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<div style='text-align:right;position:absolute;top:92.0%;left:72.65%;
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<div style='position:absolute;top:5.0%;left:4.11%;width:95.5%;height:4.75%'><span
style='font-family:黑体;mso-ascii-font-family:黑体;mso-fareast-font-family:黑体'>8.3.2<span
style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span>知识的性质 </span></div>
<div style='position:absolute;top:10.5%;left:4.11%;width:95.5%;height:4.75%'> </div>
<div style='position:absolute;top:14.75%;left:4.11%;width:95.5%;height:5.75%'><span
style='font-family:仿宋_GB2312;mso-ascii-font-family:仿宋_GB2312;mso-fareast-font-family:
仿宋_GB2312'>公理 1</span><span style='font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-ascii-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'> (</span>分配<span style='font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>).<span style="mso-spacerun:
yes"> </span></span><span lang=EN-US style='font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-fareast-language:ZH-CN'><i>K_a(</i></span><span
lang=EN-US style='font-family:Symbol;mso-fareast-language:ZH-CN;mso-char-type:
symbol'><i>f</i></span><span lang=EN-US style='font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-fareast-language:ZH-CN'><i> </i></span><span
lang=EN-US style='font-family:Symbol;mso-fareast-language:ZH-CN;mso-char-type:
symbol'><i>®</i></span><span lang=EN-US style='font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-fareast-language:ZH-CN'><i> </i></span><span
lang=EN-US style='font-family:Symbol;mso-fareast-language:ZH-CN;mso-char-type:
symbol'><i>j</i></span><span lang=EN-US style='font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-fareast-language:ZH-CN'><i>) </i></span><span
lang=EN-US style='font-family:Symbol;mso-fareast-language:ZH-CN;mso-char-type:
symbol'><i>®</i></span><span lang=EN-US style='font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-fareast-language:ZH-CN'><i> (K_a(</i></span><span
lang=EN-US style='font-family:Symbol;mso-fareast-language:ZH-CN;mso-char-type:
symbol'><i>f</i></span><span lang=EN-US style='font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-fareast-language:ZH-CN'><i>) </i></span><span
lang=EN-US style='font-family:Symbol;mso-fareast-language:ZH-CN;mso-char-type:
symbol'><i>®</i></span><span lang=EN-US style='font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-fareast-language:ZH-CN'><i> K_a(</i></span><span
lang=EN-US style='font-family:Symbol;mso-fareast-language:ZH-CN;mso-char-type:
symbol'><i>j</i></span><span lang=EN-US style='font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-fareast-language:ZH-CN'><i>)) </i></span></div>
<div style='position:absolute;top:21.0%;left:4.11%;width:95.5%;height:4.75%'>等价于<i> </i></div>
<div style='position:absolute;top:25.5%;left:4.11%;width:95.5%;height:5.75%'><span
style='font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman"'><i><span
style="mso-spacerun:
yes">
</span>K_a(</i></span><span lang=EN-US style='font-family:Symbol;mso-fareast-language:
ZH-CN;mso-char-type:symbol'><i>f</i></span><span lang=EN-US style='font-family:
"Times New Roman";mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-fareast-language:
ZH-CN'><i>) </i></span><span lang=EN-US style='font-family:Symbol;mso-fareast-language:
ZH-CN;mso-char-type:symbol'><i>Ù</i></span><span lang=EN-US style='font-family:
"Times New Roman";mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-fareast-language:
ZH-CN'><i> K_a(</i></span><span lang=EN-US style='font-family:Symbol;
mso-fareast-language:ZH-CN;mso-char-type:symbol'><i>f®j</i></span><span
lang=EN-US style='font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-fareast-language:ZH-CN'><i>) </i></span><span lang=EN-US style='font-family:
Symbol;mso-fareast-language:ZH-CN;mso-char-type:symbol'><i>®</i></span><span
lang=EN-US style='font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-fareast-language:ZH-CN'><i> K_a(</i></span><span lang=EN-US
style='font-family:Symbol;mso-fareast-language:ZH-CN;mso-char-type:symbol'><i>j</i></span><span
lang=EN-US style='font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-fareast-language:ZH-CN'><i>) </i></span></div>
<div style='position:absolute;top:31.75%;left:4.11%;width:95.5%;height:4.75%'><span
lang=EN-US style='mso-fareast-language:ZH-CN;display:none'><i> </i></span></div>
<div style='position:absolute;top:36.5%;left:4.11%;width:95.5%;height:5.25%'>一个主体能对自身拥有的知识推理<span
style='font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>. </span></div>
<div style='position:absolute;top:41.5%;left:4.11%;width:114.41%;height:5.75%'>可能世界语义对知识<span
style='font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>
</span><span lang=EN-US style='font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-ascii-font-family:
"Times New Roman";mso-fareast-language:ZH-CN'><i>K</i></span><span lang=EN-US
style='font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-fareast-language:ZH-CN'> </span>的反面<span style='font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>:<span style="mso-spacerun:
yes"> </span></span>若<span style='font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman"'> </span><span style='font-family:
Symbol;mso-char-type:symbol'><i>f</i></span><span style='font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman"'><i><span style="mso-spacerun:
yes"> </span></i></span>在满足<span style='font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman"'> </span><span lang=EN-US
style='font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-fareast-language:ZH-CN'><i>k(a,w1,w2)</i></span><span lang=EN-US
style='font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-fareast-language:ZH-CN'> </span>的每个<span style='font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman"'> </span><span lang=EN-US
style='font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-fareast-language:ZH-CN'><i>w2</i></span><span lang=EN-US style='mso-fareast-language:
ZH-CN;display:none'> </span></div>
<div style='position:absolute;top:46.75%;left:4.11%;width:95.5%;height:5.75%'>中为真<span
style='font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>,
</span>则<span style='font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman"'><i>
a</i></span><span lang=EN-US style='font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-ascii-font-family:
"Times New Roman";mso-fareast-language:ZH-CN'> </span>知道<span
style='font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>
</span><span style='font-family:Symbol;mso-char-type:symbol'><i>f</i></span><span
style='font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman"'><i><span
style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span></i></span>在<span style='font-family:
"Times New Roman";mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman"'> </span><span
lang=EN-US style='font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-fareast-language:ZH-CN'><i>w1</i></span><span lang=EN-US style='font-family:
"Times New Roman";mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-fareast-language:
ZH-CN'>. </span></div>
<div style='position:absolute;top:53.0%;left:4.11%;width:95.5%;height:4.75%'><span
lang=EN-US style='mso-fareast-language:ZH-CN;display:none'> </span></div>
<div style='position:absolute;top:57.5%;left:4.11%;width:95.5%;height:5.75%'><span
style='font-family:仿宋_GB2312;mso-ascii-font-family:仿宋_GB2312;mso-fareast-font-family:
仿宋_GB2312'>公理 2</span><span style='font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-ascii-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'> (</span>知识<span style='font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>).<span style="mso-spacerun:
yes"> </span></span><span lang=EN-US style='font-family:
"Times New Roman";mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-fareast-language:
ZH-CN'><i>K_a(</i></span><span lang=EN-US style='font-family:Symbol;
mso-fareast-language:ZH-CN;mso-char-type:symbol'><i>f</i></span><span
lang=EN-US style='font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-fareast-language:ZH-CN'><i>) </i></span><span lang=EN-US style='font-family:
Symbol;mso-fareast-language:ZH-CN;mso-char-type:symbol'><i>®</i></span><span
lang=EN-US style='font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-fareast-language:ZH-CN'><i> </i></span><span lang=EN-US style='font-family:
Symbol;mso-fareast-language:ZH-CN;mso-char-type:symbol'><i>f</i></span><span
lang=EN-US style='mso-fareast-language:ZH-CN;display:none'> </span></div>
<div style='position:absolute;top:63.75%;left:4.11%;width:95.5%;height:4.75%'><span
lang=EN-US style='mso-fareast-language:ZH-CN;display:none'> </span></div>
<div style='position:absolute;top:68.5%;left:4.11%;width:95.5%;height:5.25%'>一个主体不可能知道假的命题<span
style='font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>(</span>矛盾<span
style='font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>).
</span></div>
<div style='position:absolute;top:73.75%;left:4.11%;width:95.5%;height:5.25%'>可能世界语义中可达关系是自反的<span
style='font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>:<span
style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span></span><span lang=EN-US
style='font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-fareast-language:ZH-CN'><i>k(a,w1,w1).</i></span><span lang=EN-US
style='mso-fareast-language:ZH-CN;display:none'> </span></div>
<div style='position:absolute;top:79.5%;left:4.11%;width:95.5%;height:4.75%'><span
lang=EN-US style='mso-fareast-language:ZH-CN;display:none'> </span></div>
<div style='position:absolute;top:85.0%;left:4.11%;width:95.5%;height:4.75%'><span
style='mso-special-format:lastCR;display:none'> </span></div>
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