tcpip-manpages.sgml

ecos实时嵌入式操作系统

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<chapter id="tcpip-library-reference">
  <title>TCP/IP Library Reference</title>


  <sect1 id="net-common-tcpip-manpages-getdomainname">
    <title>getdomainname</title>
    <screen>
GETDOMAINNAME(3)        System Library Functions Manual       GETDOMAINNAME(3)

NAME
     getdomainname, setdomainname - get/set YP domain name of current host

SYNOPSIS
     #include &lt;unistd.h>

     int
     getdomainname(char *name, size_t namelen);

     int
     setdomainname(const char *name, size_t namelen);

DESCRIPTION
     The getdomainname() function returns the YP domain name for the current
     processor, as previously set by setdomainname().  The parameter namelen
     specifies the size of the name array.  If insufficient space is provided,
     the returned name is truncated.  The returned name is always null termi-
     nated.

     setdomainname() sets the domain name of the host machine to be name,
     which has length namelen.  This call is restricted to the superuser and
     is normally used only when the system is bootstrapped.

RETURN VALUES
     If the call succeeds a value of 0 is returned.  If the call fails, a
     value of -1 is returned and an error code is placed in the global vari-
     able errno.

ERRORS
     The following errors may be returned by these calls:

     [EFAULT]           The name or namelen parameter gave an invalid address.

     [EPERM]            The caller tried to set the domain name and was not
                        the superuser.

SEE ALSO
     domainname(1), gethostid(3), gethostname(3), sysctl(3), sysctl(8), yp(8)

BUGS
     Domain names are limited to MAXHOSTNAMELEN (from &lt;sys/param.h>) charac-
     ters, currently 256.  This includes the terminating NUL character.

     If the buffer passed to getdomainname() is too small, other operating
     systems may not guarantee termination with NUL.

HISTORY
     The getdomainname function call appeared in SunOS 3.x.

BSD                               May 6, 1994                              BSD
    </screen>
  </sect1>

  <sect1 id="net-common-tcpip-manpages-gethostname">
    <title>gethostname</title>
    <screen>
GETHOSTNAME(3)          System Library Functions Manual         GETHOSTNAME(3)

NAME
     gethostname, sethostname - get/set name of current host

SYNOPSIS
     #include &lt;unistd.h>

     int
     gethostname(char *name, size_t namelen);

     int
     sethostname(const char *name, size_t namelen);

DESCRIPTION
     The gethostname() function returns the standard host name for the current
     processor, as previously set by sethostname().  The parameter namelen
     specifies the size of the name array.  If insufficient space is provided,
     the returned name is truncated.  The returned name is always null termi-
     nated.

     sethostname() sets the name of the host machine to be name, which has
     length namelen.  This call is restricted to the superuser and is normally
     used only when the system is bootstrapped.

RETURN VALUES
     If the call succeeds a value of 0 is returned.  If the call fails, a
     value of -1 is returned and an error code is placed in the global vari-
     able errno.

ERRORS
     The following errors may be returned by these calls:

     [EFAULT]           The name or namelen parameter gave an invalid address.

     [EPERM]            The caller tried to set the hostname and was not the
                        superuser.

SEE ALSO
     hostname(1), getdomainname(3), gethostid(3), sysctl(3), sysctl(8), yp(8)

STANDARDS
     The gethostname() function call conforms to X/Open Portability Guide
     Issue 4.2 (``XPG4.2'').

HISTORY
     The gethostname() function call appeared in 4.2BSD.

BUGS
     Host names are limited to MAXHOSTNAMELEN (from &lt;sys/param.h>) characters,
     currently 256.  This includes the terminating NUL character.

     If the buffer passed to gethostname() is smaller than MAXHOSTNAMELEN,
     other operating systems may not guarantee termination with NUL.

BSD                              June 4, 1993                              BSD
    </screen>
  </sect1>

  <sect1 id="net-common-tcpip-manpages-byteorder">
    <title>byteorder</title>
    <screen>
BYTEORDER(3)            System Library Functions Manual           BYTEORDER(3)

NAME
     htonl, htons, ntohl, ntohs, htobe32, htobe16, betoh32, betoh16, htole32,
     htole16, letoh32, letoh16, swap32, swap16 - convert values between dif-
     ferent byte orderings

SYNOPSIS
     #include &lt;sys/types.h>
     #include &lt;machine/endian.h>

     u_int32_t
     htonl(u_int32_t host32);

     u_int16_t
     htons(u_int16_t host16);

     u_int32_t
     ntohl(u_int32_t net32);

     u_int16_t
     ntohs(u_int16_t net16);

     u_int32_t
     htobe32(u_int32_t host32);

     u_int16_t
     htobe16(u_int16_t host16);

     u_int32_t
     betoh32(u_int32_t big32);

     u_int16_t
     betoh16(u_int16_t big16);

     u_int32_t
     htole32(u_int32_t host32);

     u_int16_t
     htole16(u_int16_t host16);

     u_int32_t
     letoh32(u_int32_t little32);

     u_int16_t
     letoh16(u_int16_t little16);

     u_int32_t
     swap32(u_int32_t val32);

     u_int16_t
     swap16(u_int16_t val16);

DESCRIPTION
     These routines convert 16- and 32-bit quantities between different byte
     orderings.  The ``swap'' functions reverse the byte ordering of the given
     quantity, the others converts either from/to the native byte order used
     by the host to/from either little- or big-endian (a.k.a network) order.

     Apart from the swap functions, the names can be described by this form:
     {src-order}to{dst-order}{size}.  Both {src-order} and {dst-order} can
     take the following forms:

           h    Host order.
           n    Network order (big-endian).
           be   Big-endian (most significant byte first).
           le   Little-endian (least significant byte first).

     One of the specified orderings must be `h'.  {size} will take these
     forms:

           l  Long (32-bit, used in conjunction with forms involving `n').
           s  Short (16-bit, used in conjunction with forms involving `n').
           16
              16-bit.
           32
              32-bit.

     The swap functions are of the form: swap{size}.

     Names involving `n' convert quantities between network byte order and
     host byte order.  The last letter (`s' or `l') is a mnemonic for the tra-
     ditional names for such quantities, short and long, respectively.  Today,
     the C concept of short and long integers need not coincide with this tra-
     ditional misunderstanding.  On machines which have a byte order which is
     the same as the network order, routines are defined as null macros.

     The functions involving either ``be'', ``le'', or ``swap'' use the num-
     bers 16 and 32 for specifying the bitwidth of the quantities they operate
     on.  Currently all supported architectures are either big- or little-
     endian so either the ``be'' or ``le'' variants are implemented as null
     macros.

     The routines mentioned above which have either {src-order} or {dst-order}
     set to `n' are most often used in conjunction with Internet addresses and
     ports as returned by gethostbyname(3) and getservent(3).

SEE ALSO
     gethostbyname(3), getservent(3)

HISTORY
     The byteorder functions appeared in 4.2BSD.

BUGS
     On the vax, alpha, i386, and so far mips, bytes are handled backwards
     from most everyone else in the world.  This is not expected to be fixed
     in the near future.

BSD                              June 4, 1993                              BSD
    </screen>
  </sect1>

  <sect1 id="net-common-tcpip-manpages-ethers">
    <title>ethers</title>
    <screen>
ETHERS(3)               System Library Functions Manual              ETHERS(3)

NAME
     ether_aton, ether_ntoa, ether_addr, ether_ntohost, ether_hostton,
     ether_line - get ethers entry

SYNOPSIS
     #include &lt;netinet/if_ether.h>

     char *
     ether_ntoa(struct ether_addr *e);

     struct ether_addr *
     ether_aton(char *s);

     int
     ether_ntohost(char *hostname, struct ether_addr *e);

     int
     ether_hostton(char *hostname, struct ether_addr *e);

     int
     ether_line(char *l, struct ether_addr *e, char *hostname);

DESCRIPTION
     Ethernet addresses are represented by the following structure:

           struct ether_addr {
                   u_int8_t  ether_addr_octet[6];
           };

     The ether_ntoa() function converts this structure into an ASCII string of
     the form ``xx:xx:xx:xx:xx:xx'', consisting of 6 hexadecimal numbers sepa-
     rated by colons.  It returns a pointer to a static buffer that is reused
     for each call.  The ether_aton() converts an ASCII string of the same
     form and to a structure containing the 6 octets of the address.  It
     returns a pointer to a static structure that is reused for each call.

     The ether_ntohost() and ether_hostton() functions interrogate the
     database mapping host names to Ethernet addresses, /etc/ethers.  The
     ether_ntohost() function looks up the given Ethernet address and writes
     the associated host name into the character buffer passed.  This buffer
     should be MAXHOSTNAMELEN characters in size.  The ether_hostton() func-
     tion looks up the given host name and writes the associated Ethernet
     address into the structure passed.  Both functions return zero if they
     find the requested host name or address, and -1 if not.

     Each call reads /etc/ethers from the beginning; if a `+' appears alone on
     a line in the file, then ether_hostton() will consult the ethers.byname
     YP map, and ether_ntohost() will consult the ethers.byaddr YP map.

     The ether_line() function parses a line from the /etc/ethers file and
     fills in the passed struct ether_addr and character buffer with the Eth-
     ernet address and host name on the line.  It returns zero if the line was
     successfully parsed and -1 if not.  The character buffer should be
     MAXHOSTNAMELEN characters in size.

FILES
     /etc/ethers

SEE ALSO
     ethers(5)

HISTORY
     The ether_ntoa(), ether_aton(), ether_ntohost(), ether_hostton(), and
     ether_line() functions were adopted from SunOS and appeared in NetBSD 0.9
     b.

BUGS
     The data space used by these functions is static; if future use requires
     the data, it should be copied before any subsequent calls to these func-
     tions overwrite it.

BSD                            December 16, 1993                           BSD
    </screen>
  </sect1>

  <sect1 id="net-common-tcpip-manpages-getaddrinfo">
    <title>getaddrinfo</title>
    <screen>
GETADDRINFO(3)          System Library Functions Manual         GETADDRINFO(3)

NAME
     getaddrinfo, freeaddrinfo, gai_strerror - nodename-to-address translation
     in protocol-independent manner

SYNOPSIS
     #include &lt;sys/types.h>