elle.9

操作系统设计与实现源码

.CD "elle \(en ELLE Looks Like Emacs"
.SX "elle \fIfile\fR [\fIfile2\fR]"
.FL "\fR(none)"
.EY "elle file.c" "Start the editor"
.PP
\fIELLE\fR (ELLE Looks Like Emacs) is an Emacs clone for 
.MX .  
ELLE is not full Emacs but it has about 80 commands and is quite fast.
.SP 0.5
.SS "Key bindings"
.SP 0.5
.PP
\fIMined\fR only has a small number of commands.  All of them are either of
the form CTRL-x or are on the numeric keypad.  Emacs, in contrast, has so
many commands, that not only are all the CTRL-x commands used up, but so
are all the ESC x (escape followed by x; escape is not a shift character,
like CTRL).  Even this is not enough, so CTRL-X is used as a prefix for
additional commands.  Thus CTRL-X CTRL-L is a command, and so is CTRL-X K.
Note that what is conventionally written as CTRL-X K really means CTRL-X k.
In some contexts it is traditional to write CTRL-X as ^X.
Please note that they mean the same thing.
.PP
As a result, many Emacs commands need three or four key strokes to 
execute.  Some people think 3-4 key strokes is too many.
For this reason, Emacs and ELLE allow users to assign their own key bindings.
In ELLE this is done with \*(OQuser profiles.\*(CQ  A user profile is a file listing
which function is invoked by which key stroke.  The user profile is then
compiled by a program called ellec into binary form.  When ELLE starts up
it checks to see if a file .ellepro.b1 exists in $HOME.  If it does, this
file is read in and overrides the default bindings.  
.PP
A user profile that simulates the \fImined\fR commands fairly
well is provided.  
Its installation is described later.  If you have never used Emacs, 
it is suggested that you use the \fImined\fR profile.  
If you normally use Emacs, then
do not install the \fImined\fR profile.  You can also make your own using
\fIellec\fR.
There is no Mock Lisp.
.PP
ELLE has a character-oriented view of the world, not a line oriented
view, like \fIed\fR.  
It does not have magic characters for searching.
However, you can use line feed in search patterns.  
For example, to find a line consisting of the three characters
\*(OQfoo\*(CQ all by themselves on a line, using the mined
bindings (see below), use the pattern: CTRL-\\ CTRL-J f o o CTRL-\\ CTRL-J.
The CTRL-\ means to interpret the next character literally, in this case it
is CTRL-J, which is line feed.  You can also search for patterns involving 
multiple lines.  For example, to find a line ending in an \*(OQx\*(CQ followed by a
line beginning with a \*(OQy\*(CQ, use as pattern: x CTRL-\ CTRL-J y.
.SS "Mined Key Bindings"
.PP
These are the key bindings if the binary user profile, \fI.ellepro.b1\fR,
is installed in $HOME.  The ESCAPE key followed by a number followed by a
command causes that command to be executed \*(OQnumber\*(CQ times.  This applies
both to control characters and insertable characters.  CTRL-X refers to a
\*(OQcontrol character.\*(CQ  ESC x refers to an escape character 
followed by x.
In other words, ^X is a synonym for CTRL-X.
^X Y refers to CTRL-X followed by y.  To abort the current command and go
back to the main loop of the editor, type CTRL-G, rather than CTRL-\\.
.PP
Only a few commands are of the form CTRL-X Y.  All of these are also
bound to CTRL-X CTRL-Y, so you can hold down CTRL and then hit X Y, or
release control after the X, as you prefer.
.PP
The key bindings that are not listed should not be used.
Some of them actually do things.
For example, the ANSI escape codes ESC [ x are bound 
to ^X Y for a variety of y.
.PP
Some commands work on regions.
A region is defined as the text between the most recently set mark 
and the cursor.
.SP 0.5
.SS "Mined Commands"
.SP 0.5
.PP
If the \fImined\fR profile,
.I .ellepro.b1 
is installed in your home directory, the following commands will work.
.sp
.in +1.75i
.ta +1.25i
.ti -1.5i
\fBCURSOR MOTION\fR
.ti -1.25i
arrows	Move the cursor in the indicated direction
.ti -1.25i
CTRL-A	Move cursor to start of current line
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CTRL-Z	Move cursor to end of current line
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CTRL-F	Move cursor forward word 
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CTRL-B	Move cursor backward to start of previous word 
.sp
.ti -1.5i
\fBSCREEN MOTION\fR
.ti -1.25i
Home key	Move to first character of the file
.ti -1.25i
End key	Move to last character of the file
.ti -1.25i
PgUp key	Scroll window up 22 lines (closer to start of the file)
.ti -1.25i
PgDn key	Scroll window down 22 lines (closer to end of the file)
.ti -1.25i
CTRL-U	Scroll window up 1 line
.ti -1.25i
CTRL-D	Scroll window down 1 line
.ti -1.25i
ESC ,	Move to top of screen
.ti -1.25i
CTRL-_	Move to bottom of screen
.sp
.ti -1.5i
\fBMODIFYING TEXT\fR
.ti -1.25i
DEL key	Delete the character under the cursor
.ti -1.25i
Backsp	Delete the character to left of the cursor
.ti -1.25i
CTRL-N	Delete the next word
.ti -1.25i
CTRL-P	Delete the previous word
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CTRL-T	Delete tail of line (all characters from cursor to end of line)
.ti -1.25i
CTRL-O	Open up the line (insert line feed and back up)
.ti -1.25i
ESC G	Get and insert a file at the cursor position (CTRL-G in mined)
.sp
.ti -1.5i
\fBREGIONS\fR
.ti -1.25i
CTRL-^	Set mark at current position for use with CTRL-C and CTRL-K
.ti -1.25i
CTRL-C	Copy the text between the mark and the cursor into the buffer
.ti -1.25i
CTRL-K	Delete text between mark and cursor; also copy it to the buffer
.ti -1.25i
CTRL-Y	Yank contents of the buffer out and insert it at the cursor
.sp
.ti -1.5i
\fBMISCELLANEOUS\fR
.ti -1.25i
numeric +	Search forward (prompts for expression)
.ti -1.25i
numeric \(mi	Search backward (prompts for expression)
.ti -1.25i
CTRL-]	ESC n CTRL-[ goes to line n (slightly different syntax than mined)
.ti -1.25i
CTRL-R	Global replace pattern with string (from cursor to end)
.ti -1.25i
CTRL-L	Replace pattern with string within the current line only
.ti -1.25i
CTRL-W	Write the edited file back to the disk
.ti -1.25i
CTRL-S	Fork off a shell (use CTRL-D to get back to the editor)
.ti -1.25i
CTRL-G	Abort whatever the editor was doing and wait for command (CTRL-\)
.ti -1.25i
CTRL-E	Redraw screen with cursor line positioned in the middle
.ti -1.25i
CTRL-V	Visit (edit) a new file
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CTRL-Q	Write buffer to a file
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ESC X	Exit the editor
.SP 0.5
.in -1.75i
.SS "Non-Mined Commands"
.LP
.SP 0.5
.in +1.75i
.ta +1.25i
.ti -1.5i
\fBCURSOR MOTION\fR
.ti -1.25i
ESC P	Forward paragraph (a paragraph is a line beginning with a dot)
.ti -1.25i
ESC ]	Backward paragraph
.ti -1.25i
ESC .	Indent this line as much as the previous one
.sp
.ti -1.5i
\fBMODIFYING TEXT\fR
.ti -1.25i
CTRL-\\	Insert the next character (used for inserting control characters)
.ti -1.25i
ESC T	Transpose characters
.ti -1.25i
ESC W	Transpose words
.ti -1.25i
ESC =	Delete white space (horizontal space)
.ti -1.25i
ESC |	Delete blank lines (vertical space)
.sp
.ti -1.5i
\fBREGIONS\fR
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ESC M	Mark current paragraph
.ti -1.25i
ESC ^	Exchange cursor and mark
.ti -1.25i
ESC Y	Yank back the next-to-the-last kill (CTRL-Y yanks the last one)
.ti -1.25i
ESC A	Append next kill to kill buffer
.sp
.ti -1.5i
\fBKEYBOARD MACROS\fR
.ti -1.25i
ESC /	Start Keyboard Macro
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ESC \\	End Keyboard Macro
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ESC *	View Keyboard Macro (the PrtSc key on the numeric pad is also a *)
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ESC E	Execute Keyboard Macro
.sp
.ti -1.5i
\fBWINDOW MANAGEMENT\fR
.ti -1.25i
^X 1	Enter one window mode
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^X 2	Enter two window mode
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^X L	Make the current window larger
.ti -1.25i
^X P	Make the window more petit/petite (Yes, Virginia, they are English)
.ti -1.25i
^X N	Next window
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^X W	New window
.sp
.ti -1.5i
\fBBUFFER MANAGEMENT\fR
.ti -1.25i
numeric 5	Display the list of current files and buffers
.ti -1.25i
ESC B	Select a buffer
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ESC S	Select an existing buffer
.ti -1.25i
ESC N	Mark a buffer as NOT modified (even if it really is)
.sp
.ti -1.5i
\fBUPPER AND LOW CASE MANIPULATION\fR
.ti -1.25i
ESC I	Set first character of word to upper case
.ti -1.25i
ESC C	Capitalize current word
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ESC O	Make current word ordinary (i.e., lower case)
.ti -1.25i
ESC U	Set entire region between mark and cursor to upper case
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ESC L	Set entire region between mark and cursor to lower case
.sp
.ti -1.5i
\fBMISCELLANEOUS\fR
.ti -1.25i
ESC F	Find file and read it into its own buffer
.ti -1.25i
ESC Z	Incremental search
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ESC Q	Like CTRL-R, but queries at each occurrence (type ? for options)
.ti -1.25i
ESC R	Reset the user profile from a file
.ti -1.25i
ESC H	Help (ELLE prompts for the 1 or 2 character command to describe)
.ti -1.25i
ESC ;	Insert a comment in a C program (generates /* */ for you)
.ti -1.25i
^X X	Exit the editor (same as ESC X and CTRL-X CTRL-X)
.in -1.75i