📄 s05.htm
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lang=EN-US
style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: Symbol; mso-ascii-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-hansi-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: Symbol">t</SPAN><SPAN
lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt">o</SPAN><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">为脉冲的宽度，</SPAN><SPAN
lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt">To</SPAN><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">为脉冲的重复周期。设</SPAN><SPAN
lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt">To </SPAN><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">＝</SPAN><SPAN
lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt">5</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US
style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: Symbol; mso-ascii-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-hansi-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: Symbol">t</SPAN><SPAN
lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt">o</SPAN><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">，从图中可以看出</SPAN><SPAN
lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt">f(t)</SPAN><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">的</SPAN><SPAN
lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt">An(f)</SPAN><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">分布为一系列离散谱线，由基频</SPAN><SPAN
lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt">fo</SPAN><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">及其高次谐波组成。随着谐波频率的升高、幅度逐渐衰减。对于棱角分明的波形，在理论上包含有无限多的频谱成分。不难证明，时间有限的波形，在频谱无限的；相反，频谱有限的信号，在时间上也是无限的。</SPAN><SPAN
lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt"><O:P> </O:P></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal
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style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">但一般来说，信号的能量主要集中在频谱的主瓣内，即频率从</SPAN><SPAN
lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt">0</SPAN><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">开始到频谱经过第一个</SPAN><SPAN
lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt">0</SPAN><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">点的频率为止的宽度内，称为信号的频带宽度，以</SPAN><SPAN
lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt">Bf</SPAN><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">表示。从数学分析可知，信号谱线间隔决定于脉冲序列的重复周期，即</SPAN><SPAN
lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt">fo</SPAN><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">＝</SPAN><SPAN
lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt">1/To</SPAN><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">。而信号频带宽度取决于脉冲的宽度，即</SPAN><SPAN
lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt">Bo</SPAN><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">＝</SPAN><SPAN
lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt">1/</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US
style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: Symbol; mso-ascii-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-hansi-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: Symbol">t</SPAN><SPAN
lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt">o</SPAN><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">。</SPAN><SPAN
lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt"><O:P> </O:P></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal
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style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">在图</SPAN><SPAN
lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt">5</SPAN><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">－</SPAN><SPAN
lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt">2(b)</SPAN><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">中，</SPAN><SPAN
lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt"><O:P> </O:P></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal
style="MARGIN-LEFT: 45pt; TEXT-INDENT: -21pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo3; tab-stops: list 45.0pt"><SPAN
lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: Wingdings">l<SPAN
style="FONT: 7pt 'Times New Roman'">
</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">如果脉冲重复周期增加一倍，基频降低一半，谱线间隔也减少一半，谱线密度增加一倍，此时</SPAN><SPAN
lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt">Bfo</SPAN><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">不变。</SPAN><SPAN
lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt"><O:P> </O:P></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal
style="MARGIN-LEFT: 45pt; TEXT-INDENT: -21pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo3; tab-stops: list 45.0pt"><SPAN
lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: Wingdings">l<SPAN
style="FONT: 7pt 'Times New Roman'">
</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">如果脉冲重复周期不变，而脉冲宽度减少一半</SPAN><SPAN
lang=EN-US
style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: Symbol; mso-ascii-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-hansi-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: Symbol">t</SPAN><SPAN
lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt">1</SPAN><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">＝</SPAN><SPAN
lang=EN-US
style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: Symbol; mso-ascii-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-hansi-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: Symbol">t</SPAN><SPAN
lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt">0/2</SPAN><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">，则从图</SPAN><SPAN
lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt">5</SPAN><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">－</SPAN><SPAN
lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt">2(c)<O:P> </O:P></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal
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style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">可以看出，谱线间隔不变，但信号的频带宽度</SPAN><SPAN
lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt">Bf1</SPAN><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">增加一倍。此外，从图中还可以看出，无论是脉冲重复周期的增加，还是脉冲宽度的减少，频谱函数的幅度都降低了。</SPAN><SPAN
lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt"><O:P> </O:P></SPAN></P>
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style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">从上面的讨论中可以得出两个重要的结论：</SPAN><SPAN
lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt"><O:P> </O:P></SPAN></P>
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style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"><B><FONT
color=#ff6600>一是</FONT></B>为了扩展信号的频谱，可以采用窄的脉冲序列去进行调制某一载波，得到一个很宽的双边带的直扩信号。采用的脉冲越窄，扩展的频谱越宽。</SPAN><SPAN
lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt"><O:P> </O:P></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal
style="TEXT-INDENT: 24pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-char-indent-size: 12.0pt"><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">如果脉冲的重复周期为脉冲宽度的</SPAN><SPAN
lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt">2</SPAN><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">倍，即</SPAN><SPAN
lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt">T</SPAN><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">＝</SPAN><SPAN
lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt">2</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US
style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: Symbol; mso-ascii-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-hansi-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: Symbol">t</SPAN><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">，则脉冲宽度变窄对应于码重复频率的提高，即采用高码率的脉冲序列。</SPAN><SPAN
lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt"><O:P> </O:P></SPAN></P>
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style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">直扩系统正是应有了这一原理，直接用重复频率很高的窄脉冲序列来展宽信号的频谱。</SPAN><SPAN
lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt"><O:P> </O:P></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%"><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">
<B><FONT
color=#ff6600>二是</FONT></B>如果信号的总能量不变，则频谱的展宽，使各频谱成分的幅度下降，换句话说，信号的功率谱密度降低。这就是为什么可以用扩频信号进行隐蔽通信，及扩频信号具有低的被截获概率的原故。</SPAN></P></TD>
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