s06-03.htm

扩频通信讲座

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            style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">衡量同步系统性能的优劣，主要应考虑两个方面：</SPAN><SPAN 
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            style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">一是跳频系统同步的可靠性</SPAN><SPAN 
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            style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">二是同步系统的抗干扰性。</SPAN><SPAN 
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            style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">同步系统的可靠性。它包括系统同步的建立时间，正确同步概率和假同步的概率，系统同步保持时间等项指标。</SPAN><SPAN 
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            style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">一般说来，跳频同步系统的同步建立时间越短越好，同步保持时间越长越好；正确同步的概率要大，假同步的概率要小。这样才能称为一个快速、稳定而可靠的同步系统。</SPAN><SPAN 
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            style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">同步系统的抗干扰性。它包括抗人为干扰和噪声干扰。采用跳频技术的一个目的就是提高系统的抗干扰性，特别是在电子战的环境中，主要是抗敌方有意的</SPAN><SPAN 
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            style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">干扰。因此，要求同步信息的传递要隐蔽、快速。为此，需考虑如下几点：</SPAN><SPAN 
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            尽量使同步信号在空中存在的时间要短，使敌方难以在很短的时间内发现同步信号。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US 
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            style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">在多个跳变频道上传送同步信息，增大频道的随机性，使敌方难以侦察；增大跳频带宽，使敌方难以在宽带内施放干扰。</SPAN><SPAN 
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            style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">频率跳变的速率要快，使跳频信号的驻留时间变短，可防止跟踪式干扰，从而保护同步字头。</SPAN><SPAN 
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            style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">应尽量使同步信息的信号特征与通信信息的信号特征一致，以致敌方难以区分同步信息。或者，人为地发出伪同步信息以迷惑敌人，从而提高对同步信息</SPAN><SPAN 
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            style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">的保护能力。</SPAN><SPAN 
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            style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">对于噪声干扰，要求在低信噪比或高误码率的信道条件下能实现跳频系统的正确同步。对此，需考虑以下各点：</SPAN><SPAN 
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            style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">同步信息本身的差错控制，如纠错编码、多次重发、相关编码、交织等；</SPAN><SPAN 
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            style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">同步认定的算法控制，即经过多次同步检测后才认定系统同步的策赂，并选择最佳的检测次数。</SPAN><SPAN 
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            <SPAN 
            style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">同步状态下的失步算法控制，即经过多次失步检测后才确定系统已失去同步的策略，并选择最佳的检测次数。</SPAN> 
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