oobject102304.htm

UML基础(好)

                UML </span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Comic Sans MS'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Comic Sans MS'">使用案例模型技術」一文。</span></font></p>
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                <p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 9pt 36pt 0pt 54pt; TEXT-INDENT: -12pt; mso-para-margin-top: 9.0pt; mso-para-margin-right: 3.0gd; mso-para-margin-bottom: .0001pt; mso-para-margin-left: 3.5gd; mso-char-indent-count: -1.0"><font color="#000000" size="2"><a title style="mso-endnote-id: edn3" href="#_ednref3" name="_edn3"><span class="MsoEndnoteReference" style="mso-special-character: footnote" lang="EN-US"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Comic Sans MS; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-bidi-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">[</span><span style="font-family: 新細明體; mso-bidi-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Comic Sans MS; mso-hansi-font-family: Comic Sans MS; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">三</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Comic Sans MS; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-bidi-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">]</span></span></a><span lang="EN-US"> 
                </span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Comic Sans MS'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Comic Sans MS'">作者原文為「</span><span lang="EN-US">So 
                my advice is to err on the side of being too concrete.</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Comic Sans MS'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Comic Sans MS'">」，其中</span><span lang="EN-US">on 
                the side of </span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Comic Sans MS'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Comic Sans MS'">代表「在一端的</span><span lang="EN-US">...</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Comic Sans MS'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Comic Sans MS'">」，從這篇文章而言，一端指的是「具體化」，另一端指的就是「抽象化」，</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體; mso-bidi-font-family: 新細明體; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Comic Sans MS'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Comic Sans MS'">軟體分析及設計其主要的目的，就是<b>必須將具體化的事實，透過抽象化的方式將其轉化為利於程式設計的過程</b>。具體化利於描述現實，但卻不利於軟體的設計，反之亦然。作者一開始說明了抽象化對程式設計有多少好處，並讚揚抽象化，接著描述抽象化如何帶來對客戶於說明系統設計上的種種不便，也談到具體化的優點，及抽象化在規劃工作上的缺點。最後，作者選擇具體化</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-family: 新細明體; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"> 
                Use Case </span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體; mso-bidi-font-family: 新細明體; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Comic Sans MS'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Comic Sans MS'">並解說它的原因。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-family: 新細明體; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">&nbsp;<br>
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                </span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體; mso-bidi-font-family: 新細明體; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Comic Sans MS'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Comic Sans MS'">所以，作者是在權宜之下，站在</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-family: 新細明體; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"> 
                Use Case </span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體; mso-bidi-font-family: 新細明體; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Comic Sans MS'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Comic Sans MS'">是以使用者的觀點來描述系統這一點，並為了便利對客戶說明、工作規劃，及可以用來確認抽象化的結果是否符合使用者所需，選擇具體化</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-family: 新細明體; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"> 
                Use Case</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體; mso-bidi-font-family: 新細明體; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Comic Sans MS'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Comic Sans MS'">。因此，我將這句話想成「<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal">權衡之下，棄抽象化，擇具體化</b>」，也是根據這一連串的考量。另外，</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-family: 新細明體; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">ARECA(</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體; mso-bidi-font-family: 新細明體; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Comic Sans MS'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Comic Sans MS'" class="GramE">盈學兄</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-family: 新細明體; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">)</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體; mso-bidi-font-family: 新細明體; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Comic Sans MS'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Comic Sans MS'">對我建議他的看法，我將之補充於後，較我的翻譯他的說明更為貼切。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-family: 新細明體; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><br style="mso-special-character: line-break">
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                <p class="MsoNormal" style="BACKGROUND: #d9d9d9; MARGIN: 9pt 36pt 9pt 42pt; mso-para-margin-top: 9.0pt; mso-para-margin-right: 3.0gd; mso-para-margin-bottom: 9.0pt; mso-para-margin-left: 3.5gd"><font color="#000000" size="2"><span style="font-family: 新細明體; mso-ascii-font-family: Comic Sans MS; mso-hansi-font-family: Comic Sans MS">至於『</span><span lang="EN-US">So 
                my advice is to err on the side of being too concrete.</span><span style="font-family: 新細明體; mso-ascii-font-family: Comic Sans MS; mso-hansi-font-family: Comic Sans MS">』譯法可能需要從</span><span lang="EN-US">side</span><span style="font-family: 新細明體; mso-ascii-font-family: Comic Sans MS; mso-hansi-font-family: Comic Sans MS">這個字為中心來討論。作者使用</span><span lang="EN-US">side</span><span style="font-family: 新細明體; mso-ascii-font-family: Comic Sans MS; mso-hansi-font-family: Comic Sans MS">這個字應有兩方面比較的意思（也就是抽象與具體），也就是兩者權衡（至於權衡的標的是甚麼應看前後文，也就是過度抽象及過度具體的缺失）。所以我的說法會變成『過度抽象及過度具體兩者皆有缺失，我建議還是選擇犯過度具體的缺失而盡量具體化』。</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p>
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              <div id="edn4" style="mso-element: endnote">
                <p class="MsoEndnoteText" style="MARGIN: 9pt 36pt 0pt 54pt; TEXT-INDENT: -12pt; mso-para-margin-top: 9.0pt; mso-para-margin-right: 3.0gd; mso-para-margin-bottom: .0001pt; mso-para-margin-left: 3.5gd; mso-char-indent-count: -1.0"><font color="#000000" size="2"><a title style="mso-endnote-id: edn4" href="#_ednref4" name="_edn4"><span class="MsoEndnoteReference" style="mso-special-character: footnote" lang="EN-US"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Comic Sans MS; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-bidi-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">[</span><span style="font-family: 新細明體; mso-bidi-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Comic Sans MS; mso-hansi-font-family: Comic Sans MS; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">四</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Comic Sans MS; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-bidi-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">]</span></span></a><span lang="EN-US"> 
                High-end </span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Comic Sans MS'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Comic Sans MS'">一詞在此代表高度地與最終客戶相關的，然商業上的說法指的是高消費階層的客戶，我個人比較偏愛前者解釋，然字典的用法卻偏向後者，所以再三思考，還是採用字典上的通用解釋。</span></font></p>
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                <p class="MsoEndnoteText" style="MARGIN: 9pt 36pt 0pt 54pt; TEXT-INDENT: -12pt; mso-para-margin-top: 9.0pt; mso-para-margin-right: 3.0gd; mso-para-margin-bottom: .0001pt; mso-para-margin-left: 3.5gd; mso-char-indent-count: -1.0"><font color="#000000" size="2"><a title style="mso-endnote-id: edn5" href="#_ednref5" name="_edn5"><span class="MsoEndnoteReference" style="mso-special-character: footnote" lang="EN-US"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Comic Sans MS; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-bidi-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">[</span><span style="font-family: 新細明體; mso-bidi-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Comic Sans MS; mso-hansi-font-family: Comic Sans MS; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">五</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Comic Sans MS; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-bidi-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">]</span></span></a><span lang="EN-US"> 
                </span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Comic Sans MS'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Comic Sans MS'">系統的使用案例指的是偏向以系統的觀點，所做出的使用案例，例如「複製」、「貼上」。而使用者的使用案例則偏向使用者的觀點來看系統，所製作出來的使用案例，例如，「將文字或圖片複製到相同文件的另一處或不同文件的地方」。系統的使用案例具體的說明系統要達成此目的所應採取的方式，因此可以據此作成計畫排程及系統測試之用，然而卻以規範限制了達成此目的的其他可能方式，例如「採用拖曳的方式」。然而使用者觀點所製成的使用案例又過於籠統，缺乏如何實作的方式，因此難以評估及排定時程，兩者各有利弊。</span></font></p>
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