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<HTML><HEAD> <TITLE>Including or Attaching an External File</TITLE></HEAD><BODY bgcolor="#ffffff"><H1><A NAME="FaEI2.BsKL9X3cS">Including or Attaching an External File</H1><P>When you select<U>F</U><B>iles(s)</B> from the<U>I</U><B>nclude/Attach</B> -> menu the<B>Include/Attach File</B> dialog is opened. This is very similar to the<B>SelectFolders</B> menu available through the<U>O</U><B>pen ...</B> option in the Mainwindow<B>Fo</B><U>l</U><B>der</B> pull-down menu. (See<A HREF="uO2ZgMB8BJ9X3cS.html">Using the File SelectionWindow</A> for information on using this type of dialog window.)<P>You can enter the path name of one or more files, separated by a<B>Return</B> after each name. Or, click the<B>Show list</B> button to see anexpanded dialog that lists files in the current directory andsubdirectories of the current directory. You can then select a fileby clicking on a name in the list.<P><HR><B>TIP:</B><BR>You may use variable names known to yourlogin shell in the path name. You may also usewildcard characters, which will be expandedby your login shell.<HR></P><P>After you have selected a file path name the<B>Include/Attach file data</B>dialog is opened.<P><H4>Figure: <A NAME="MaEI2.BsKL9X3cS">Include/Attach File Data</H4><IMG SRC="FaEI2.BsKL9X3cS.extobj.1.gif"><P>The<B>Include/Attach file data</B> dialog lets you specify how the data is tobe included or attached, how it is to be encoded, and how it isdescribed. This dialog will be shown once for each file you namedin the<B>Include/Attach File</B> dialog. The items to be specified include:<DL><DT><B>File name</B><DD>This is the name you entered in the previous dialog. Ifyou made a typing mistake in the path name, you havethe opportunity to correct it here.<P><DT><B>Description</B><DD>Here you can enter a line of descriptive information to beused as the label on the icon that will be displayed in thetext at the point where the file is included. If you don'tenter a description, the path name is used as the label.<P><P><HR><B>NOTE:</B><BR>If you include a file in-line the<B>Description</B>information is not used.<HR></P><DT><B>Type</B><DD>This is an option menu that presents all the possible datatypes for an external file. The default choice in the menuwill reflect<CITE>Ishmail</CITE>'s best guess as to the data type. Youcan override the default by clicking the option menubutton and selecting from the list.<P>The icon displayed in the message text will varyaccording to the data type.<A HREF="FaEI2.BsKL9X3cS.html#zqPXKNB0FN9X3cS">Icons Representing IncludedFiles</A>shows examples oficons that represent includedGIF, JPEG, binary, PostScript, MPEG, and U-LAW audiofiles in a Composition window.<P><P><HR><B>NOTE:</B><BR>The option menu is built from a file containinga list of MIME data types and file namesuffixes associated with them. A default file issupplied with<CITE>Ishmail</CITE>, called<I>mime.types</I>. It islocated in the<I>lib</I> subdirectory at the locationwhere the product is installed. When you addentries to the<I>mime.types</I> file, correspondingchoices are automatically added to the optionmenu. If you wish to override entries in thedefault file, you can use the<I>$MIMETYPES</I>environment variable to point to an alternatefile.<HR></P><DT><B>How should this file be included/attached?</B><DD>The radio buttons labelled<B>How should this file beincluded/attached?</B> are used to select how to add the externalfile. Choices are:<P><DL><DT><B>In Message as text</B><DD>Use this option to cause the contents of theexternal file to be copied into your message atthe point where the cursor is located, as if youhad typed in the data. When you do this<CITE>Ishmail</CITE>does not create a separate message body part.The recipient of the message will be unable todetect that the data was included from a file.<P>This option is intended as a shortcut to save youtyping time. It is not recommended for includingnon-ASCII data.<P><DT><B>In Message as a separate file</B><DD>Use this option to cause the contents of the fileto be copied into your message as a separatebody part, at the point where the cursor islocated. The body part will be identified by anicon, examples of which are shown in<A HREF="FaEI2.BsKL9X3cS.html#zqPXKNB0FN9X3cS">IconsRepresenting Included Files</A>.<P>When the recipient of the message clicks on theicon, the appropriate viewer program will belaunched (if available) to show the datacontained in the file, as specified in the<A HREF="6m52wFBX4N9X3cS.html">MailcapFile Definition</A>.<P><DT><B>Attached as "local to the recipient"</B><DD>This is the first of the attach options, each ofwhich place a pointer to the external file into themessage. To the recipient, the icon looks thesame as an included file. Clicking the iconcauses the appropriate viewer program to belaunched.<P>The<B>local</B> attachment option can be used when allthe recipients are in the same local network,and can access common files from a server.<P>When you click the<B>Attached as "local to the recipient"</B>button the<B>Include/Attach file data</B> dialog expands toinclude<EM>extra parameter fields</EM><I>.</I><P><A HREF="FaEI2.BsKL9X3cS.html#LSKtg-BfiI9X3cS">Expanded Include/Attach File Data</A> shows anexample of an<B>Include/Attach file data</B> dialog withexpanded parameters. The section entitled<A HREF="FaEI2.BsKL9X3cS.html#rrEI2.BsKL9X3cS">Extra parameters for attached files</A> describesthe additional parameters.<P><P><HR><B>NOTE:</B><BR>The recipient of the message must be able toaccess the attached file.<HR></P><DT><B>Attached via anonymous FTP</B><DD>This attach option is most frequently used whenthe recipients of a message are not in the samelocal network as the sender. It requires that thesender's network support an FTP server thatcan be accessed by people outside the localnetwork.<P>The sender must first place the external file in adirectory which is made visible to the outsideworld by the FTP server. Then, the file isattached to the message by providing both thepath name and the network name (or IPaddress) of the FTP server.<P>This option is known as<B>anonymous FTP</B> since therecipients do not need a login account on theFTP server. Instead, they log in using the name<I>anonymous</I>, and give their e-mail address as thepassword. (Most MIME mail programs do thisautomatically.)<P>When the recipient clicks on the file icon in themessage, the file is retrieved from the FTPserver and then it is displayed. Depending onthe speed of the FTP link, this may take a longtime. An animated icon is displayed during theretrieval, so the recipient is aware that it is inprogress.<P><P><HR><B>NOTE:</B><BR>You may need to coordinate with your systemadministrator to get files copied intodirectories used by the FTP server. Forsecurity reasons, some organizations restrictaccess to this service.<HR></P>When you click the<B>Attached via anonymous FTP</B>button the<B>Include/Attach file data</B> dialog expands toinclude<I>extra parameter fields</I>.<P><A HREF="FaEI2.BsKL9X3cS.html#LSKtg-BfiI9X3cS">Expanded Include/Attach File Data</A> shows anexample of an<B>Include/Attach file data</B> dialog withexpanded parameters. The section entitled<A HREF="FaEI2.BsKL9X3cS.html#rrEI2.BsKL9X3cS">Extra parameters for attached files</A> describesthe additional parameters.<P><DT><B>Attached via regular FTP</B><DD>This option is essentially the same as<B>anonymousFTP</B> described above, except that the recipientsneed to have a login account on the FTP server.When the recipient clicks the icon andconnection is made with the FTP server, theserver will prompt the recipient for a loginaccount name and password.<P>This option is more secure than the<B>anonymousFTP</B> option, but requires more effort to set up.<P><DT><B>Attached via TFTP</B><DD>This option also is essentially the same as<B>anonymous FTP</B> described above, except that ituses the TFTP program rather than the FTPprogram. Because of network security problemsassociated with TFTP many organizations donot support use of this program, so you may findthis option unusable.<P><DT><B>Attached via mail server</B><DD>This option is considered the most secure way toallow people external to your network toretrieve files, though it is the most complicatedto set up and has the slowest performance.<P>A<EM>mail server</EM> is a program which accepts e-mailmessages formatted a certain way. It recognizes,among other things, requests to retrieve a filewith a specific path name. It responds to thee-mail message by sending a reply messagecontaining the requested file.<P>When the recipient clicks on the file icon<CITE>Ishmail</CITE>mails a request to the appropriate mail server.The requested file will eventually arrive as anew mail message.<P>The sender must coordinate with the localsystem administrator to make the file availableto the mail server.<P></DL><DT><B>What type of encoding should be applied to this file?</B><DD>This set of radio buttons lets you specify how, if at all, thefile data should be encoded when transferred over thenetwork. The recipient's mail tool uses this informationto know how to automatically decode the file.<P>Electronic mail systems were originally designed tohandle 7-bit ASCII characters, i.e. the U.S. Englishcharacter set. All modern mail systems can now handle8-bit ASCII, thus can use various ISO character sets fornon-English alphabets. However, messages you sendmay pass through many different mail systems on theway to their destination, and there is no guarantee thatsome intermediate mail system may not be able tohandle other than 7-bit ASCII. The result may be thatyour message is garbled in transmission. To guardagainst this, you can encode your message so that it willpass safely through any mail system even if it containsbinary (non-ASCII) data.<P>There are five choices for encoding.<P><DL><DT><B>None</B><DD>The data is not encoded. It is implied that yourdata contains only 7-bit ASCII characters.<P><DT><B>8-bit</B><DD>The data is marked as containing 8-bit ASCIIdata, but not otherwise encoded. This is reallyjust a warning. It may cause intermediate mailsystems, and the destination mail reader, totreat you message differently. You should markyour data this way if you know it contains 8-bitcharacters.<P><DT><B>Quoted Printable</B><DD>Your message is converted to a form that usesonly 7-bit ASCII. For example, 8-bit ASCIIcharacters are changed to an equal sign followedby two hexadecimal digits, which represent the8-bit character code. This encoding methodleaves the message mostly human-readable.⌨️ 快捷键说明
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