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<p align="center"><font size="6" color="#0000ff">midi 1.0 specification</font></p>
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status data byte(s) description<br>
d7----d0 d7----d0<br>
-------------------------------------------------------------------------<br>
channel voice messages<br>
-------------------------------------------------------------------------<br>
1000cccc 0nnnnnnn note off event.<br>
0vvvvvvv this message is sent when a<br>
note is released (ended).<br>
(nnnnnnn) is the note number.<br>
(vvvvvvv) is the velocity.<br>
<br>
1001cccc 0nnnnnnn note on event.<br>
0vvvvvvv this message is sent when a<br>
note is depressed (start).<br>
(nnnnnnn) is the note number.<br>
(vvvvvvv) is the velocity.<br>
<br>
1010cccc 0nnnnnnn polyphonic key pressure (after-touch).<br>
0vvvvvvv this message is sent when the pressure<br>
(velocity) of a previously<br>
triggered note changes.<br>
(nnnnnnn) is the note number.<br>
(vvvvvvv) is the new velocity.<br>
<br>
1011cccc 0ccccccc control change.<br>
0vvvvvvv this message is sent when a controller<br>
value changes. controllers include devices<br>
such as pedals and levers.<br>
certain controller numbers are reserved<br>
for specific purposes. see channel mode messages.<br>
(ccccccc) is the controller number.<br>
(vvvvvvv) is the new value.<br>
<br>
1100cccc 0ppppppp program change.<br>
this message sent when the patch number changes.<br>
(ppppppp) is the new program number.<br>
<br>
1101nnnn 0ccccccc channel pressure (after-touch).<br>
this message is sent when the channel pressure<br>
changes. some velocity-sensing keyboards do not<br>
support polyphonic after-touch. use this<br>
message to send the single greatest velocity<br>
(of all te current depressed keys).<br>
(ccccccc) is the channel number.<br>
<br>
1110nnnn 0lllllll pitch wheel change.<br>
0mmmmmmm this message is sent to indicate a change in the<br>
pitch wheel. the pitch wheel is measured by a<br>
fourteen bit value. center (no pitch change) is<br>
2000h. sensitivity is a function of the<br>
transmitter.<br>
(llllll) are the least significant 7 bits.<br>
(mmmmmm) are the most significant 7 bits.<br>
-------------------------------------------------------------------------<br>
channel mode messages (see also control change, above)<br>
-------------------------------------------------------------------------<br>
1011nnnn 0ccccccc channel mode messages.<br>
0vvvvvvv this the same code as the control<br>
change (above), but implements mode<br>
control by using reserved controller<br>
numbers. the numbers are:<br>
<br>
local control.<br>
when local control is off, all devices<br>
on a given channel will respond only to<br>
data received over midi. played data, etc.<br>
will be ignored. local control on<br>
restores the functions of the normal<br>
controllers.<br>
c = 122, v = 0: local control off<br>
c = 122, v = 127: local control on<br>
<br>
all notes off.<br>
when an all notes off is received,<br>
all oscillators will turn off.<br>
c = 123, v = 0: all notes off<br>
<br>
(see text for description of actual<br>
mode commands.)<br>
c = 124, v = 0: omni mode off<br>
c = 125, v = 0: omni mode on<br>
c = 126, v = m: mono mode on (poly off)<br>
where m is the number of channels<br>
(omni off) or 0 (omni on)<br>
c = 127, v = 0: poly mode on (mono off)<br>
(note: these four messages also cause<br>
all notes off)<br>
.pa<br>
-------------------------------------------------------------------------<br>
system common messages<br>
-------------------------------------------------------------------------<br>
11110000 0iiiiiii system exclusive.<br>
0ddddddd this message makes up for all that midi<br>
.. doesn't support. (iiiiiii) is a seven<br>
.. bit manufacturer's i.d. code. if the<br>
0ddddddd synthesizer recognizes the i.d. code as<br>
11110111 its own, it will listen to the rest of<br>
the message (ddddddd). otherwise, the<br>
message will be ignored. system exclusive<br>
is used to send bulk dumps such as patch<br>
parameters and other non-spec data.<br>
(note: real-time messages only may be<br>
interleaved with a system exclusive.)<br>
<br>
11110001 undefined.<br>
<br>
11110010 0lllllll song position pointer.<br>
0mmmmmmm this is an internal 14 bit register that<br>
holds the number of midi beats (1 beat=<br>
six midi clocks) since the start of<br>
the song. l is the lsb, m the msb.<br>
<br>
11110011 0sssssss song select.<br>
the song select specifies which sequence<br>
or song is to be played.<br>
<br>
11110100 undefined.<br>
<br>
11110101 undefined.<br>
<br>
11110110 tune request.<br>
upon receiving a tune request, all analog<br>
sythesizers should tune their oscillators.<br>
<br>
11110111 end of exclusive.<br>
used to terminate a system exclusive<br>
dump (see above).<br>
.pa<br>
-------------------------------------------------------------------------<br>
system real-time messages<br>
-------------------------------------------------------------------------<br>
11111000 timing clock.<br>
sent 24 times per quarter note when<br>
synchronization is required (see text).<br>
<br>
11111001 undefined.<br>
<br>
11111010 start.<br>
start the current sequence playing.<br>
(this message will be followed with<br>
timing clocks).<br>
<br>
11111011 continue.<br>
continue at the point the sequence was<br>
stopped.<br>
<br>
11111100 stop.<br>
stop the current sequence.<br>
<br>
11111101 undefined.<br>
<br>
11111110 active sensing.<br>
use of this message is optional. when<br>
initially sent, the receiver will expect<br>
to receive another active sensing message<br>
each 300ms (max), or it will be assume<br>
that the connection has been terminated.<br>
at termination, the receiver will turn off<br>
all voices and return to normal (non-<br>
active sensing) operation.<br>
<br>
11111111 reset.<br>
reset all receivers in the system to<br>
power-up status. this should be used<br>
sparingly, preferably under manual<br>
control. in particular, it should not<br>
be sent on power-up.<br>
<br>
-- greg, lee@uhccux.uhcc.hawaii.edu<br>
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