chmem.1

操作系统设计与实现源码

%!PS-Adobe-1.0
%%Creator: devps (Pipeline Associates, Inc.)
%%CreationDate: Fri Sep 13 13:03:26 1996
%%Pages: (atend)
%%DocumentFonts: (atend)

/devps 180 dict def devps begin
/res 10.000000 def
/y_offset 843 def
/X{exch}bind def
/mm {transform round X round X itransform} bind def
/r{rmoveto}bind def
/m{moveto}bind def
/l{lineto}bind def
/rl{rlineto}bind def
/st{stroke}bind def
/gs{gsave}bind def
/gr{grestore}bind def
/cp{currentpoint}bind def
/np{newpath}bind def
/ct{curveto}bind def
systemdict /setpacking known
 { /savepacking currentpacking def true setpacking } if
/m0{0 0 moveto}bind def
/xc{//res div}bind def
/yc{//res neg div //y_offset add}bind def
/lc{yc X xc X l st}bind def
/mc{yc X xc X m}bind def
/el{gs /a X def a div 1 X scale cp np a xc 2 div 0 360 arc st gr}bind def
/ar{cp 7 2 roll np xc 5 1 roll atan 3 1 roll atan X arc st}bind def
/sp{yc X xc X 6 2 roll yc X xc X 6 2 roll yc X xc X 6 2 roll ct}bind def
/V{//res neg div //y_offset add
currentpoint pop X
m}bind def
/H{//res div
0 transform X round X itransform pop
currentpoint X pop
moveto}bind def
/h{//res div 0 r}bind def
/v{//res neg div 0 X r}bind def
/S{X H show}bind def
/A{H //res div 1 index stringwidth pop sub 1 index length div 0 3 2 roll ashow}bind def
/psize 10 def
/height 0 def
/cheight { height 0 ne { height } { psize } ifelse } bind def
/slant 0 def
/FF{findfont X dup 30 div 0 mm pop setlinewidth /psize X def
    [psize 0 cheight slant sin slant cos div mul cheight 0 0]
    makefont setfont}bind def
/shade{gs
 /dy X def
 /dx X def
 np m
 0 /dy rl
 /dx 0 rl
 0 /dy neg rl
 /dx neg 0 rl
 closepath
 .9 setgray
 fill
gr}bind def
1 setlinecap

/resolution res 72 mul def


/startFig {
	/SavedState save def
	userdict maxlength dict begin
	currentpoint transform

	DocumentInitState setmiterlimit setgray setdash setlinejoin setlinecap
		setlinewidth setmatrix

	itransform moveto

	/ury exch def
	/urx exch def
	/lly exch def
	/llx exch def
	/y exch 72 mul resolution div def
	/x exch 72 mul resolution div def
	
	currentpoint /cy exch def /cx exch def

	/sx x urx llx sub div def
	/sy y ury lly sub div def

	sx sy scale

	cx sx div llx sub
	cy sy div ury sub translate
	
	/DefFigCTM matrix currentmatrix def

	/initmatrix {
		DefFigCTM setmatrix
	} def
	/defaultmatrix {
		DefFigCTM exch copy
	} def

	/initgraphics {
		DocumentInitState setmiterlimit setgray setdash 
			setlinejoin setlinecap setlinewidth setmatrix
		DefFigCTM setmatrix
	} def

	/showpage {
		initgraphics
	} def

}bind  def
/clipFig {
	currentpoint 6 2 roll
	newpath 4 copy
	4 2 roll moveto
	6 -1 roll exch lineto
	exch lineto
	exch lineto
	closepath clip
	newpath
	moveto
}bind  def
/doclip { llx lly urx ury clipFig } def
/endFig {
	end SavedState restore
}bind  def
/globalstart {
	fontnum psize slant height resolution currentpoint 
	pagesave restore gsave 
}bind  def
/globalend {
	grestore moveto
	/resolution exch def /height exch def
	/slant exch def /psize exch def /fontnum exch def
	F
	/pagesave save def
}bind  def


/fontnum 1 def 
systemdict /setpacking known { savepacking setpacking} if
end
/BP{
save mark devps begin m0
/DocumentInitState [ matrix currentmatrix currentlinewidth currentlinecap
currentlinejoin currentdash currentgray currentmiterlimit ] cvx def
}bind def
/EP{
end cleartomark restore showpage}def

/Encoding-1 256 array def
0 1 255 {Encoding-1 exch /.notdef put} for
Encoding-1 8#301 StandardEncoding 8#101 26 getinterval putinterval %A-B
Encoding-1 8#341 StandardEncoding 8#141 26 getinterval putinterval %a-b
Encoding-1 8#241 StandardEncoding 8#301 16 getinterval putinterval %accents
Encoding-1 8#373 StandardEncoding 8#365 1 getinterval putinterval %dotlessi
Encoding-1
dup 8#41 /copyright put
dup 8#42 /registered put
dup 8#43 /trademark put
dup 8#44 /logicalnot put
dup 8#45 /Eth put
dup 8#46 /eth put
dup 8#47 /Thorn put
dup 8#50 /thorn put
dup 8#51 /brokenbar put
dup 8#52 /degree put
dup 8#53 /divide put
dup 8#54 /multiply put
dup 8#55 /minus put
dup 8#56 /onehalf put
dup 8#57 /onequarter put
dup 8#60 /threequarters put
dup 8#101 /Aacute put
dup 8#102 /Acircumflex put
dup 8#103 /Adieresis put
dup 8#104 /Agrave put
dup 8#105 /Aring put
dup 8#106 /Atilde put
dup 8#107 /Ccedilla put
dup 8#110 /Eacute put
dup 8#111 /Ecircumflex put
dup 8#112 /Edieresis put
dup 8#113 /Egrave put
dup 8#114 /Iacute put
dup 8#115 /Icircumflex put
dup 8#116 /Idieresis put
dup 8#117 /Igrave put
dup 8#120 /Ntilde put
dup 8#121 /Oacute put
dup 8#122 /Ocircumflex put
dup 8#123 /Odieresis put
dup 8#124 /Ograve put
dup 8#125 /Otilde put
dup 8#126 /Scaron put
dup 8#127 /Uacute put
dup 8#130 /Ucircumflex put
dup 8#131 /Udieresis put
dup 8#132 /Ugrave put
dup 8#133 /Ydieresis put
dup 8#134 /Zcaron put
dup 8#135 /aacute put
dup 8#136 /acircumflex put
dup 8#137 /adieresis put
dup 8#140 /agrave put
dup 8#141 /aring put
dup 8#142 /atilde put
dup 8#143 /ccedilla put
dup 8#144 /eacute put
dup 8#145 /ecircumflex put
dup 8#146 /edieresis put
dup 8#147 /egrave put
dup 8#150 /iacute put
dup 8#151 /icircumflex put
dup 8#152 /idieresis put
dup 8#153 /igrave put
dup 8#154 /ntilde put
dup 8#155 /oacute put
dup 8#156 /ocircumflex put
dup 8#157 /odieresis put
dup 8#160 /ograve put
dup 8#161 /otilde put
dup 8#162 /scaron put
dup 8#163 /uacute put
dup 8#164 /ucircumflex put
dup 8#165 /udieresis put
dup 8#166 /ugrave put
dup 8#167 /ydieresis put
dup 8#170 /zcaron put
pop

/Enc-dict 30 dict def
Enc-dict /tmpstr1 50 string put
Enc-dict /tmpstr2 50 string put
Enc-dict /tmpstr3 50 string dup (Encoding-) exch cvs pop put
/AEnc-def { % arguments: the original font's name, encoding nr
Enc-dict begin
tmpstr2 cvs /Enc-no exch def % Remember the number in a string
dup /OrigName exch def % remember the name
findfont dup maxlength dict /newdict exch def % get dictionary for new font
{ exch dup /FID ne
   { exch newdict 3 1 roll put }
   { pop pop } % Ignore FID
   ifelse
} forall
newdict begin
/Encoding
  tmpstr3 9 Enc-no putinterval tmpstr3 0 9 Enc-no length add getinterval
  cvn load
  def % Replace encoding
currentdict /UniqueID known
{ /UniqueID UniqueID Enc-no cvi 49999 mul add def } if % Derive New UniqueID
end % newdict
/FNlength OrigName tmpstr1 cvs length def % convert name, remember length
FNlength 1 add Enc-no length add string
dup 0 OrigName tmpstr1 cvs putinterval
dup FNlength (-) putinterval
dup FNlength 1 add Enc-no putinterval
dup 0 tmpstr1 0 FNlength getinterval putinterval % Add old name
cvn dup newdict /FontName 3 2 roll put newdict definefont
end % Enc-dict
} def
/Times-Roman 1 AEnc-def pop
/R-1{/Times-Roman-1 FF}def
/Times-Bold 1 AEnc-def pop
/B-1{/Times-Bold-1 FF}def
/R{/Times-Roman FF}def
/B{/Times-Bold FF}def
/I{/Times-Italic FF}def
%%EndProlog
%%Page: 1 1
BP
/slant 0 def
/height 0 def
480 V
10 R
720(CHMEM)S
1108(\()S
1150(1)S
1208(\))S
2696(Eighth)S
(Edition)296 2989 A
4739(CHMEM)S
5127(\()S
5169(1)S
5227(\))S
960 V
9 R
720(N)S
722(NA)S
790(AM)S
858(ME)S
940(E)S
1080 V
10 R
1080(chmem)S
10 R-1
1401(-)S
10 R
1483(change)S
1793(memory)S
2153(allocation)S
1248 V
9 R
720(S)S
722(SY)S
774(YN)S
842(NO)S
910(OP)S
978(PS)S
1030(SI)S
1082(IS)S
1115(S)S
1368 V
10 B
1080(chmem)S
10 R
1432([)S
10 B
1466(+)S
10 R
1523(])S
1595([)S
10 B-1
1629(-)S
10 R
1686(])S
1758([)S
10 B
1792(=)S
10 R
1849(])S
10 I
(amount)301 1921 A
2260(\256le)S
1536 V
9 R
720(E)S
722(EX)S
780(XA)S
848(AM)S
916(MP)S
998(PL)S
1050(LE)S
1108(ES)S
1166(S)S
1656 V
10 B
1080(chmem)S
(=50000)307 1419 A
1751(a.out)S
10 R
2080(#)S
2155(Give)S
10 I
2376(a.out)S
10 R
2604(50K)S
2802(of)S
2911(stack)S
(space)224 3143 A
1824 V
10 B
1080(chmem)S
10 B-1
1419(-)S
10 B
(4000)200 1476 A
1701(a.out)S
10 R
2080(#)S
2155(Reduce)S
2482(the)S
2630(stack)S
(space)224 2862 A
3111(by)S
(4000)200 3236 A
3461(bytes)S
1992 V
10 B
1080(chmem)S
([phone] A
1701(file1)S
10 R
2080(#)S
2155(Increase)S
(each)185 2517 A
2727(stack)S
2959(by)S
(1000)200 3084 A
3309(bytes)S
2160 V
9 R
720(D)S
722(DE)S
790(ES)S
848(SC)S
900(CR)S
962(RI)S
1024(IP)S
1057(PT)S
1109(TI)S
1167(IO)S
1200(ON)S
1268(N)S
2280 V
10 R
1080(When)S
1351(a)S
1427(program)S
1799(is)S
1897(loaded)S
2196(into)S
2383(memory,)S
2774(it)S
2861(is)S
2959(allocated)S
(enough)295 3354 A
3680(memory)S
4046(for)S
4195(the)S
4349(text)S
4531(and)S
4708(data+bss)S
5093(seg-)S
2400 V
1080(ments,)S
1373(plus)S
1568(an)S
1691(area)S
1888(for)S
2034(the)S
2185(stack.)S
2470(Data)S
2689(segment)S
3052(growth)S
3365(using)S
10 I
3610(malloc)S
3912(,)S
3965(brk)S
4127(,)S
10 R
4180(or)S
10 I
4292(sbrk)S
10 R
4492(eats)S
4676(up)S
4803(stack)S
(space)224 5037 A
2520 V
1080(from)S
1316(the)S
1479(low)S
1670(end.)S
1905(The)S
(amount)301 2102 A
2443(of)S
2567(stack)S
(space)224 2814 A
3079(to)S
3198(allocate)S
3553(is)S
3661(derived)S
4004(from)S
4241(a)S
4327(\256eld)S
4547(in)S
4666(the)S
4830(executable)S
2640 V
1080(program's)S
1530(\256le)S
1695(header.)S
2050(If)S
2154(the)S
2313(combined)S
2745(stack)S
2988(and)S
3169(data)S
3373(segment)S
3743(growth)S
(exceeds)319 4063 A
4417(the)S
4575(stack)S
(space)224 4817 A
5076(allo-)S
2760 V
1080(cated,)S
1343(the)S
1491(program)S
(will)157 1857 A
2039(be)S
2159(terminated.)S
2928 V
1080(It)S
1167(is)S
1259(therefore)S
1649(important)S
2065(to)S
2169(set)S
2307(the)S
(amount)301 2456 A
2783(of)S
2893(stack)S
(space)224 3126 A
3376(carefully.)S
3811(If)S
3905(too)S
(little)185 4059 A
4270(is)S
4363(provided,)S
4771(the)S
4920(program)S
3048 V
1080(may)S
1283(crash.)S
1576(If)S
1674(too)S
1832(much)S
2085(is)S
2182(provided,)S
2594(memory)S
(will)157 2959 A
3146(be)S
3271(wasted,)S
3606(and)S
3781(fewer)S
4042(programs)S
(will)157 4452 A
4639(be)S
4764(able)S
4962(to)S
5070(\256t)S
5183(in)S
3168 V
1080(memory)S
1462(and)S
1654(run)S
1835(simultaneously.)S
8 R
2530(MINIX)S
10 R
2818(does)S
3049(not)S
3224(swap,)S
3503(so)S
3639(that)S
3838(when)S
4104(memory)S
4487(is)S
4602(full,)S
4815(subsequent)S
3288 V
1080(attempts)S
1452(to)S
1561(fork)S
(will)157 1760 A
1948(fail.)S
2164(The)S
2352(compiler)S
2741(sets)S
2923(the)S
3077(stack)S
(space)224 3315 A
3570(to)S
3679(the)S
3833(largest)S
4133(possible)S
4493(value)S
4741(\(for)S
4923(the)S
5076(Intel)S
3408 V
1080(CPUs,)S
1367(64K)S
10 R-1
1567(-)S
10 R
1651(text)S
10 R-1
1829(-)S
10 R
1913(data\).)S
2192(For)S
2359(many)S
2609(programs,)S
3041(this)S
3213(value)S
3459(is)S
3554(far)S
3695(too)S
3851(large.)S
4131(Nonrecursive)S
4702(programs)S
5110(that)S
3528 V
1080(do)S
1206(not)S
1360(call)S
10 I
1532(brk)S
1692(,)S
1743(sbrk)S
1942(,)S
10 R
1993(or)S
10 I
2103(malloc)S
2403(,)S
10 R
2454(and)S
2625(do)S
2751(not)S
2905(have)S
3121(any)S
3292(local)S
3514(arrays)S
3787(usually)S
4103(do)S
4229(not)S
4383(need)S
4599(more)S
4831(than)S
5029(8K)S
5177(of)S
3648 V
1080(stack)S
(space.)249 1312 A
3816 V
1080(The)S
10 I
1272(chmem)S
10 R
1593(command)S
2024(changes)S
2383(the)S
2541(value)S
2794(of)S
2913(the)S
3071(header)S
3376(\256eld)S
3591(that)S
3778(determines)S
4256(the)S
4415(stack)S
4658(allocation,)S
5116(and)S
3936 V
1080(thus)S
1286(indirectly)S
1711(the)S
1873(total)S
2091(memory)S
2465(required)S
2840(to)S
2957(run)S
3130(the)S
3292(program.)S
3722(The)S
3918(=)S
4014(option)S
4309(sets)S
4499(the)S
4660(stack)S
4905(size)S
5100(to)S
5216(a)S
4056 V
1080(speci\256c)S
1415(value;)S
1688(the)S
1838(+)S
1922(and)S
10 R-1
2094(-)S
10 R
2178(options)S
2500(increment)S
2930(and)S
3102(decrement)S
3549(the)S
3699(current)S
4013(value)S
4259(by)S
4387(the)S
4538(indicated)S
(amount.)326 4935 A
4176 V
1080(The)S
1262(old)S
1415(and)S
1585(new)S
1778(stack)S
2010(sizes)S
2231(are)S
2380(printed.)S
4344 V
9 R
720(S)S
722(SE)S
774(EE)S
832(E)S
913(A)S
915(AL)S
983(LS)S
1041(SO)S
1093(O)S
4464 V
10 B
1080(install)S
10 R
1343(\(1\),)S
10 B
1511(brk)S
10 R
1668(\(2\).)S
7903 V
720(Page)S
941(1)S
4455(September)S
4911(13,)S
(1996)200 5061 A
8143 V
EP
%%Trailer
%%DocumentFonts: Times-Roman Times-Bold Times-Italic
%%Pages: 1