oobject102303.htm

UML基础(好)

            </a></font><font face="新細明體" color="#000000"><a href="javascript:if(confirm('http://www.dotspace.twmail.net/umlcolumn/articles/umlwriting/image/tipuml03fig1.gif  \n\nThis file was not retrieved by Teleport Pro, because it is addressed on a domain or path outside the boundaries set for its Starting Address.  \n\nDo you want to open it from the server?'))window.location='http://www.dotspace.twmail.net/umlcolumn/articles/umlwriting/image/tipuml03fig1.gif'" tppabs="http://www.dotspace.twmail.net/umlcolumn/articles/umlwriting/image/tipuml03fig1.gif" target="blank">1</a> 
            </font><font color="#000000">中，遍及於 </font><font face="新細明體" color="#000000">UML 
            </font><font color="#000000">循序圖所使用的造型。對於分類詞，我應用 
            </font><font face="新細明體" color="#000000">&lt;&lt;actor&gt;&gt;</font><font color="#000000">、</font><font face="新細明體" color="#000000">&lt;&lt;controller&gt;&gt; 
            </font><font color="#000000">和 </font><font face="新細明體" color="#000000">&lt;&lt;UI&gt;&gt; 
            </font><font color="#000000">的造型，分別表示參與者、控制器類別或使用者介面 
            </font><font face="新細明體" color="#000000">(UI) </font><font color="#000000">類別。在這裡面，控制器類別是用來表達在設計期間對一個或多個類別的操作細節，以實作你系統裡的商業邏輯。通常 
            這類架構的策略是將系統區分為使用者介面層級、商業邏輯層級、系統層級和持久性層級。</font></p>
            <p><strong class="atitle2"><a name="2"><font color="#000000">訊息的造型</font></a><font face="新細明體" color="#000000">(Stereotyping 
            messages)</font></strong><font face="新細明體" color="#000000"><br>
            </font><font color="#000000">造型也被用在訊息上。</font><font face="新細明體" color="#000000">UML 
            </font><font color="#000000">圖型上常見的慣例是使用 </font><font face="新細明體" color="#000000">&lt;&lt;create&gt;&gt; 
            </font><font color="#000000">和 </font><font face="新細明體" color="#000000">&lt;&lt;destroy&gt;&gt; 
            </font><font color="#000000">造型，分別表示建構</font><font face="新細明體" color="#000000">(creation)</font><font color="#000000">和 
            解構</font><font face="新細明體" color="#000000">(destruction)</font><font color="#000000">的訊息。例如，您可以看到使用這種方法去建構</font><font face="新細明體" color="#000000">&nbsp; 
            &quot;:SecurityLogon&quot; </font><font color="#000000">物件。</font><font face="新細明體" color="#000000">(</font><font color="#000000">實際上，此訊息如同被發送到該類別，然後造成一個已建構物件的返回值，所以我有點作弊。</font><font face="新細明體" color="#000000">)</font><font color="#000000">大致上當視窗關閉，這物件隨後用同樣的方式消滅了它自己。在 
            </font><font face="新細明體" color="#000000">Java </font><font color="#000000">和 
            </font><font face="新細明體" color="#000000">C++ </font><font color="#000000">程式語言中，建構物件的方法稱為建構式</font><font face="新細明體" color="#000000">(constructors)</font><font color="#000000">，在 
            </font><font face="新細明體" color="#000000">C++ </font><font color="#000000">中，消滅物件的方法稱為解構式</font><font face="新細明體" color="#000000">(destructors)</font><font color="#000000">。</font><font face="新細明體" color="#000000">(Java 
            </font><font color="#000000">程式碼會自動管理記憶體，然而 
            </font><font face="新細明體" color="#000000">C++ </font><font color="#000000">卻不是如此，因此 
            </font><font face="新細明體" color="#000000">Java </font><font color="#000000">語言不需要解構式。）</font></p>
            <font face="新細明體">
            <p><strong class="atitle2"><a name="3"><font face="Comic Sans MS" color="#000000">UML 
            </font></a></strong></font><a name="3"><strong class="atitle2"><font color="#000000">註解</font></strong></a><font color="#000000"><br>
            </font><font face="新細明體" color="#000000">UML </font><font color="#000000">註解基本上是屬於自由型式的文字，可以放在任何 
            </font><font face="新細明體" color="#000000">UML </font><font color="#000000">圖型上，為圖型提供一個表頭，用以表明圖型標題及識別碼。</font><font face="新細明體" color="#000000">(</font><font color="#000000">正如你可能注意到，我對每件事都給予唯一的識別碼。</font><font face="新細明體" color="#000000">)</font><font color="#000000">註解是以一張右上角有摺疊的紙來表示。我也用註解來說明將來 
            無論是在分析或設計期間所要完成的工作。在這張圖型中，</font><font face="新細明體" color="#000000">&quot;qualifications()&quot; 
            </font><font color="#000000">訊息如同代表發送到 </font><font face="新細明體" color="#000000">Student 
            </font><font color="#000000">物件的一系列訊息。</font><font face="新細明體" color="#000000">UML 
            </font><font color="#000000">習慣使用虛線將註解及模型元素繫結在一起，即是此註解屬於該訊息所有。</font></p>
            <a name="resources">
            <p><strong class="atitle2"><font color="#000000">參考資料</font></strong></p>
            </a>
            <ul>
              <li><font face="Comic Sans MS"><a href="javascript:if(confirm('http://www.ambysoft.com/theObjectPrimer.html  \n\nThis file was not retrieved by Teleport Pro, because it is addressed on a domain or path outside the boundaries set for its Starting Address.  \n\nDo you want to open it from the server?'))window.location='http://www.ambysoft.com/theObjectPrimer.html'" tppabs="http://www.ambysoft.com/theObjectPrimer.html"><i><font color="#000000">The 
                Object Primer 2nd Edition</font></i></a><font color="#000000">，Scott 
                W. Ambler 著。New York: Cambridge University Press, 2001。</font></font></li>
              <li><font face="Comic Sans MS"><a href="javascript:if(confirm('http://www.ambysoft.com/inceptionPhase.html  \n\nThis file was not retrieved by Teleport Pro, because it is addressed on a domain or path outside the boundaries set for its Starting Address.  \n\nDo you want to open it from the server?'))window.location='http://www.ambysoft.com/inceptionPhase.html'" tppabs="http://www.ambysoft.com/inceptionPhase.html"><i><font color="#000000">The 
                Unified Process Inception Phase</font></i></a><font color="#000000"> 
                Scott W. Ambler 和 Larry L. Constantine 著。Gilroy, CA: 
                R&amp;D Books, 2000.</font></font></li>
              <li><font color="#000000" face="Comic Sans MS"><a href="javascript:if(confirm('http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/ASIN/020130998X/ambysoftinc  \n\nThis file was not retrieved by Teleport Pro, because it is addressed on a domain or path outside the boundaries set for its Starting Address.  \n\nDo you want to open it from the server?'))window.location='http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/ASIN/020130998X/ambysoftinc'" tppabs="http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/ASIN/020130998X/ambysoftinc"><i>The 
                Unified Modeling Language Reference Manual</i></a>，由 James 
                Rumbaugh、Grady Booch 和 Ivar Jacobson 合著。Reading, MA: 
                Addison-Wesley Longman, Inc., 1999。</font></li>
            </ul>
            <a name="author">
            <p><font color="#000000"><strong class="atitle2">關於作者</strong><br>
            <img height="80" alt="Scott Ambler 玉照" src="scottambler.jpg" tppabs="http://www.dotspace.twmail.net/umlcolumn/articles/umlwriting/image/scottambler.jpg" width="64" align="left" border="0"><font face="Comic Sans MS">Scott 
            W. Ambler </font>是 </font></a><font color="#000000"><font face="Comic Sans MS"><a href="javascript:if(confirm('http://www.ronin-intl.com/  \n\nThis file was not retrieved by Teleport Pro, because it is addressed on a domain or path outside the boundaries set for its Starting Address.  \n\nDo you want to open it from the server?'))window.location='http://www.ronin-intl.com/'" tppabs="http://www.ronin-intl.com/">Ronin 
            International</a> </font>的總裁，該公司是一家專門提供物件導向過程指導、體系結構塑模和 
            <font face="Comic Sans MS">Enterprise JavaBean (EJB) </font>開發的諮詢企業。他個人創作或者與其他人合著了幾本有關物件導向開發的書籍，包括最近出版的 
            <font face="Comic Sans MS"><i>The Object Primer 2nd Edition</i></font>，該書詳細介紹了本文所概述的主題。 
            可以透過 <font face="Comic Sans MS"><a href="mailto:[e-mail]">[e-mail]</a> 
            </font>與他聯繫，他的網站位於 <font face="Comic Sans MS"><a href="javascript:if(confirm('http://www.ambysoft.com/  \n\nThis file was not retrieved by Teleport Pro, because it is addressed on a domain or path outside the boundaries set for its Starting Address.  \n\nDo you want to open it from the server?'))window.location='http://www.ambysoft.com/'" tppabs="http://www.ambysoft.com/">www.ambysoft.com</a></font>。</font></p>
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