usage.8

操作系统设计与实现源码

%!PS-Adobe-1.0
%%Creator: devps (Pipeline Associates, Inc.)
%%CreationDate: Fri Sep 13 14:24:05 1996
%%Pages: (atend)
%%DocumentFonts: (atend)

/devps 180 dict def devps begin
/res 10.000000 def
/y_offset 843 def
/X{exch}bind def
/mm {transform round X round X itransform} bind def
/r{rmoveto}bind def
/m{moveto}bind def
/l{lineto}bind def
/rl{rlineto}bind def
/st{stroke}bind def
/gs{gsave}bind def
/gr{grestore}bind def
/cp{currentpoint}bind def
/np{newpath}bind def
/ct{curveto}bind def
systemdict /setpacking known
 { /savepacking currentpacking def true setpacking } if
/m0{0 0 moveto}bind def
/xc{//res div}bind def
/yc{//res neg div //y_offset add}bind def
/lc{yc X xc X l st}bind def
/mc{yc X xc X m}bind def
/el{gs /a X def a div 1 X scale cp np a xc 2 div 0 360 arc st gr}bind def
/ar{cp 7 2 roll np xc 5 1 roll atan 3 1 roll atan X arc st}bind def
/sp{yc X xc X 6 2 roll yc X xc X 6 2 roll yc X xc X 6 2 roll ct}bind def
/V{//res neg div //y_offset add
currentpoint pop X
m}bind def
/H{//res div
0 transform X round X itransform pop
currentpoint X pop
moveto}bind def
/h{//res div 0 r}bind def
/v{//res neg div 0 X r}bind def
/S{X H show}bind def
/A{H //res div 1 index stringwidth pop sub 1 index length div 0 3 2 roll ashow}bind def
/psize 10 def
/height 0 def
/cheight { height 0 ne { height } { psize } ifelse } bind def
/slant 0 def
/FF{findfont X dup 30 div 0 mm pop setlinewidth /psize X def
    [psize 0 cheight slant sin slant cos div mul cheight 0 0]
    makefont setfont}bind def
/shade{gs
 /dy X def
 /dx X def
 np m
 0 /dy rl
 /dx 0 rl
 0 /dy neg rl
 /dx neg 0 rl
 closepath
 .9 setgray
 fill
gr}bind def
1 setlinecap

/resolution res 72 mul def


/startFig {
	/SavedState save def
	userdict maxlength dict begin
	currentpoint transform

	DocumentInitState setmiterlimit setgray setdash setlinejoin setlinecap
		setlinewidth setmatrix

	itransform moveto

	/ury exch def
	/urx exch def
	/lly exch def
	/llx exch def
	/y exch 72 mul resolution div def
	/x exch 72 mul resolution div def
	
	currentpoint /cy exch def /cx exch def

	/sx x urx llx sub div def
	/sy y ury lly sub div def

	sx sy scale

	cx sx div llx sub
	cy sy div ury sub translate
	
	/DefFigCTM matrix currentmatrix def

	/initmatrix {
		DefFigCTM setmatrix
	} def
	/defaultmatrix {
		DefFigCTM exch copy
	} def

	/initgraphics {
		DocumentInitState setmiterlimit setgray setdash 
			setlinejoin setlinecap setlinewidth setmatrix
		DefFigCTM setmatrix
	} def

	/showpage {
		initgraphics
	} def

}bind  def
/clipFig {
	currentpoint 6 2 roll
	newpath 4 copy
	4 2 roll moveto
	6 -1 roll exch lineto
	exch lineto
	exch lineto
	closepath clip
	newpath
	moveto
}bind  def
/doclip { llx lly urx ury clipFig } def
/endFig {
	end SavedState restore
}bind  def
/globalstart {
	fontnum psize slant height resolution currentpoint 
	pagesave restore gsave 
}bind  def
/globalend {
	grestore moveto
	/resolution exch def /height exch def
	/slant exch def /psize exch def /fontnum exch def
	F
	/pagesave save def
}bind  def


/fontnum 1 def 
systemdict /setpacking known { savepacking setpacking} if
end
/BP{
save mark devps begin m0
/DocumentInitState [ matrix currentmatrix currentlinewidth currentlinecap
currentlinejoin currentdash currentgray currentmiterlimit ] cvx def
}bind def
/EP{
end cleartomark restore showpage}def

/Encoding-1 256 array def
0 1 255 {Encoding-1 exch /.notdef put} for
Encoding-1 8#301 StandardEncoding 8#101 26 getinterval putinterval %A-B
Encoding-1 8#341 StandardEncoding 8#141 26 getinterval putinterval %a-b
Encoding-1 8#241 StandardEncoding 8#301 16 getinterval putinterval %accents
Encoding-1 8#373 StandardEncoding 8#365 1 getinterval putinterval %dotlessi
Encoding-1
dup 8#41 /copyright put
dup 8#42 /registered put
dup 8#43 /trademark put
dup 8#44 /logicalnot put
dup 8#45 /Eth put
dup 8#46 /eth put
dup 8#47 /Thorn put
dup 8#50 /thorn put
dup 8#51 /brokenbar put
dup 8#52 /degree put
dup 8#53 /divide put
dup 8#54 /multiply put
dup 8#55 /minus put
dup 8#56 /onehalf put
dup 8#57 /onequarter put
dup 8#60 /threequarters put
dup 8#101 /Aacute put
dup 8#102 /Acircumflex put
dup 8#103 /Adieresis put
dup 8#104 /Agrave put
dup 8#105 /Aring put
dup 8#106 /Atilde put
dup 8#107 /Ccedilla put
dup 8#110 /Eacute put
dup 8#111 /Ecircumflex put
dup 8#112 /Edieresis put
dup 8#113 /Egrave put
dup 8#114 /Iacute put
dup 8#115 /Icircumflex put
dup 8#116 /Idieresis put
dup 8#117 /Igrave put
dup 8#120 /Ntilde put
dup 8#121 /Oacute put
dup 8#122 /Ocircumflex put
dup 8#123 /Odieresis put
dup 8#124 /Ograve put
dup 8#125 /Otilde put
dup 8#126 /Scaron put
dup 8#127 /Uacute put
dup 8#130 /Ucircumflex put
dup 8#131 /Udieresis put
dup 8#132 /Ugrave put
dup 8#133 /Ydieresis put
dup 8#134 /Zcaron put
dup 8#135 /aacute put
dup 8#136 /acircumflex put
dup 8#137 /adieresis put
dup 8#140 /agrave put
dup 8#141 /aring put
dup 8#142 /atilde put
dup 8#143 /ccedilla put
dup 8#144 /eacute put
dup 8#145 /ecircumflex put
dup 8#146 /edieresis put
dup 8#147 /egrave put
dup 8#150 /iacute put
dup 8#151 /icircumflex put
dup 8#152 /idieresis put
dup 8#153 /igrave put
dup 8#154 /ntilde put
dup 8#155 /oacute put
dup 8#156 /ocircumflex put
dup 8#157 /odieresis put
dup 8#160 /ograve put
dup 8#161 /otilde put
dup 8#162 /scaron put
dup 8#163 /uacute put
dup 8#164 /ucircumflex put
dup 8#165 /udieresis put
dup 8#166 /ugrave put
dup 8#167 /ydieresis put
dup 8#170 /zcaron put
pop

/Enc-dict 30 dict def
Enc-dict /tmpstr1 50 string put
Enc-dict /tmpstr2 50 string put
Enc-dict /tmpstr3 50 string dup (Encoding-) exch cvs pop put
/AEnc-def { % arguments: the original font's name, encoding nr
Enc-dict begin
tmpstr2 cvs /Enc-no exch def % Remember the number in a string
dup /OrigName exch def % remember the name
findfont dup maxlength dict /newdict exch def % get dictionary for new font
{ exch dup /FID ne
   { exch newdict 3 1 roll put }
   { pop pop } % Ignore FID
   ifelse
} forall
newdict begin
/Encoding
  tmpstr3 9 Enc-no putinterval tmpstr3 0 9 Enc-no length add getinterval
  cvn load
  def % Replace encoding
currentdict /UniqueID known
{ /UniqueID UniqueID Enc-no cvi 49999 mul add def } if % Derive New UniqueID
end % newdict
/FNlength OrigName tmpstr1 cvs length def % convert name, remember length
FNlength 1 add Enc-no length add string
dup 0 OrigName tmpstr1 cvs putinterval
dup FNlength (-) putinterval
dup FNlength 1 add Enc-no putinterval
dup 0 tmpstr1 0 FNlength getinterval putinterval % Add old name
cvn dup newdict /FontName 3 2 roll put newdict definefont
end % Enc-dict
} def
/Times-Roman 1 AEnc-def pop
/R-1{/Times-Roman-1 FF}def
/R{/Times-Roman FF}def
/B{/Times-Bold FF}def
/Times-Bold 1 AEnc-def pop
/B-1{/Times-Bold-1 FF}def
/I{/Times-Italic FF}def
%%EndProlog
%%Page: 1 1
BP
/slant 0 def
/height 0 def
480 V
10 R
720(USAGE)S
1065(\()S
1107(8)S
1165(\))S
2696(Eighth)S
(Edition)296 2989 A
4782(USAGE)S
5127(\()S
5169(8)S
5227(\))S
960 V
9 R
720(N)S
722(NA)S
790(AM)S
858(ME)S
940(E)S
1080 V
10 R
1080(usage)S
10 R-1
1334(-)S
10 R
(installing)374 1416 A
1815(and)S
1985(using)S
2227(Minix)S
1248 V
9 R
720(D)S
722(DE)S
790(ES)S
848(SC)S
900(CR)S
962(RI)S
1024(IP)S
1057(PT)S
1109(TI)S
1167(IO)S
1200(ON)S
1268(N)S
1368 V
10 R
1080(This)S
1294(manual)S
1625(page)S
1850(describes)S
2260(the)S
2418(installation)S
2900(and)S
3080(use)S
3249(of)S
3369(Minix)S
3650(from)S
3882(a)S
3963(System)S
4295(Administrators)S
4935(point)S
5177(of)S
1488 V
1080(view.)S
1365(It)S
1466(contains)S
1840(an)S
1974(installation)S
2460(guide,)S
2747(instructions)S
3255(on)S
3393(how)S
3604(to)S
3720(do)S
3858(the)S
(initial)235 4019 A
4292(con\256guration)S
4866(and)S
5049(some)S
1608 V
1080(other)S
1313(info.)S
1551(Please)S
1835(read)S
2035(this)S
2206(document)S
2628(entirely)S
2962(before)S
3246(attempting)S
3702(to)S
3807(install)S
4080(Minix.)S
4402(The)S
4586(installation)S
5060(steps)S
1728 V
1080(are)S
1243(in)S
1360(the)S
1522(proper)S
1824(order,)S
2101(but)S
2268(not)S
2435(all)S
2575(the)S
2737(information)S
(you)150 3251 A
3439(may)S
3650(need)S
3878(is)S
3983(presented)S
4407(at)S
4518(the)S
4679(right)S
4907(moment.)S
1848 V
1080(Other)S
1335(detailed)S
1679(information)S
2179(that)S
2355(may)S
2553(be)S
2673(useful)S
2944(can)S
3109(be)S
(found)234 3229 A
3488(in)S
10 B
3591(boot)S
10 R
3781(\(8\))S
3924(and)S
10 B
4094(hier)S
10 R
4268(\(7\).)S
2016 V
870(1)S
872(1.)S
924(.)S
976(R)S
978(RE)S
1047(EQ)S
1111(QU)S
1186(UI)S
1261(IR)S
1297(RE)S
1366(EM)S
1430(ME)S
1521(EN)S
1585(NT)S
1660(TS)S
1724(S)S
2136 V
1080(The)S
1264(minimum)S
1681(system)S
1987(Minix)S
2259(can)S
2426(be)S
2548(installed)S
2916(on)S
3043(comfortably)S
3562(is)S
3656(an)S
3778(IBM)S
3995(PC/AT)S
4308(or)S
4419(PS/2)S
4636(with)S
4842(a)S
[phone] A
5093(pro-)S
2256 V
1080(cessor,)S
1391(2)S
1475(Mb)S
1648(memory,)S
2042(a)S
[phone] A
2305(kb)S
2439(diskette)S
2786(drive,)S
3051(and)S
3229(30)S
3362(Mb)S
3534(free)S
(space)224 3725 A
3982(on)S
4115(an)S
4243(AT,)S
4436(ESDI,)S
4719(or)S
4836(SCSI)S
5082(hard)S
2376 V
1080(disk)S
1293(\(the)S
1496(latter)S
1750(controlled)S
2204(by)S
2350(an)S
2491(Adaptec)S
(1540.\))259 2873 A
3203(Minix)S
3494(for)S
3658(the)S
[phone] A
(\(Minix-386)463 4023 A
4532(for)S
4697(short\))S
4979(can)S
5166(be)S
2496 V
1080(installed)S
1446(on)S
1571(a)S
1641(machine)S
2007(with)S
2211(at)S
2309(least)S
2519(a)S
(386sx)239 2589 A
2853(processor)S
3264(and)S
3434(3)S
3509(Mb)S
3673(memory.)S
2664 V
870(2)S
872(2.)S
924(.)S
976(M)S
978(MI)S
1069(IN)S
1105(NI)S
1180(IX)S
1216(X)S
1316(I)S
1318(IN)S
1354(NS)S
1429(ST)S
1487(TA)S
1551(AL)S
1626(LL)S
1690(LA)S
1754(AT)S
1829(TI)S
1893(IO)S
1929(ON)S
2004(N)S
2104(B)S
2106(BA)S
2175(AC)S
2250(CK)S
2319(KG)S
2394(GR)S
2469(RO)S
2538(OU)S
2613(UN)S
2688(ND)S
2763(D)S
2784 V
1080(The)S
1272(objective)S
1676(of)S
1795(the)S
1953(installation)S
2435(is)S
2537(to)S
2650(create)S
2927(a)S
(partition)341 3007 A
3383(on)S
(your)184 3519 A
3739(disk)S
3942(and)S
4123(to)S
4237(put)S
4401(Minix)S
4682(into)S
4874(it.)S
5016(Minix)S
2904 V
1080(really)S
1342(requires)S
1699(two)S
(partitions)380 1882 A
2294(however,)S
2697(so)S
2817(the)S
2971(single)S
3242("primary")S
(partition)341 3674 A
4046(is)S
(split)173 4144 A
4348(into)S
4535(two)S
(subpartitions.)544 4717 A
3024 V
1080(The)S
10 B
1264(a)S
10 R
(subpartition)480 1341 A
(will)157 1848 A
2032(contain)S
2355(the)S
2505(root)S
2694(\256le)S
2850(system,)S
3181(and)S
3354(the)S
10 B
3505(c)S
10 R
(subpartition)480 3578 A
(will)157 4086 A
4271(contain)S
4595(the)S
10 B
4746(/usr)S
10 R
4942(\256le)S
5099(sys-)S
3144 V
1080(tem.)S
1310(What)S
1556(MS-DOS)S
1965(calls)S
2178("drives",)S
2559(i.e)S
2685(C:,)S
2833(D:,)S
2987(E:,)S
3130(Minix)S
3403(calls)S
3616("\256le)S
3814(systems".)S
4251(Minix)S
4524(does)S
4736(not)S
4892(use)S
5054(drive)S
3264 V
1080(letters,)S
1380(but)S
1536(requires)S
1889(that)S
2068(one)S
2241(\256le)S
2398(system)S
2705(is)S
2800(made)S
3046(a)S
3119(part)S
3304(of)S
3416(another)S
3746(\256le)S
3903(system)S
4211(by)S
("mounting")466 4340 A
4835(one)S
5009(on)S
5138(the)S
3384 V
1080(other.)S
1363(The)S
1546("root")S
1816(\256le)S
1971(system)S
2276(is)S
2369(always)S
2675(present)S
2992(and)S
3163(starts)S
3402(with)S
3607(the)S
3756(directory)S
4145("/",)S
4305(the)S
4453(root)S
4640(of)S
4749(the)S
4897(directory)S
3504 V
1080(tree.)S
1311(The)S
1497(root)S
1688(\256le)S
1847(system)S
2156(contains)S
2521(a)S
2596(few)S
2778(programs)S
3188(in)S
10 B
3296(/bin)S
10 R
3464(,)S
3519(device)S
3812(\256les)S
4010(in)S
10 B
4118(/dev)S
10 R
4297(,)S
4352(and)S
4527(con\256guration)S
5093(\256les)S
3624 V
1080(in)S
10 B
1199(/etc)S
10 R
1351(.)S
1442(This)S
1662(is)S
1769(just)S
(enough)295 1954 A
2289(to)S
2407(get)S
2570(the)S
2733(system)S
3052(started.)S
3411(Minix)S
(will)157 3696 A
(soon)189 3893 A
4122(extend)S
4430(its)S
4565(directory)S
4969(tree)S
5161(by)S
3744 V
(mounting)384 1080 A
1490(a)S
1561(\256le)S
1716(system)S
2021(on)S
2147(the)S
10 B
2296(/usr)S
10 R
2490(directory.)S
2930(What)S
3174(is)S
3267(henceforth)S
(known)273 3725 A
4025(as)S
4136(the)S
4286(/usr)S
4464(\256le)S
4620(system)S
4926(contains)S
3864 V
1080(all)S
1212(Minix)S
1488(programs)S
1899(in)S
10 B
2008(/usr/bin)S
10 R
2344(,)S
2400(\256le)S
2560(system)S
2870(sources)S
3203(in)S
10 B
3312(/usr/src)S
10 R
3637(,)S
3693(etc,)S
3867(etc.)S
4065(The)S
8 R
4247(ROOT)S
10 R
4497(image)S
4773(contains)S
5138(the)S
3984 V
1080(complete)S
1481(Minix)S
1758(root)S
1952(\256le)S
2113(system,)S
2449(but)S
8 R
2604(USR)S
10 R
2793(contains)S
3160(just)S
3337(a)S
3414(small)S
3664(subset)S
3948(of)S
4065(the)S
4221(/usr)S
4405(\256le)S
4567(system,)S
4904(with)S
5116(just)S
4104 V
(enough)295 1080 A
(utilities)302 1401 A
1729(to)S
1833(install)S
2105(Minix.)S
2426(The)S
2609(complete)S
3004(/usr)S
3181(\256le)S
3336(system)S
3641(is)S
(split)173 3734 A
3933(up)S
4059(into)S
4241(the)S
8 R
4385(USR.TAZ)S
10 R
4720(,)S
8 R
4765(SYS.TAZ)S
10 R
5116(and)S
4224 V
8 R
1080(CMD.TAZ)S
10 R
1466(archives)S
1827(that)S
2003(are)S
2152(installed)S
2518(later)S
2723(to)S
2826(\256ll)S
2963(/usr.)S
4392 V
1080(Let's)S
(suppose)323 1321 A
(your)184 1677 A
1894(\256rst)S
2084(hard)S
2296(disk,)S
2521(which)S
2800(has)S
2967(device)S
3264(name)S
10 B
3516(/dev/hd0)S
10 R
3885(,)S
3944(has)S
4112(MS-DOS)S
4527(already)S
4858(present)S
5183(in)S
4512 V
1080(the)S
1239(\256rst)S
1432(primary)S
(partition)341 1787 A
2164(\()S
10 B
2198(/dev/hd1)S
10 R
2567(\),)S
2662(and)S
2843(some)S
3091(free)S
(space)224 3285 A
3545(left)S
3716(after)S
3938(that.)S
4175(After)S
4425(Minix)S
4705(is)S
4807(installed)S
5183(in)S
4632 V
1080(that)S
1256(free)S
(space)224 1439 A
1688(the)S
1836(disk)S
(will)157 2028 A
(look)178 2210 A
2413(like)S
2589(this:)S
4800 V
(/dev/hd0)351 1280 A
1880(Whole)S
2173(hard)S
2377(disk)S
2569(#0)S
4920 V
(/dev/hd1)351 1380 A
1980(MS-DOS)S
2386(C:)S
2506(drive)S
5040 V
(/dev/hd2)351 1380 A
1980(Minix)S
2250(primary)S
(partition)341 2594 A
5160 V
(/dev/hd2a)396 1480 A
2080(Minix)S
2350(root)S
(partition)341 2537 A
5280 V
(/dev/hd2c)396 1480 A
2080(Minix)S
2350(/usr)S
(partition)341 2526 A
5448 V
(/dev/hd0)351 1080 A
1459(is)S
1554(the)S
1705(sum)S
1900(of)S
2012(a)S
(partition)341 2085 A
2454(table,)S
(/dev/hd1)351 2703 A
3082(and)S
(/dev/hd2.)376 3255 A
3684(Likewise)S
4082(is)S
(/dev/hd2)351 4177 A
4556(the)S
4707(sum)S
4902(of)S
5014(a)S
5088(sub-)S
5568 V
(partition)341 1080 A
1469(table,)S
(/dev/hd2a)396 1738 A
2182(and)S
(/dev/hd2c.)421 2375 A
2869(Read)S
3123(the)S
3293("DEVICES")S
3849(sections)S
4220(for)S
4385(more)S
4639(information)S
5161(on)S
5688 V
1080(Minix)S
1350(devices.)S
5856 V
870(3)S
872(3.)S
924(.)S
976(I)S
978(IN)S
1014(NS)S
1089(ST)S
1147(TA)S
1211(AL)S
1286(LL)S
1350(LA)S
1414(AT)S
1489(TI)S
1553(IO)S
1589(ON)S
1664(N)S
5976 V
1080(You)S
1280(can)S
1447(install)S
1720(Minix)S
1992(automatically)S
2567(or)S
2678(manually)S
3080(as)S
3192(described)S
3606(the)S
3757(sections)S
4109(below.)S
4433(The)S
4618(end)S
4791(result)S
5043(is)S
5138(the)S
6096 V
1080(same,)S
1343(but)S
1502(manual)S
1829(installation)S
2307(allows)S
2601(one)S
2777(to)S
2886(deviate)S
3207(from)S
3433(the)S
3586(precon\256gured)S
4175(choices.)S
4557(You)S
4760(may)S
4963(wish)S
5183(to)S
6216 V
1080(read)S
1284(the)S
1437(manual)S
1763(pages)S
2022(of)S
2136(the)S
2289(programs)S
2699(used)S
2913(below)S
3189(before)S
(you)150 3477 A
3657(start.)S
3911(You)S
4114(may)S
4317(especially)S
4751(want)S
4978(to)S
5087(read)S
6336 V
10 B
1080(boot)S
10 R
1270(\(8\))S
1421(if)S
(your)184 1516 A
1733(machine)S
2107(is)S
2207(different)S
2588(from)S
2816(what)S
3044(the)S
3199(majority)S
(buys,)214 3572 A
(because)319 3818 A
(you)150 4169 A
4351(may)S
4556(need)S
4778(to)S
4888(set)S
5032(a)S
5109(few)S
6456 V
(boot)178 1080 A
1289(parameters)S
1763(to)S
1872(con\256gure)S
2283(drivers.)S
2644(To)S
2787(do)S
2919(this)S
3096(type)S
10 B
3301(ESC)S
10 R
3529(to)S
3639(get)S
3794(to)S
3904(the)S
4059(Boot)S
4286(Monitor)S
4647(prompt,)S
4994(set)S
5138(the)S
6576 V
1080(appropriate)S
1564(variables,)S
1978(use)S
10 B
2137(save)S
10 R
2346(to)S
2449(store)S
2670(the)S
(settings)307 2818 A
3150(and)S
10 B
3320(menu)S
10 R
3586(to)S
3689(continue)S
4060(where)S
(you)150 4332 A
4507(left)S
4667(off.)S
6744 V
1080(To)S