statement.java

一个JDBC数据库连接的组件

/*
 * @(#)Statement.java	1.12 98/04/24
 * 
 * Copyright 1996-1998 by Sun Microsystems, Inc.,
 * 901 San Antonio Road, Palo Alto, California, 94303, U.S.A.
 * All rights reserved.
 *
 * This software is the confidential and proprietary information
 * of Sun Microsystems, Inc. ("Confidential Information").  You
 * shall not disclose such Confidential Information and shall use
 * it only in accordance with the terms of the license agreement
 * you entered into with Sun.
 */

package java.sql;

/**
 * <P>A Statement object is used for executing a static SQL statement
 * and obtaining the results produced by it. 
 *
 * <P>Only one ResultSet per Statement can be open at any point in
 * time. Therefore, if the reading of one ResultSet is interleaved
 * with the reading of another, each must have been generated by
 * different Statements. All statement execute methods implicitly
 * close a statment's current ResultSet if an open one exists.
 *
 * @see Connection#createStatement
 * @see ResultSet 
 */
public interface Statement {

    /**
     * Execute a SQL statement that returns a single ResultSet.
     *
     * @param sql typically this is a static SQL SELECT statement
     * @return a ResultSet that contains the data produced by the
     * query; never null 
     * @exception SQLException if a database-access error occurs.
     */
    ResultSet executeQuery(String sql) throws SQLException;

    /**
     * Execute a SQL INSERT, UPDATE or DELETE statement. In addition,
     * SQL statements that return nothing such as SQL DDL statements
     * can be executed.
     *
     * @param sql a SQL INSERT, UPDATE or DELETE statement or a SQL
     * statement that returns nothing
     * @return either the row count for INSERT, UPDATE or DELETE or 0
     * for SQL statements that return nothing
     * @exception SQLException if a database-access error occurs.
     */
    int executeUpdate(String sql) throws SQLException;

    /**
     * In many cases, it is desirable to immediately release a
     * Statements's database and JDBC resources instead of waiting for
     * this to happen when it is automatically closed; the close
     * method provides this immediate release.
     *
     * <P><B>Note:</B> A Statement is automatically closed when it is
     * garbage collected. When a Statement is closed, its current
     * ResultSet, if one exists, is also closed.  
     *
     * @exception SQLException if a database-access error occurs.
     */
    void close() throws SQLException;

    //----------------------------------------------------------------------

    /**
     * The maxFieldSize limit (in bytes) is the maximum amount of data
     * returned for any column value; it only applies to BINARY,
     * VARBINARY, LONGVARBINARY, CHAR, VARCHAR, and LONGVARCHAR
     * columns.  If the limit is exceeded, the excess data is silently
     * discarded.
     *
     * @return the current max column size limit; zero means unlimited 
     * @exception SQLException if a database-access error occurs.
     */
    int getMaxFieldSize() throws SQLException;
    
    /**
     * The maxFieldSize limit (in bytes) is set to limit the size of
     * data that can be returned for any column value; it only applies
     * to BINARY, VARBINARY, LONGVARBINARY, CHAR, VARCHAR, and
     * LONGVARCHAR fields.  If the limit is exceeded, the excess data
     * is silently discarded. For maximum portability use values
     * greater than 256.
     *
     * @param max the new max column size limit; zero means unlimited 
     * @exception SQLException if a database-access error occurs.
     */
    void setMaxFieldSize(int max) throws SQLException;

    /**
     * The maxRows limit is the maximum number of rows that a
     * ResultSet can contain.  If the limit is exceeded, the excess
     * rows are silently dropped.
     *
     * @return the current max row limit; zero means unlimited
     * @exception SQLException if a database-access error occurs.
     */
    int getMaxRows() throws SQLException;

    /**
     * The maxRows limit is set to limit the number of rows that any
     * ResultSet can contain.  If the limit is exceeded, the excess
     * rows are silently dropped.
     *
     * @param max the new max rows limit; zero means unlimited 
     * @exception SQLException if a database-access error occurs.
     */
    void setMaxRows(int max) throws SQLException;

    /**
     * If escape scanning is on (the default), the driver will do
     * escape substitution before sending the SQL to the database.
     *
     * Note: Since prepared statements have usually been parsed prior
     * to making this call, disabling escape processing for prepared
     * statements will like have no affect.
     *
     * @param enable true to enable; false to disable
     * @exception SQLException if a database-access error occurs.
     */
    void setEscapeProcessing(boolean enable) throws SQLException;

    /**
     * The queryTimeout limit is the number of seconds the driver will
     * wait for a Statement to execute. If the limit is exceeded, a
     * SQLException is thrown.
     *
     * @return the current query timeout limit in seconds; zero means unlimited 
     * @exception SQLException if a database-access error occurs.
     */
    int getQueryTimeout() throws SQLException;

    /**
     * The queryTimeout limit is the number of seconds the driver will
     * wait for a Statement to execute. If the limit is exceeded, a
     * SQLException is thrown.
     *
     * @param seconds the new query timeout limit in seconds; zero means 
     * unlimited 
     * @exception SQLException if a database-access error occurs.
     */
    void setQueryTimeout(int seconds) throws SQLException;

    /**
     * Cancel can be used by one thread to cancel a statement that
     * is being executed by another thread.
     *
     * @exception SQLException if a database-access error occurs.
     */
    void cancel() throws SQLException;

    /**
     * The first warning reported by calls on this Statement is
     * returned.  A Statment's execute methods clear its SQLWarning
     * chain. Subsequent Statement warnings will be chained to this
     * SQLWarning.
     *
     * <p>The warning chain is automatically cleared each time
     * a statement is (re)executed.
     *
     * <P><B>Note:</B> If you are processing a ResultSet then any
     * warnings associated with ResultSet reads will be chained on the
     * ResultSet object.
     *
     * @return the first SQLWarning or null 
     * @exception SQLException if a database-access error occurs.
     */
    SQLWarning getWarnings() throws SQLException;

    /**
     * After this call, getWarnings returns null until a new warning is
     * reported for this Statement.  
     *
     * @exception SQLException if a database-access error occurs.
     */
    void clearWarnings() throws SQLException;

    /**
     * setCursorname defines the SQL cursor name that will be used by
     * subsequent Statement execute methods. This name can then be
     * used in SQL positioned update/delete statements to identify the
     * current row in the ResultSet generated by this statement.  If
     * the database doesn't support positioned update/delete, this
     * method is a noop.  To insure that a cursor has the proper isolation
     * level to support update, the cursor's select statement should be
     * of the form 'select for update ...'. If the 'for update' clause is 
     * omitted the positioned updates may fail.
     *
     * <P><B>Note:</B> By definition, positioned update/delete
     * execution must be done by a different Statement than the one
     * which generated the ResultSet being used for positioning. Also,
     * cursor names must be unique within a Connection.
     *
     * @param name the new cursor name.  
     * @exception SQLException if a database-access error occurs.
     */
    void setCursorName(String name) throws SQLException;
	
    //----------------------- Multiple Results --------------------------

    /**
     * Execute a SQL statement that may return multiple results.
     * Under some (uncommon) situations a single SQL statement may return
     * multiple result sets and/or update counts.  Normally you can ignore
     * this, unless you're executing a stored procedure that you know may
     * return multiple results, or unless you're dynamically executing an
     * unknown SQL string.  The "execute", "getMoreResults", "getResultSet"
     * and "getUpdateCount" methods let you navigate through multiple results.
     *
     * The "execute" method executes a SQL statement and indicates the
     * form of the first result.  You can then use getResultSet or
     * getUpdateCount to retrieve the result, and getMoreResults to
     * move to any subsequent result(s).
     *
     * @param sql any SQL statement
     * @return true if the next result is a ResultSet; false if it is
     * an update count or there are no more results
     * @exception SQLException if a database-access error occurs.
     * @see #getResultSet
     * @see #getUpdateCount
     * @see #getMoreResults 
     */
    boolean execute(String sql) throws SQLException;
	
    /**
     *  getResultSet returns the current result as a ResultSet.  It
     *  should only be called once per result.
     *
     * @return the current result as a ResultSet; null if the result
     * is an update count or there are no more results
     * @exception SQLException if a database-access error occurs.
     * @see #execute 
     */
    ResultSet getResultSet() throws SQLException; 

    /**
     *  getUpdateCount returns the current result as an update count;
     *  if the result is a ResultSet or there are no more results, -1
     *  is returned.  It should only be called once per result.
     * 
     * @return the current result as an update count; -1 if it is a
     * ResultSet or there are no more results
     * @exception SQLException if a database-access error occurs.
     * @see #execute 
     */
    int getUpdateCount() throws SQLException; 

    /**
     * getMoreResults moves to a Statement's next result.  It returns true if 
     * this result is a ResultSet.  getMoreResults also implicitly
     * closes any current ResultSet obtained with getResultSet.
     *
     * There are no more results when (!getMoreResults() &&
     * (getUpdateCount() == -1)
     *
     * @return true if the next result is a ResultSet; false if it is
     * an update count or there are no more results
     * @exception SQLException if a database-access error occurs.
     * @see #execute 
     */
    boolean getMoreResults() throws SQLException; 


    //--------------------------JDBC 2.0-----------------------------


    /**
     * JDBC 2.0
     *
     * Give a hint as to the direction in which the rows in a result set
     * will be processed. The hint applies only to result sets created 
     * using this Statement object.  The default value is 
     * ResultSet.FETCH_FORWARD.
     *
     * @param direction the initial direction for processing rows
     * @exception SQLException if a database-access error occurs or direction
     * is not one of ResultSet.FETCH_FORWARD, ResultSet.FETCH_REVERSE, or
     * ResultSet.FETCH_UNKNOWN
     */
    void setFetchDirection(int direction) throws SQLException;

    /**
     * JDBC 2.0
     *
     * Determine the fetch direction.
     *
     * @return the default fetch direction
     * @exception SQLException if a database-access error occurs
     */
    int getFetchDirection() throws SQLException;

    /**
     * JDBC 2.0
     *
     * Give the JDBC driver a hint as to the number of rows that should 
     * be fetched from the database when more rows are needed.  The number 
     * of rows specified only affects result sets created using this 
     * statement. If the value specified is zero, then the hint is ignored.
     * The default value is zero.
     *
     * @param rows the number of rows to fetch
     * @exception SQLException if a database-access error occurs, or the
     * condition 0 <= rows <= this.getMaxRows() is not satisfied.
     */
    void setFetchSize(int rows) throws SQLException;
  
    /**
     * JDBC 2.0
     *
     * Determine the default fetch size.
     */
    int getFetchSize() throws SQLException;

    /**
     * JDBC 2.0
     *
     * Determine the result set concurrency.
     */
    int getResultSetConcurrency() throws SQLException;

    /**
     * JDBC 2.0
     *
     * Determine the result set type.
     */
    int getResultSetType()  throws SQLException;

    /**
     * JDBC 2.0
     *
     * Adds a SQL command to the current batch of commmands for the statement.
     * This method is optional.
     *
     * @param sql typically this is a static SQL INSERT or UPDATE statement
     * @exception SQLException if a database-access error occurs, or the
     * driver does not support batch statements
     */
    void addBatch( String sql ) throws SQLException;

    /**
     * JDBC 2.0
     *
     * Make the set of commands in the current batch empty.
     * This method is optional.
     *
     * @exception SQLException if a database-access error occurs, or the
     * driver does not support batch statements
     */
    void clearBatch() throws SQLException;

    /**
     * JDBC 2.0
     * 
     * Submit a batch of commands to the database for execution.
     * This method is optional.
     *
     * @return an array of update counts containing one element for each
     * command in the batch.  The array is ordered according 
     * to the order in which commands were inserted into the batch
     * @exception SQLException if a database-access error occurs, or the
     * driver does not support batch statements
     */
    int[] executeBatch() throws SQLException;

    /**
     * JDBC 2.0
     * 
     * Return the Connection that produced the Statement.
     */
    Connection getConnection()  throws SQLException;
}