oobject102001.htm

UML基础(好)

            currently doing business, or how it would like to do business. This 
            is because activity diagrams are "less technical" in 
            appearance, compared to sequence diagrams, and business-minded 
            people tend to understand them more quickly.</font></p>
            <p><font color="#000000">An activity diagram's notation set is 
            similar to that used in a statechart diagram. Like a statechart 
            diagram, the activity diagram starts with a solid circle connected 
            to the initial activity. The activity is modeled by drawing a 
            rectangle with rounded edges, enclosing the activity's name. 
            Activities can be connected to other activities through transition 
            lines, or to decision points that connect to different activities 
            guarded by conditions of the decision point. Activities that 
            terminate the modeled process are connected to a termination point 
            (just as in a statechart diagram). Optionally, the activities can be 
            grouped into swimlanes, which are used to indicate the object that 
            actually performs the activity, as shown in Figure 6.<br>
            </font></p>
            <h5 align="center"><a href="javascript:if(confirm('http://www.therationaledge.com/images/jun_03/bell_fig6.gif  \n\nThis file was not retrieved by Teleport Pro, because it is addressed on a domain or path outside the boundaries set for its Starting Address.  \n\nDo you want to open it from the server?'))window.location='http://www.therationaledge.com/images/jun_03/bell_fig6.gif'" tppabs="http://www.therationaledge.com/images/jun_03/bell_fig6.gif"><font color="#000000"><img height="521" alt="Figure 6: Activity diagram, with two swimlanes to indicate control of activity by two objects: the band manager, and the reporting tool" src="javascript:if(confirm('http://www.therationaledge.com/images/jun_03/bell_fig6.gif  \n\nThis file was not retrieved by Teleport Pro, because it is addressed on a domain or path outside the boundaries set for its Starting Address.  \n\nDo you want to open it from the server?'))window.location='http://www.therationaledge.com/images/jun_03/bell_fig6.gif'" tppabs="http://www.therationaledge.com/images/jun_03/bell_fig6.gif" width="439" border="0"></font></a></h5>
            <h5>　</h5>
            <div align="center">
              <h5>　</h5>
              <div align="center">
              </div>
              <h5><font color="#000000">Figure 6: Activity diagram, with two 
              swimlanes to indicate control of activity by two objects: the band 
              manager, and the reporting tool<br>
              </font></h5>
            </div>
            <p><font color="#000000">In our example activity diagram, we have 
            two swimlanes because we have two objects that control separate 
            activities: a band manager and a reporting tool. The process starts 
            with the band manager electing to view the sales report for one of 
            his bands. The reporting tool then retrieves and displays all the 
            bands that person manages and asks him to choose one. After the band 
            manager selects a band, the reporting tool retrieves the sales 
            information and displays the sales report. The activity diagram 
            shows that displaying the report is the last step in the process.</font></p>
            <h3><font color="#000000"><br>
            Component diagram</font></h3>
            <p><font color="#000000">A component diagram provides a physical 
            view of the system. Its purpose is to show the dependencies that the 
            software has on the other software components (e.g., software 
            libraries) in the system. The diagram can be shown at a very high 
            level, with just the large-grain components, or it can be shown at 
            the component package level.<a href="#footnotes"><sup>2</sup></a></font></p>
            <p><font color="#000000">Modeling a component diagram is best 
            described through an example. Figure 7 shows four components: 
            Reporting Tool, Billboard Service, Servlet 2.2 API, and JDBC API. 
            The arrowed lines from the Reporting Tool component to the Billboard 
            Service, Servlet 2.2 API, and JDBC API components mean that the 
            Reporting Tool is dependent on those three components.</font></p>
            <p><a href="javascript:if(confirm('http://www.therationaledge.com/images/jun_03/bell_fig7.gif  \n\nThis file was not retrieved by Teleport Pro, because it is addressed on a domain or path outside the boundaries set for its Starting Address.  \n\nDo you want to open it from the server?'))window.location='http://www.therationaledge.com/images/jun_03/bell_fig7.gif'" tppabs="http://www.therationaledge.com/images/jun_03/bell_fig7.gif"><font color="#000000"><img height="179" alt="Figure 7: A component diagram shows interdependencies of various software components " src="bell_fig7small.gif.htm" tppabs="http://www.therationaledge.com/images/jun_03/bell_fig7small.gif" width="540" border="0"></font></a></p>
            <div align="center">
            </div>
            <h5 align="center"><font color="#000000">Figure 7: A component 
            diagram shows interdependencies of<br>
            various software components the system comprises<br>
            <a href="javascript:if(confirm('http://www.therationaledge.com/images/jun_03/bell_fig7.gif  \n\nThis file was not retrieved by Teleport Pro, because it is addressed on a domain or path outside the boundaries set for its Starting Address.  \n\nDo you want to open it from the server?'))window.location='http://www.therationaledge.com/images/jun_03/bell_fig7.gif'" tppabs="http://www.therationaledge.com/images/jun_03/bell_fig7.gif">Click 
            to enlarge</a></font></h5>
            <h3><font color="#000000"><br>
            Deployment diagram</font></h3>
            <p><font color="#000000">The deployment diagram shows how a system 
            will be physically deployed in the hardware environment. Its purpose 
            is to show where the different components of the system will 
            physically run and how they will communicate with each other. Since 
            the diagram models the physical runtime, a system's production staff 
            will make considerable use of this diagram.</font></p>
            <p><font color="#000000">The notation in a deployment diagram 
            includes the notation elements used in a component diagram, with a 
            couple of additions, including the concept of a node. A node 
            represents either a physical machine or a virtual machine node 
            (e.g., a mainframe node). To model a node, simply draw a 
            three-dimensional cube with the name of the node at the top of the 
            cube. Use the naming convention used in sequence diagrams: [instance 
            name] : [instance type] (e.g., &quot;w3reporting.myco.com : 
            Application Server&quot;).<br>
            </font></p>
            <p align="center"><a href="javascript:if(confirm('http://www.therationaledge.com/images/jun_03/bell_fig8.gif  \n\nThis file was not retrieved by Teleport Pro, because it is addressed on a domain or path outside the boundaries set for its Starting Address.  \n\nDo you want to open it from the server?'))window.location='http://www.therationaledge.com/images/jun_03/bell_fig8.gif'" tppabs="http://www.therationaledge.com/images/jun_03/bell_fig8.gif"><font color="#000000"><img height="326" alt="Figure 8: Deployment diagram. Because the Reporting Tool component is drawn inside of IBM WebSphere, which in turn is drawn inside of the node w3.reporting.myco.com, we know that users will access the Reporting Tool via a browser running on their local machine, and connecting via HTTP over their company's intranet." src="bell_fig8s.gif.htm" tppabs="http://www.therationaledge.com/images/jun_03/bell_fig8s.gif" width="540" border="0"></font></a></p>
            <div align="center">
            </div>
            <h5 align="center"><font color="#000000">Figure 8: Deployment 
            diagram. Because the Reporting Tool component is drawn inside of IBM 
            WebSphere, which in turn is drawn inside of the node 
            w3.reporting.myco.com, we know that users will access the Reporting 
            Tool via a browser running on their local machine, and connecting 
            via HTTP over their company's intranet.<br>
            <a href="javascript:if(confirm('http://www.therationaledge.com/images/jun_03/bell_fig8.gif  \n\nThis file was not retrieved by Teleport Pro, because it is addressed on a domain or path outside the boundaries set for its Starting Address.  \n\nDo you want to open it from the server?'))window.location='http://www.therationaledge.com/images/jun_03/bell_fig8.gif'" tppabs="http://www.therationaledge.com/images/jun_03/bell_fig8.gif">Click 
            to enlarge</a></font></h5>
            <p><font color="#000000"><br>
            The deployment diagram in Figure 8 shows that the users access the 
            Reporting Tool by using a browser running on their local machine and 
            connecting via HTTP over their company's intranet to the Reporting 
            Tool. This tool physically runs on the Application Server named 
            w3reporting.myco.com. The diagram shows the Reporting Tool component 
            drawn inside of IBM WebSphere, which in turn is drawn inside of the 
            node w3.reporting.myco.com. The Reporting Tool connects to its 
            reporting database using the Java language to IBM DB2's JDBC 
            interface, which then communicates to the actual DB2 database 
            running on the server named db1.myco.com using native DB2 
            communication. In addition to talking to the reporting database, the 
            Report Tool component communicates via SOAP over HTTPS to the 
            Billboard Service.</font></p>
            <h3><font color="#000000">Conclusion</font></h3>
            <p><font color="#000000">Although this article provides only a brief 
            introduction to Unified Modeling Language, I encourage you to start 
            applying the information you have learned here to your own projects 
            and to dig more deeply into UML. There are several software tools 
            that help you to integrate UML diagrams into your software 
            development process, but even without automated tools, you can use 
            markers on a whiteboard or paper and pencils to draw your UML 
            diagrams and still achieve benefits.</font></p>
            <a name="footnotes"></a>
            <hr>
            <h3><font color="#000000">Notes</font></h3>
            <p class="small"><font color="#000000"><sup>1</sup> For more 
            information on inheritance and other object-oriented principles, see 
            <a href="javascript:if(confirm('http://java.sun.com/docs/books/tutorial/java/concepts/inheritance.html  \n\nThis file was not retrieved by Teleport Pro, because it is addressed on a domain or path outside the boundaries set for its Starting Address.  \n\nDo you want to open it from the server?'))window.location='http://java.sun.com/docs/books/tutorial/java/concepts/inheritance.html'" tppabs="http://java.sun.com/docs/books/tutorial/java/concepts/inheritance.html" target="_blank">http://java.sun.com/docs/books/tutorial/java/concepts/inheritance.html</a></font></p>
            <p class="small"><font color="#000000"><sup>2</sup> The phrase 
            component package level is a programming language-neutral way of 
            referring to class container levels such as .Net's namespaces (e.g., 
            System.Web.UI) or Java's packages (e.g., java.util).</font></p>
            <h3><font color="#000000"><br>
            Resources</font></h3>
            <p><font color="#000000"><a href="javascript:if(confirm('http://www.uml.org/  \n\nThis file was not retrieved by Teleport Pro, because it is addressed on a domain or path outside the boundaries set for its Starting Address.  \n\nDo you want to open it from the server?'))window.location='http://www.uml.org/'" tppabs="http://www.uml.org/" target="_blank">http://www.uml.org</a> 
            -- The official UML Web site.<br>
            <a href="javascript:if(confirm('http://www.rational.com/uml/resources/documentation/index.jsp  \n\nThis file was not retrieved by Teleport Pro, because it is addressed on a domain or path outside the boundaries set for its Starting Address.  \n\nDo you want to open it from the server?'))window.location='http://www.rational.com/uml/resources/documentation/index.jsp'" tppabs="http://www.rational.com/uml/resources/documentation/index.jsp" target="_blank">http://www.rational.com/uml/resources/documentation/index.jsp</a> 
            --Offers several different versions of the actual UML specification.<br>
            <a href="javascript:if(confirm('http://www.rational.com/rose  \n\nThis file was not retrieved by Teleport Pro, because it is addressed on a domain or path outside the boundaries set for its Starting Address.  \n\nDo you want to open it from the server?'))window.location='http://www.rational.com/rose'" tppabs="http://www.rational.com/rose" target="_blank">http://www.rational.com/rose</a> 
            --Information on IBM Rational Rose,<sup>&reg;</sup> A commercial UML 
            modeling tool.<br>
            <a href="javascript:if(confirm('http://www.rational.com/xde  \n\nThis file was not retrieved by Teleport Pro, because it is addressed on a domain or path outside the boundaries set for its Starting Address.  \n\nDo you want to open it from the server?'))window.location='http://www.rational.com/xde'" tppabs="http://www.rational.com/xde" target="_blank">http://www.rational.com/xde 
            </a>--Information on IBM Rational XDE,<sup>&reg;</sup> a commercial 
            UML modeling tool that is integrated with IBM's Eclipse development 
            platform.<br>
            <a href="javascript:if(confirm('http://argouml.tigris.org/  \n\nThis file was not retrieved by Teleport Pro, because it is addressed on a domain or path outside the boundaries set for its Starting Address.  \n\nDo you want to open it from the server?'))window.location='http://argouml.tigris.org/'" tppabs="http://argouml.tigris.org/" target="_blank">http://argouml.tigris.org</a> 
            --Information on Argo UML, an .open source UML modeling tool built 
            in Java.<br>
            <a href="javascript:if(confirm('http://uml.sourceforge.net/index.php  \n\nThis file was not retrieved by Teleport Pro, because it is addressed on a domain or path outside the boundaries set for its Starting Address.  \n\nDo you want to open it from the server?'))window.location='http://uml.sourceforge.net/index.php'" tppabs="http://uml.sourceforge.net/index.php" target="_blank">http://uml.sourceforge.net/index.php</a> 
            -- Information on Umbrello UML Modeller, an open source UML modeling 
            tool for KDE.<br>
            <br>
            <img height="35" alt="tre icon" src="icon.gif.htm" tppabs="http://www.therationaledge.com/images/icon.gif" width="35" align="right" border="0"></font></p>
            <hr>
            <p><font color="#000000">For more information on the products or 
            services discussed in this article, please click <a href="javascript:if(confirm('http://www.rational.com/contact/request.jsp  \n\nThis file was not retrieved by Teleport Pro, because it is addressed on a domain or path outside the boundaries set for its Starting Address.  \n\nDo you want to open it from the server?'))window.location='http://www.rational.com/contact/request.jsp'" tppabs="http://www.rational.com/contact/request.jsp" target="_blank">here</a> 
            and follow the instructions provided. Thank you!</font></td>
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