s05.htm

扩频通信讲座

            lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt">5</SPAN><SPAN 
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            lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt">1(b)</SPAN><SPAN 
            style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">中收端波形可以看出，再一次的相移键控正好把扩频信号恢复成相移键控前的原始信号。从频谱上看则表现为宽带信号被解扩压缩还原成窄带信号。这一窄带信号经中频窄带滤波器后至信息解调器再恢复成原始信息。但是对于进入接收机的变窄带干扰信号，在收端调制器中同样也受到伪随机码的双相相移键控调制，它反而使窄带干扰变成宽度干扰信号。由于干扰信号频谱的扩展，经过中频窄带通滤波作用，只允许通带内的干扰通过，使干扰功率大为减少。由此可见，接收机输入端的信号与噪声经过解扩处理，使信号功率集中起来通过滤波器，同时使干扰功率扩散后被滤波器大量滤除，结果便大大提高了输出端的信号噪声功率比。</SPAN><SPAN 
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            style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">这一过程说明了直扩系统的基本原理和它是怎样通过对信号进行扩频与解扩处理从而获得提高输出信噪比的好处的。它体现了直扩系统的抗干扰能力。</SPAN><SPAN 
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            style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">综上所述，直扩系统的特点是：</SPAN><SPAN 
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            style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">频谱的扩展是直接由高码率的扩频码序列进行调制而得到的。</SPAN><SPAN 
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            style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">扩频码序列多采用伪随机码，也称为伪噪声</SPAN><SPAN 
            lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt">(PN)</SPAN><SPAN 
            style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">码序列。</SPAN><SPAN 
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            style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">扩频调制方式多采用</SPAN><SPAN 
            lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt">BPSK</SPAN><SPAN 
            style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">或</SPAN><SPAN 
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            style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">等幅调制。扩频和解扩的调制解调器多采用平衡调制器，制作简单又能抑制载被。</SPAN><SPAN 
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            style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">模拟信息调制多采用频率调制</SPAN><SPAN 
            lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt">(FM)</SPAN><SPAN 
            style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">，而数字信息调制多采用脉冲编码调制</SPAN><SPAN 
            lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt">(PCM)</SPAN><SPAN 
            style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">或增量调制</SPAN><SPAN 
            lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt">(</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US 
            style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: Symbol; mso-ascii-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-hansi-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: Symbol">D</SPAN><SPAN 
            lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt">M)</SPAN><SPAN 
            style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">。</SPAN><SPAN 
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            style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">接收端多采用产生本地伪随机码序列对接收信号进行相关解扩，或采用匹配滤波器来解扩信号。</SPAN><SPAN 
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            style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">扩频和解扩的伪随机码序列应有严格的同步，码的搜捕和跟踪多采用匹配滤波器或利用伪随机码的优良的相关特性在延迟锁定环中实现。</SPAN><SPAN 
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            style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">一般需要用窄带通滤波器来排除干扰，以实现其抗干扰能力的提高。</SPAN><SPAN 
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            <P class=MsoNormal style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%"><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT 
            color=#000080 size=3>5.1.2<SPAN 
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            直</SPAN><SPAN 
            style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-hansi-font-family: Times New Roman">扩信号的波形与频谱</SPAN><SPAN 
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            style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">任何周期性的时间波形都可以看成是许多不同幅度、频率和相位的正弦波之和。这些不同的频率成分，在频谱上占有一定的频带宽度。单一频率的正弦波，在频谱上只有一条谱线，而周期性的矩形脉冲序列，则有许多谱线。任何周期性的时间波形，可以用富氏级数展开的数学方法求出它的频谱分布图。</SPAN><SPAN 
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            style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">现在以矩形脉冲序列为例来说明其间的关系。图</SPAN><SPAN 
            lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt">5</SPAN><SPAN 
            style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">－</SPAN><SPAN 
            lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt">2(a)</SPAN><SPAN 
            style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">中为一周期性矩形脉冲序列</SPAN><SPAN 
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            style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">的波形及其频谱函数</SPAN><SPAN 
            lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt">An(f)</SPAN><SPAN 
            style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">。</SPAN></P>
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            lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt">2 (a),<SPAN 
            style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp; </SPAN>(b),<SPAN 
            style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp; </SPAN>(c)<O:P> </O:P></SPAN></P>
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            lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt">E</SPAN><SPAN 
            style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">为脉冲的幅度，</SPAN><SPAN