ldlinux.asm

Windows上的精简Linux系统

; -*- fundamental -*- (asm-mode sucks)
; $Id: ldlinux.asm,v 1.147 2004/06/13 20:50:44 hpa Exp $
; ****************************************************************************
;
;  ldlinux.asm
;
;  A program to boot Linux kernels off an MS-DOS formatted floppy disk.	 This
;  functionality is good to have for installation floppies, where it may
;  be hard to find a functional Linux system to run LILO off.
;
;  This program allows manipulation of the disk to take place entirely
;  from MS-LOSS, and can be especially useful in conjunction with the
;  umsdos filesystem.
;
;  This file is loaded in stages; first the boot sector at offset 7C00h,
;  then the first sector (cluster, really, but we can only assume 1 sector)
;  of LDLINUX.SYS at 7E00h and finally the remainder of LDLINUX.SYS at 8000h.
;
;   Copyright (C) 1994-2004  H. Peter Anvin
;
;  This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
;  it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
;  the Free Software Foundation, Inc., 675 Mass Ave, Cambridge MA 02139,
;  USA; either version 2 of the License, or (at your option) any later
;  version; incorporated herein by reference.
; 
; ****************************************************************************

%ifndef IS_MDSLINUX
%define IS_SYSLINUX 1
%endif
%include "macros.inc"
%include "config.inc"
%include "kernel.inc"
%include "bios.inc"
%include "tracers.inc"

;
; Some semi-configurable constants... change on your own risk.
;
my_id		equ syslinux_id
FILENAME_MAX_LG2 equ 4			; log2(Max filename size Including final null)
FILENAME_MAX	equ 11			; Max mangled filename size
NULLFILE	equ ' '			; First char space == null filename
retry_count	equ 6			; How patient are we with the disk?
%assign HIGHMEM_SLOP 0			; Avoid this much memory near the top

;
; This is what we need to do when idle
;
%macro	RESET_IDLE 0
	; Nothing
%endmacro
%macro	DO_IDLE 0
	; Nothing
%endmacro

;
; The following structure is used for "virtual kernels"; i.e. LILO-style
; option labels.  The options we permit here are `kernel' and `append
; Since there is no room in the bottom 64K for all of these, we
; stick them at vk_seg:0000 and copy them down before we need them.
;
; Note: this structure can be added to, but it must 
;
%define vk_power	7		; log2(max number of vkernels)
%define	max_vk		(1 << vk_power)	; Maximum number of vkernels
%define vk_shift	(16-vk_power)	; Number of bits to shift
%define vk_size		(1 << vk_shift)	; Size of a vkernel buffer

		struc vkernel
vk_vname:	resb FILENAME_MAX	; Virtual name **MUST BE FIRST!**
vk_rname:	resb FILENAME_MAX	; Real name
vk_appendlen:	resw 1
		alignb 4
vk_append:	resb max_cmd_len+1	; Command line
		alignb 4
vk_end:		equ $			; Should be <= vk_size
		endstruc

%ifndef DEPEND
%if (vk_end > vk_size) || (vk_size*max_vk > 65536)
%error "Too many vkernels defined, reduce vk_power"
%endif
%endif

;
; Segment assignments in the bottom 640K
; Stick to the low 512K in case we're using something like M-systems flash
; which load a driver into low RAM (evil!!)
;
; 0000h - main code/data segment (and BIOS segment)
;
real_mode_seg	equ 5000h
fat_seg		equ 3000h		; 128K area for FAT (2x64K)
vk_seg          equ 2000h		; Virtual kernels
xfer_buf_seg	equ 1000h		; Bounce buffer for I/O to high mem
comboot_seg	equ real_mode_seg	; COMBOOT image loading zone

; ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
;   BEGIN CODE
; ---------------------------------------------------------------------------

;
; Memory below this point is reserved for the BIOS and the MBR
;
 		absolute 1000h
trackbuf	equ $			; Track buffer goes here
trackbufsize	equ 16384		; Safe size of track buffer
;		trackbuf ends at 5000h


;
; Constants for the xfer_buf_seg
;
; The xfer_buf_seg is also used to store message file buffers.  We
; need two trackbuffers (text and graphics), plus a work buffer
; for the graphics decompressor.
;
xbs_textbuf	equ 0			; Also hard-coded, do not change
xbs_vgabuf	equ trackbufsize
xbs_vgatmpbuf	equ 2*trackbufsize


                absolute 5000h          ; Here we keep our BSS stuff
VKernelBuf:	resb vk_size		; "Current" vkernel
		alignb 4
AppendBuf       resb max_cmd_len+1	; append=
Ontimeout	resb max_cmd_len+1	; ontimeout
Onerror		resb max_cmd_len+1	; onerror
KbdMap		resb 256		; Keyboard map
FKeyName	resb 10*16		; File names for F-key help
NumBuf		resb 15			; Buffer to load number
NumBufEnd	resb 1			; Last byte in NumBuf
		alignb 8

		; Expanded superblock
SuperInfo	equ $
		resq 16			; The first 16 bytes expanded 8 times
		;
		; These need to follow SuperInfo
		;
RootDir		resd 1			; Location of root directory
DataArea	resd 1			; Location of data area
RootDirSize	resw 1			; Root dir size in sectors
DirScanCtr	resw 1			; Used while searching directory
EndofDirSec	resw 1			; = trackbuf+bsBytesPerSec-31

		alignb 4
E820Buf		resd 5			; INT 15:E820 data buffer
E820Mem		resd 1			; Memory detected by E820
E820Max		resd 1			; Is E820 memory capped?
HiLoadAddr      resd 1			; Address pointer for high load loop
HighMemSize	resd 1			; End of memory pointer (bytes)
RamdiskMax	resd 1			; Highest address for a ramdisk
KernelSize	resd 1			; Size of kernel (bytes)
SavedSSSP	resd 1			; Our SS:SP while running a COMBOOT image
PMESP		resd 1			; Protected-mode ESP
ClustPerMoby	resd 1			; Clusters per 64K
ClustSize	resd 1			; Bytes/cluster
KernelName      resb 12		        ; Mangled name for kernel
					; (note the spare byte after!)
OrigKernelExt	resd 1			; Original kernel extension
FBytes		equ $			; Used by open/getc
FBytes1		resw 1
FBytes2		resw 1
DirBlocksLeft	resw 1			; Ditto
RunLinClust	resw 1			; Cluster # for LDLINUX.SYS
BufSafe		resw 1			; Clusters we can load into trackbuf
BufSafeSec	resw 1			; = how many sectors?
BufSafeBytes	resw 1			; = how many bytes?
EndOfGetCBuf	resw 1			; = getcbuf+BufSafeBytes
KernelClust	resw 1			; Kernel size in clusters
FClust		resw 1			; Number of clusters in open/getc file
FNextClust	resw 1			; Pointer to next cluster in d:o
FPtr		resw 1			; Pointer to next char in buffer
CmdOptPtr       resw 1			; Pointer to first option on cmd line
KernelCNameLen  resw 1			; Length of unmangled kernel name
InitRDCNameLen  resw 1			; Length of unmangled initrd name
NextCharJump    resw 1			; Routine to interpret next print char
SetupSecs	resw 1			; Number of setup sectors
A20Test		resw 1			; Counter for testing status of A20
A20Type		resw 1			; A20 type
CmdLineLen	resw 1			; Length of command line including null
GraphXSize	resw 1			; Width of splash screen file
VGAPos		resw 1			; Pointer into VGA memory
VGACluster	resw 1			; Cluster pointer for VGA image file
VGAFilePtr	resw 1			; Pointer into VGAFileBuf
Com32SysSP	resw 1			; SP saved during COM32 syscall
CursorDX        equ $
CursorCol       resb 1			; Cursor column for message file
CursorRow       resb 1			; Cursor row for message file
ScreenSize      equ $
VidCols         resb 1			; Columns on screen-1
VidRows         resb 1			; Rows on screen-1
BaudDivisor	resw 1			; Baud rate divisor
FlowControl	equ $
FlowOutput	resb 1			; Outputs to assert for serial flow
FlowInput	resb 1			; Input bits for serial flow
FlowIgnore	resb 1			; Ignore input unless these bits set
TextAttribute   resb 1			; Text attribute for message file
RetryCount      resb 1			; Used for disk access retries
KbdFlags	resb 1			; Check for keyboard escapes
LoadFlags	resb 1			; Loadflags from kernel
A20Tries	resb 1			; Times until giving up on A20
FuncFlag	resb 1			; Escape sequences received from keyboard
DisplayMask	resb 1			; Display modes mask
CopySuper	resb 1			; Distinguish .bs versus .bss
MNameBuf        resb 11            	; Generic mangled file name buffer
InitRD          resb 11                 ; initrd= mangled name
KernelCName     resb 13                 ; Unmangled kernel name
InitRDCName     resb 13            	; Unmangled initrd name
TextColorReg	resb 17			; VGA color registers for text mode
VGAFileBuf	resb 13			; Unmangled VGA image name
VGAFileBufEnd	equ $
VGAFileMBuf	resb 11			; Mangled VGA image name
                alignb 4		; For the good of REP MOVSD
command_line	resb max_cmd_len+2	; Command line buffer
default_cmd	resb max_cmd_len+1	; "default" command line
kern_cmd_len	equ $-command_line

		section .text
                org 7C00h
;
; Some of the things that have to be saved very early are saved
; "close" to the initial stack pointer offset, in order to
; reduce the code size...
;
StackBuf	equ $-44-32		; Start the stack here (grow down - 4K)
PartInfo	equ StackBuf		; Saved partition table entry
FloppyTable	equ PartInfo+16		; Floppy info table (must follow PartInfo)
OrigFDCTabPtr	equ StackBuf-4		; The high dword on the stack

;
; Primary entry point.  Tempting as though it may be, we can't put the
; initial "cli" here; the jmp opcode in the first byte is part of the
; "magic number" (using the term very loosely) for the DOS superblock.
;
bootsec		equ $
		jmp short start		; 2 bytes
		nop			; 1 byte
;
; "Superblock" follows -- it's in the boot sector, so it's already
; loaded and ready for us
;
bsOemName	db 'SYSLINUX'		; The SYS command sets this, so...
;
; These are the fields we actually care about.  We end up expanding them
; all to dword size early in the code, so generate labels for both
; the expanded and unexpanded versions.
;;
%macro		superb 1
bx %+ %1	equ SuperInfo+($-superblock)*8+4
bs %+ %1	equ $
		zb 1
%endmacro
%macro		superw 1
bx %+ %1	equ SuperInfo+($-superblock)*8
bs %+ %1	equ $
		zw 1
%endmacro
%macro		superd 1
bx %+ %1	equ $			; no expansion for dwords
bs %+ %1	equ $
		zd 1
%endmacro
superblock	equ $
		superw BytesPerSec
		superb SecPerClust
		superw ResSectors
		superb FATs
		superw RootDirEnts
		superw Sectors
		superb Media
		superw FATsecs
		superw SecPerTrack
		superw Heads
superinfo_size	equ ($-superblock)-1	; How much to expand
		superd Hidden
		superd HugeSectors
		superb DriveNumber
		superb Reserved1
		superb BootSignature	; 29h if the following fields exist
		superd VolumeID
bsVolumeLabel	zb 11
bsFileSysType	zb 8			; Must be FAT12 or FAT16 for this version
superblock_len	equ $-superblock

SecPerClust	equ bxSecPerClust
;
; Note we don't check the constraints above now; we did that at install
; time (we hope!)
;

;floppy_table	equ $			; No sense in wasting memory, overwrite start

start:
		cli			; No interrupts yet, please
		cld			; Copy upwards
;
; Set up the stack
;
		xor ax,ax
		mov ss,ax
		mov sp,StackBuf		; Just below BSS
		mov es,ax
;
; DS:SI may contain a partition table entry.  Preserve it for us.
;
		mov cx,8		; Save partition info
		mov di,sp
		rep movsw

		mov ds,ax		; Now we can initialize DS...

		mov [di+bsDriveNumber-FloppyTable],dl
;
; Now sautee the BIOS floppy info block to that it will support decent-
; size transfers; the floppy block is 11 bytes and is stored in the
; INT 1Eh vector (brilliant waste of resources, eh?)
;
; Of course, if BIOSes had been properly programmed, we wouldn't have
; had to waste precious space with this code.
;
		mov bx,fdctab
		lfs si,[bx]		; FS:SI -> original fdctab
		push fs			; Save on stack in case we need to bail
		push si

		; Save the old fdctab even if hard disk so the stack layout
		; is the same.  The instructions above do not change the flags
		and dl,dl		; If floppy disk (00-7F), assume no
					; partition table
		js harddisk

floppy:
		mov cl,6		; 12 bytes (CX == 0)
		; es:di -> FloppyTable already
		; This should be safe to do now, interrupts are off...
		mov [bx],di		; FloppyTable
		mov [bx+2],ax		; Segment 0
		fs rep movsw		; Faster to move words
		mov cl,[bsSecPerTrack]  ; Patch the sector count
		mov [di-8],cl
		; AX == 0 here
		int 13h			; Some BIOSes need this

		jmp short not_harddisk
;
; The drive number and possibly partition information was passed to us
; by the BIOS or previous boot loader (MBR).  Current "best practice" is to
; trust that rather than what the superblock contains.
;
; Would it be better to zero out bsHidden if we don't have a partition table?
;
; Note: di points to beyond the end of PartInfo
;
harddisk:
		test byte [di-16],7Fh	; Sanity check: "active flag" should
		jnz no_partition	; be 00 or 80
		mov eax,[di-8]		; Partition offset (dword)
		mov [bsHidden],eax
no_partition:
;
; Get disk drive parameters (don't trust the superblock.)  Don't do this for
; floppy drives -- INT 13:08 on floppy drives will (may?) return info about
; what the *drive* supports, not about the *media*.  Fortunately floppy disks
; tend to have a fixed, well-defined geometry which is stored in the superblock.
;
		; DL == drive # still
		mov ah,08h
		int 13h
		jc no_driveparm
		and ah,ah
		jnz no_driveparm
		shr dx,8
		inc dx			; Contains # of heads - 1
		mov [bsHeads],dx
		and cx,3fh
		mov [bsSecPerTrack],cx
no_driveparm:
not_harddisk:
;
; Ready to enable interrupts, captain
;
		sti
;
; Insane hack to expand the superblock to dwords
;
expand_super:
		xor eax,eax
		mov es,ax			; INT 13:08 destroys ES
		mov si,superblock
		mov di,SuperInfo
		mov cl,superinfo_size		; CH == 0
.loop:
		lodsw
		dec si
		stosd				; Store expanded word
		xor ah,ah
		stosd				; Store expanded byte
		loop .loop

;
; Now we have to do some arithmetric to figure out where things are located.
; If Micro$oft had had brains they would already have done this for us,
; and stored it in the superblock at format time, but here we go,
; wasting precious boot sector space again...
;
%define		Z di-superinfo_size*8-SuperInfo
debugentrypt:
		mov ax,[bxFATs]		; Number of FATs (eax<31:16> == 0)
		mov edx,[Z+bxFATsecs]	; Sectors/FAT
		mul edx			; Get the size of the FAT area
		; edx <- 0
		add eax,[bxHidden]		; Add hidden sectors
		add eax,[Z+bxResSectors]	; And reserved sectors

		mov [RootDir],eax	; Location of root directory
		mov [DataArea],eax	; First data sector
		push eax

		mov eax,[Z+bxRootDirEnts]
		shl ax,5		; Size of a directory entry
		mov bx,[Z+bxBytesPerSec]
		add ax,bx		; Round up, not down
		dec ax
		div bx			; Now we have the size of the root dir
		mov [RootDirSize],ax
		mov [DirScanCtr],ax
		add bx,trackbuf-31
		mov [Z+EndofDirSec],bx	; End of a single directory sector
		add [Z+DataArea],eax
		pop eax			; Reload root directory starting point

;
; Now the fun begins.  We have to search the root directory for
; LDLINUX.SYS and load the first sector, so we have a little more
; space to have fun with.  Then we can go chasing through the FAT.
; Joy!!
;
sd_nextsec:	push eax
		mov bx,trackbuf
		push bx
		call getonesec
		pop si
sd_nextentry:	mov cx,11
		cmp [si],ch		; Directory high water mark
		je kaboom
; This no longer fits... since we'd be dead anyway if there
; was a nonfile named LDLINUX.SYS on the disk, it shouldn't
; matter...
;		test byte [si+11],18h	; Must be a file
;		jnz sd_not_file
		mov di,ldlinux_name
		push si
		repe cmpsb
		pop si
		je found_it
sd_not_file:	add si,byte 32		; Distance to next
		cmp si,[EndofDirSec]
		jb sd_nextentry
		pop eax
		inc eax
		dec word [DirScanCtr]
		jnz sd_nextsec
;
; kaboom: write a message and bail out.
;
kaboom:
		xor si,si
		mov ss,si		
		mov sp,StackBuf-4 	; Reset stack
		mov ds,si		; Reset data segment
		pop dword [fdctab]	; Restore FDC table
.patch:		mov si,bailmsg
		call writestr		; Returns with AL = 0
		cbw			; AH <- 0
		int 16h			; Wait for keypress
		int 19h			; And try once more to boot...
.norge:		jmp short .norge	; If int 19h returned; this is the end

;
; found_it: now we compute the location of the first sector, then
;	    load it and JUMP (since we're almost out of space)
;
found_it:	; Note: we actually leave two words on the stack here
		; (who cares?)
		mov eax,[bxSecPerClust]
		mov bp,ax		; Load an entire cluster
		movzx ebx,word [si+26]	; First cluster
		mov [RunLinClust],bx	; Save for later use
		dec bx			; First cluster is "cluster 2"
		dec bx
		mul ebx
		add eax,[DataArea]
		mov bx,ldlinux_sys