats of 
                    shoplifting. Be forewarned, for this trade show shall not 
                    escape unplundered." <BR><FONT 
                    color=black>“先警告你，我是偷盗高手，我入室偷盗的本领闻名遐迩。这次展览会也再劫难逃。”</FONT> 
                  </BLOCKQUOTE>
                  <P>This speech disturbed the guard greatly, because there were 
                  millions of dollars of computer equipment inside, so he 
                  watched the man carefully. But the man merely wandered from 
                  booth to booth, humming quietly to himself. <BR><FONT 
                  color=black>警卫因此大动干戈，因为里面有价值百万的计算机设备，所以他牢牢盯紧了这个人，但是这个人只是从一个摊位逛到另一个摊位，一边平静地喃喃自语。</FONT> 

                  <P>When the man left, the guard took him aside and searched 
                  his clothes, but nothing was to be found. <BR><FONT 
                  color=black>当这个人离开时，警卫搜了他的身，但是什么也没有发现。</FONT> 
                  <P>On the next day of the trade show, the man returned and 
                  chided the guard saying: "I escaped with a vast booty 
                  yesterday, but today will be even better." So the guard 
                  watched him ever more closely, but to no avail. <BR><FONT 
                  color=black>展览会的第二天，这个人又对警卫说：“昨天我满载而归，但是今天我会收获更大。”所以警卫更加小心地盯紧他，但是这样做完全于事无补。</FONT> 

                  <P>On the final day of the trade show, the guard could 
                  restrain his curiosity no longer. "Sir Thief," he said, "I am 
                  so perplexed, I cannot live in peace. Please enlighten me. 
                  What is it that you are stealing?" <BR><FONT 
                  color=black>展览会的最后一天，警卫再也不能忍住他的好奇心了。“小偷先生，”他说，“ 
                  你说我惊慌不安，请告诉我，你到底偷了什么？”。</FONT> 
                  <P>The man smiled. "I am stealing ideas," he said. <BR><FONT 
                  color=black>这个人笑笑说：“我在偷想法。”</FONT> 
                  <H4>3.2</H4>There once was a master programmer who wrote 
                  unstructured programs. A novice programmer, seeking to imitate 
                  him, also began to write unstructured programs. When the 
                  novice asked the master to evaluate his progress, the master 
                  criticized him for writing unstructured programs, saying: 
                  "What is appropriate for the master is not appropriate for the 
                  novice. You must understand the Tao before transcending 
                  structure." <BR><FONT 
                  color=black>有一位编程大师，他写非结构化的程序，一位初学者刻意模仿他，也写非结构化的程序。当他让大师看他的进步时，大师批评了他的非结构化程序：“ 
                  对一位编程大师合适的东西未必对一个初学者同样合适，在超越结构化之前，你必须理解编程之道。”</FONT> 
                  <H4>3.3</H4>There was once a programmer who was attached to 
                  the court of the warlord of Wu. The warlord asked the 
                  programmer: "Which is easier to design: an accounting package 
                  or an operating system?" <BR><FONT 
                  color=black>###有人问一位程序员，“一个财务软件和一个操作系统哪个更容易设计？”</FONT> 
                  <P>"An operating system," replied the programmer. <BR><FONT 
                  color=black>“是操作系统”，这位程序员回答说。</FONT> 
                  <P>The warlord uttered an exclamation of disbelief. "Surely an 
                  accounting package is trivial next to the complexity of an 
                  operating system," he said. <BR><FONT 
                  color=black>此人大惑不解。他说：“显然一个财务软件比起操作系统来说其复杂性是微不足道的”。</FONT> 
                  <P>"Not so," said the programmer, "when designing an 
                  accounting package, the programmer operates as a mediator 
                  between people having different ideas: how it must operate, 
                  how its reports must appear, and how it must conform to the 
                  tax laws. By contrast, an operating system is not limited my 
                  outside appearances. When designing an operating system, the 
                  programmer seeks the simplest harmony between machine and 
                  ideas. This is why an operating system is easier to design." 
                  <BR><FONT 
                  color=black>程序员说：“不，设计财务软件时，一个程序员必须成为持不同意见的用户与计算机的一个中介，他必须了解用户的操作习惯，报表要是什么形式，如何遵循税法。相反，一个操作系统完全与这些外部的东西无关。设计操作系统，程序员只需要达到自己的设想与机器之间的简单的和谐。这就是为什么操作系统反而比财务软件更容易设计。”</FONT> 

                  <P>The warlord of Wu nodded and smiled. "That is all good and 
                  well, but which is easier to debug?" <BR><FONT 
                  color=black>这些人笑着说。“不错，但是哪一个更容易调试呢？”</FONT> 
                  <P>The programmer made no reply. <BR><FONT 
                  color=black>程序员没有回答。</FONT> 
                  <H4>3.4</H4>A manager went to the master programmer and showed 
                  him the requirements document for a new application. The 
                  manager asked the master: "How long will it take to design 
                  this system if I assign five programmers to it?" <BR><FONT 
                  color=black>一个项目经理带给编程大师一个项目的需求，然后问大师：“如果我给你5个程序员，要多少时间设计这个项目？”</FONT> 

                  <P>"It will take one year," said the master promptly. 
                  <BR><FONT color=black>“一年”，大师说。</FONT> 
                  <P>"But we need this system immediately or even sooner! How 
                  long will it take it I assign ten programmers to it?" 
                  <BR><FONT color=black>“但是我们等不了那么长时间，越快越好，如果10程序员呢？”</FONT> 
                  <P>The master programmer frowned. "In that case, it will take 
                  two years." <BR><FONT color=black>大师皱了一下眉头说：“那就要花2年”。</FONT> 
                  <P>"And what if I assign a hundred programmers to it?" 
                  <BR><FONT color=black>“那，100年程序员呢？”</FONT> 
                  <P>The master programmer shrugged. "Then the design will never 
                  be completed," he said. <BR><FONT 
                  color=black>大师耸了耸肩说：“那这个项目就永远完不成了。”</FONT> 
                  <P>
                  <HR>

                  <H3><A name=book4>Coding</A><BR>Book Four</H3>
                  <P>Thus spake the master programmer: <BR><FONT 
                  color=black>编程大师如是说：</FONT> 
                  <BLOCKQUOTE>"A well-written program is its own heaven;<BR>a 
                    poorly-written program is its own hell." <BR><FONT 
                    color=black>“写的好的程序是它自己的天堂，写的不好的程序是它自己的地狱”</FONT> 
</BLOCKQUOTE>
                  <P>
                  <H4>4.1</H4>A program should be light and agile, its 
                  subroutines connected like a strings of pearls. The spirit and 
                  intent of the program should be retained throughout. There 
                  should be neither too little nor too much, neither needless 
                  loops nor useless variables, neither lack of structure nor 
                  overwhelming rigidity. <BR><FONT 
                  color=black>一个程序应该是轻灵自由的，它的子过程就象串在一根线上的珍珠。自始至终，目标明确。增之一字节则太长，减之一字节则太短。既没有不必要的循环也没有没有被引用的变量，既不缺少结构化也不至于僵硬呆板。</FONT> 

                  <P>A program should follow the <I>Law of Least 
                  Astonishment</I>. What is this law? It is simply that the 
                  program should always respond to the user in the way that 
                  astonishes him least. <BR><FONT 
                  color=black>一个程序应该遵循``最小惊讶原则''，什么是``最小惊讶原则''？就是说一个程序应该最小程度地引起用户的惊讶。</FONT> 

                  <P>A program, no matter how complex, should act as a single 
                  unit. The program should be directed by the logic within 
                  rather than by outward appearances. <BR><FONT 
                  color=black>无论一个程序无论有多么复杂都应该是一个单一的整体。程序是被它的内部逻辑所指引而不是它的外观表现。</FONT> 

                  <P>If the program fails in these requirements, it will be in a 
                  state of disorder and confusion. The only way to correct this 
                  is to rewrite the program. <BR><FONT 
                  color=black>如果一个程序不能满足所要的需求，它就会处于混乱无序的状态中。唯一的出路就是重写这个程序。</FONT> 

                  <H4>4.2</H4>A novice asked the master: "I have a program that 
                  sometimes runs and sometimes aborts. I have followed the rules 
                  of programming, yet I am totally baffled. What is the reason 
                  for this?" <BR><FONT 
                  color=black>一个初学者问大师：“我的一个程序有时正常有时不正常。我已经完全遵循编程的规则，而且我完全被它弄糊涂了，到底是什么原因会导致这样呢？”</FONT> 

                  <P>The master replied: "You are confused because you do not 
                  understand the Tao. Only a fool expects rational behavior from 
                  his fellow humans. Why do you expect it from a machine that