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<div style='text-align:right;position:absolute;top:92.0%;left:72.65%;
width:18.91%;height:3.0%'><span style='font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";font-size:58%;mso-field-code:meta16'>89</span><span
style='font-size:58%;mso-special-format:lastCR;display:none'> </span></div>
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<div style='position:absolute;top:5.0%;left:5.05%;width:92.13%;height:6.25%'><span
style='font-family:黑体;mso-ascii-font-family:黑体;mso-fareast-font-family:黑体;
font-size:133%'>6.1<span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span>归纳 </span></div>
<div style='position:absolute;top:11.75%;left:5.05%;width:92.13%;height:4.75%'> </div>
<div style='position:absolute;top:16.75%;left:5.05%;width:92.13%;height:5.25%'><span
style='font-family:仿宋_GB2312;mso-fareast-font-family:仿宋_GB2312'>归纳</span><span
style='font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>:<span
style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span></span>从特殊<span style='font-family:
"Times New Roman";mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>(</span>具体示例<span
style='font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>)</span>到一般<span
style='font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>(</span>泛化<span
style='font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>)</span>的推理过程<span
style='font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>. </span></div>
<div style='position:absolute;top:21.5%;left:5.05%;width:92.13%;height:5.75%'><span
style='font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman"'><span
style="mso-spacerun:
yes"> </span></span>若<span
style='font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>
</span><span style='font-family:Symbol;mso-char-type:symbol'><i>a</i></span><span
style='font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman"'><i>,
</i></span><span style='font-family:Symbol;mso-char-type:symbol'><i>b</i></span><span
style='font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>,
</span>则<span style='font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>
</span><span style='font-family:Symbol;mso-char-type:symbol'><i>a®b</i></span><span
style='font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>. </span></div>
<div style='position:absolute;top:27.75%;left:5.05%;width:92.13%;height:4.75%'> </div>
<div style='position:absolute;top:32.25%;left:5.05%;width:110.48%;height:5.75%'>设<span
style='font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>
</span><span style='font-family:Symbol;mso-char-type:symbol'><i>S</i></span><span
style='font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman"'><i>=(</i></span><span
style='font-family:Symbol;mso-char-type:symbol'><i>G</i></span><span
style='font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman"'><i>,</i></span><span
style='font-family:Symbol;mso-char-type:symbol'><i>D</i></span><span
style='font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman"'><i>)</i></span><span
style='font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>
</span>是一个协调的句子集<span style='font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-ascii-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>(</span>信念集<span style='font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>). </span><span style='font-family:
Symbol;mso-char-type:symbol'><i>D</i></span><span style='font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman"'> </span>是欲泛化的<span style='font-family:
"Times New Roman";mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>(</span>观察<span
style='font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>)</span>数 </div>
<div style='position:absolute;top:37.5%;left:5.05%;width:92.13%;height:5.75%'>据<span
style='font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>,
</span><span style='font-family:Symbol;mso-char-type:symbol'><i>G</i></span><span
style='font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>
</span>是背景理论<span style='font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-ascii-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span></span>要求 </div>
<div style='position:absolute;top:43.75%;left:5.05%;width:92.13%;height:4.75%'> </div>
<div style='position:absolute;top:48.25%;left:5.05%;width:92.13%;height:5.75%'><span
style='font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman"'><i><span
style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span></i></span><span
style='font-family:Symbol;mso-char-type:symbol'><i>G</i></span><span
style='font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman"'><i>
|</i></span><span style='font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'><i>‡</i></span><span style='font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman"'><i> </i></span><span
style='font-family:Symbol;mso-char-type:symbol'><i>D</i></span><span
style='font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>
. </span></div>
<div style='position:absolute;top:54.25%;left:5.05%;width:92.13%;height:4.75%'> </div>
<div style='position:absolute;top:58.75%;left:5.05%;width:106.74%;height:5.75%'>定义一个句子<span
style='font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman"'><i>
</i></span><span style='font-family:Symbol;mso-char-type:symbol'><i>j</i></span><span
style='font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>
(</span>归纳假设<span style='font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-ascii-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>)</span>是<span style='font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman"'> </span><span style='font-family:
Symbol;mso-char-type:symbol'>S</span><span style='font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman"'> </span>的归纳结论<span style='font-family:
"Times New Roman";mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>, </span>记<span
style='font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>
</span><span style='font-family:Symbol;mso-char-type:symbol'><i>GÈD</i></span><span
style='font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman"'><i>
</i></span><span style='font-family:Symbol;mso-char-type:symbol'><i>Þ</i></span><span
style='font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman"'><i>
</i></span><span style='font-family:Symbol;mso-char-type:symbol'><i>j</i></span><span
style='font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>,
iff<span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span> </span></div>
<div style='position:absolute;top:65.0%;left:5.05%;width:92.13%;height:4.75%'><span
lang=EN-US style='mso-fareast-language:ZH-CN;display:none'> </span></div>
<div style='position:absolute;top:70.0%;left:5.05%;width:92.13%;height:5.25%'><span
lang=EN-US style='font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-fareast-language:ZH-CN'>1.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span></span>假设与背景理论和数据协调<span
style='font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>. </span></div>
<div style='position:absolute;top:74.75%;left:5.05%;width:92.13%;height:5.75%'><span
style='font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman"'><span
style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span></span><span
style='font-family:Symbol;mso-char-type:symbol'><i>G</i></span><span
style='font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman"'><i>
</i></span><span style='font-family:Symbol;mso-char-type:symbol'><i>È</i></span><span
style='font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman"'><i>
</i></span><span style='font-family:Symbol;mso-char-type:symbol'><i>D</i></span><span
style='font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman"'><i>
|</i></span><span style='font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'><i>‡</i></span><span style='font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman"'><i> </i></span><span
style='font-family:Symbol;mso-char-type:symbol'><i>Ø</i></span><span
style='font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman"'><i>
</i></span><span style='font-family:Symbol;mso-char-type:symbol'><i>j</i></span> </div>
<div style='position:absolute;top:80.5%;left:5.05%;width:92.13%;height:5.25%'><span
style='font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>2.<span
style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span></span>假设能解释数据<span style='font-family:
"Times New Roman";mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>. </span></div>
<div style='position:absolute;top:85.5%;left:5.05%;width:92.13%;height:5.75%'><span
style='font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman"'><span
style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span></span><span
style='font-family:Symbol;mso-char-type:symbol'><i>G</i></span><span
style='font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman"'><i>
</i></span><span style='font-family:Symbol;mso-char-type:symbol'><i>È</i></span><span
style='font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman"'><i>
{</i></span><span style='font-family:Symbol;mso-char-type:symbol'><i>j</i></span><span
style='font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman"'><i>}
|= </i></span><span style='font-family:Symbol;mso-char-type:symbol'><i>D</i></span> </div>
<div style='position:absolute;top:91.5%;left:5.05%;width:92.13%;height:4.75%'><span
style='mso-special-format:lastCR;display:none'> </span></div>
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