ca65-1.html

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<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 3.2 Final//EN"><HTML><HEAD> <META NAME="GENERATOR" CONTENT="LinuxDoc-Tools 0.9.20"> <TITLE>ca65 Users Guide: Overview</TITLE> <LINK HREF="ca65-2.html" REL=next> <LINK HREF="ca65.html#toc1" REL=contents></HEAD><BODY><A HREF="ca65-2.html">Next</A>Previous<A HREF="ca65.html#toc1">Contents</A><HR><H2><A NAME="s1">1.</A> <A HREF="ca65.html#toc1">Overview</A></H2><P>ca65 is a replacement for the ra65 assembler that was part of the cc65 Ccompiler, originally developed by John R. Dunning. I had some problems withra65 and the copyright does not permit some things which I wanted to bepossible, so I decided to write a completely new assembler/linker/archiversuite for the cc65 compiler. ca65 is part of this suite.</P><P>Some parts of the assembler (code generation and some routines for symboltable handling) are taken from an older crossassembler named a816 writtenby me a long time ago.</P><H2><A NAME="ss1.1">1.1</A> <A HREF="ca65.html#toc1.1">Design criteria</A></H2><P>Here's a list of the design criteria, that I considered important for thedevelopment:</P><P><UL><LI>    The assembler must support macros. Macros are not essential, but theymake some things easier, especially when you use the assembler in thebackend of a compiler.</LI><LI>    The assembler must support the newer 65C02 and 65816 CPUs. I have beenthinking about a 65816 backend for the C compiler, and even my olda816 assembler had support for these CPUs, so this wasn't really aproblem.</LI><LI>    The assembler must produce relocatable code. This is necessary for thecompiler support, and it is more convenient.</LI><LI>    Conditional assembly must be supported. This is a must for biggerprojects written in assembler (like Elite128).</LI><LI>    The assembler must support segments, and it must support more thanthree segments (this is the count, most other assemblers support).Having more than one code segments helps developing code for systemswith a divided ROM area (like the C64).</LI><LI>    The linker must be able to resolve arbitrary expressions. It shouldbe able to get things like<BLOCKQUOTE><CODE><PRE>        .import S1, S2        .export Special        Special = 2*S1 + S2/7</PRE></CODE></BLOCKQUOTE>right.</LI><LI>    True lexical nesting for symbols. This is very convenient for largerassembly projects.</LI><LI>    "Cheap" local symbols without lexical nesting for those quick, latenight hacks.</LI><LI>    I liked the idea of "options" as Anre Fachats .o65 format has it, so Iintroduced the concept into the object file format use by the new cc65binutils.</LI><LI>    The assembler will be a one pass assembler. There was no real need forthis decision, but I've written several multipass assemblers, and itstarted to get boring. A one pass assembler needs much more elaborateddata structures, and because of that it's much more fun:-)</LI><LI>    Non-GPLed code that may be used in any project without restrictions orfear of "GPL infecting" other code.</LI></UL></P><HR><A HREF="ca65-2.html">Next</A>Previous<A HREF="ca65.html#toc1">Contents</A></BODY></HTML>

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