📄 xfree86_howto.htm
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From: geyer@polyhymnia.iwr.uni-heidelberg.de (Helmut Geyer)
Newsgroups: comp.os.linux.announce,comp.os.linux.help,comp.os.linux.admin,comp.windows.x.i386unix,comp.answers,news.answers
Subject: The Linux XFree86 HOWTO
Followup-To: poster
Date: 25 Jan 1994 04:24:56 GMT
Organization: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
Lines: 768
Approved: linux-announce@tc.cornell.edu (Matt Welsh)
Message-ID: <2i26uo$gmu@bigblue.oit.unc.edu>
NNTP-Posting-Host: sunsite.unc.edu
Summary: HOWTO on installation of XFree86 for Linux
Keywords: Linux, XWindows, XFree86
Originator: mdw@sunSITE
Xref: cs.tu-berlin.de comp.os.linux.announce:1735 comp.os.linux.help:18605 comp.os.linux.admin:3777 comp.windows.x.i386unix:7285 comp.answers:3549 news.answers:17254
Archive-name: linux/howto/xfree86
Last-modified: 18 January 1994
$Id: XFree86-HOWTO,v 1.4 1994/01/18 00:00:00 geyer Rel geyer$
Comments or suggestions on this HOWTO are very welcome, i.e. if you feel that
something is missing or something is obsolete or wrong, please let me know.
The Linux XFree86 HOWTO, version 1.4
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
by Helmut Geyer (geyer@kalliope.iwr.uni-heidelberg.de)
with help from Dirk Hohndel (hohndel@informatik.uni-wuerzburg.de)
and David E. Wexelblat (dwex@aib.com)
This document describes how to obtain, install and configure XFree86-2.0 for
Linux systems. XFree86 is an enhanced version of the X Window System,
version 11 release 5, with support for many versions of UNIX running on
Intel i386/486 platforms, including Linux. It support a great amount of
video hardware for these systems and includes many bugfixes beyond the MIT
standard release of X.
This document is intended to help Linux users install and configure XFree86
v2.0, which was released on 31 October 1993. It is furthermore intended to
answer some basic questions about X and programs using X.
Please read this file and the referenced documentation files BEFORE
installing and starting XFree86. IF YOU ARE NOT CAREFUL, YOU MIGHT DAMAGE
YOUR HARDWARE.
This file comes WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY OF FITNESS. If you damage anything
following these informations, you are on your own. For a complete
description of the features and the installation please look at the
documentation files and manuals that come with XFree86 (residing in
/usr/X386/lib/X11/etc and its subdirs as well as in /usr/X386/man). The
most important files will be pointed out to you in this HOWTO. Note that
this HOWTO gives not complete information on setting up XFree86, but that
you have to get the documentation files for XFree86 (from the file
xf86-doc-2.0.tar.gz).
Other man pages from the stock X11R5 distribution can be found in
xf86-man-2.0.tar.gz. These manfiles come as sources for the nroff program.
To read them you will need a working man program as well as the groff
package for formatting them. Note that it is often required to read
manpages, so you should install the groff package anyway. (I think it is no
good idea that in many distributions this package is considered optional).
New versions of this document will be posted to comp.os.linux.announce, as
well as archived on sunsite.unc.edu:/pub/Linux/HOWTO.
Contents:
0. Introduction - What are X11R5 and XFree86?
1. Supported Hardware
2. Where do I get XFree86 and what do I need to run it?
3. Configuring XFree86
4. tinyX - a package for systems with low memory
5. X related packages
6. Compiling programs that use X
7. Programming in X
8. Finding Information on X on the net
Appendix: Some Questions & Answers
0. Introduction - What are X11R5 and XFree86?
X11R5 is a windowing system for UN*X like operating systems. The X
Windowing System is issued by the MIT Consortium (look at the X(1)
manpage for more information) and is put under a very liberal copyright,
that allows any use of source code provided that the original copyright
notices are included.
As X is THE standard windowing system for UN*X operating systems, there
are a lot of applications using it (both free and commercial).
XFree86 is a port of X11R5 that supports several versions of Intel-based
Unix and Unix-like operating systems. The XFree86 servers are partly
derived from X386 1.2, which was the X server distributed with X11R5,
but many of them are newly developed. The accelerated servers that are
the most important change since XFree86-1.3 are completely new. This
release consists of many new features and performance improvements as
well as many bug fixes. The release is available as source patches
against the MIT X11R5 code, as well as binary distributions for many
architectures.
Note that while the source and installation trees retain the name 'X386'
name (for simplicity of maintenance of the source tree), there is no
connection between XFree86 and the commercial X386 product sold by SGCS.
The XFree86 Core Team maintains technical contacts with SGCS in an
effort to keep user-affecting changes to the workings of the products
from diverging too radically. There is no direct involvement of either
group in the workings of the other.
You will find more information on the XFree86-2.0 release and the
XFree86 project in the file README from the documentation tarfile.
1. Supported Hardware
As this is the most often asked question, this will be the first
section. Currently XFree86 (Version 2.0) supports the following
chipsets in the XF86_SVGA server (note that it depends on the chipset
whether a card is working and not on the vendor, with Diamond notably
excluded, cf. the remark at the end of this paragraph):
nonaccelerated chipsets:
Tseng ET3000, ET4000AX, ET4000/W32
Western Digital/Paradise PVGA1
Western Digital WD90C00, WD90C10, WD90C11, WD90C30
Genoa GVGA
Trident TVGA8800CS, TVGA8900B, TVGA8900C, TVGA8900CL, TVGA9000
ATI 28800-4, 28800-5, 28800-a
NCR 77C22, 77C22E
Cirrus Logic GLGD5420, CLGD5422, CLGD5424, CLGD6205, CLGD6215,
CLGD6225, CLGD6235
Compaq AVGA (cf the question in the appendix)
OAK OTI067, OTI077
accelerated chipsets:
Cirrus CLGD5426, CLGD5428
Western Digital WD90C31
These chipsets are all supported in 256 color (XF86_SVGA) and in
monochrome mode (XF86_Mono) with the exception of the ATI and Cirrus
chipsets, which are only supported in 256 color mode. Note that the
ET4000/W32 is only supported as a ET4000 clone and none of the
accelerated functions are used.
The monochrome server also supports generic VGA cards (using 64k of the
video memory as a single bank), the Hercules card and the Hyundai
HGC-1280. Note that these drivers are not part of the XF86_Mono server
by default. If you want to use these, you have to reconfigure your
XF86_Mono server using the LinkKit (or, of course, the source
distribution - but the LinkKit will need less disk space and less
compile time).
There is an (experimental) additional server that works on generic VGA
hardware: XF86_VGA16, a 16 color server.
XFree86-2.0 supports the following accelerated chipsets with seperate
servers:
S3 86C911, 86C924, 86C801, 86C805, 86C928 supported by
the XF86_S3 server
ATI mach8 supported by the XF86_Mach8 server
ATI mach32 supported by the XF86_Mach32 server
IBM 8514/a and true clones supported by the XF86_8514 server
No other chipsets are supported; not Weitek P9000, not TIGA, not
IIT AGX, not Microfield, not the new MAG chipset (as in the
Matrox card), etc. Support for some of these will likely be
provided in future XFree86 releases. TIGA will never be
supported, as it requires licensing materials from TI (and may
disallow source distributions); Microfield boards will never be
supported, as they use proprietary and undocumented custom microcode
interfaces.
NOTE further: The following is a statement of the XFree86 Core Team
concerning graphic cards by Diamond:
All Diamond cards are NOT supported by XFree86 even if they
have a supported chipset (with the exception of the Cirrus
chipsets that have an internal clock generator). The reason
for this is that Diamond has changed the mechanism used to
select pixel clock frequencies, and will only release
programming information under non-disclosure. We are not
willing to do this (as it would mean that source cannot be
provided). We have had discussions with Diamond over this,
and they do not intend to change this policy. Hence we
will do nothing to support Diamond products going forward
(i.e. don't send us a program to run set their clocks).
XFree86 DOES NOT SUPPORT DIAMOND HARDWARE. It is possible
to make some of it work, but we will not assist in doing
this.
The author of this HOWTO does support this statement completely. If you
have read this and bought nevertheless a card from Diamond, you will
damage the idea of free software as Diamond does not support the efforts
of a free X11 server.
However, if you are stuck with a card from Diamond, there is a
compilation of the needed things to get XFree86 running on some of these
cards. It is called the Diamond-FAQ and can be obtained from tsx-11 or
sunsite in the docs directories.
Do not ask the XFree86 team about Diamond hardware. You will simply
annoy them, and get no information.
For some of these chipsets there are specific README files (to be found
in /usr/X386/lib/X11/etc). If there is one for the chipset you use, read
it!! In these READMEs the specific options that can be used to
configure the server are explained.
More information on the servers can be found in their manpages.
Later more on configuring the servers.
2. Where do I get XFree86 and what do I need to run it??
This section is dedicated to the Linux binary distribution so all file
names and site names are for Linux only. If you read this file and are
not using Linux, you should get your hands on the announcement of
XFree86-2.0 for you OS. In it you will find all necessary information on
obtaining it.
You can get the binary distribution of XFree86-2.0 for Linux via
anonymous FTP from
tsx-11.mit.edu:/pub/linux/packages/X11/XFree86-2.0
or
sunsite.unc.edu:/pub/Linux/X11/XFree86-2.0
and all MIRRORS of these two.
You can find an incomplete list of sites mirroring these in the
BBS-list that gets regularly posted to comp.os.linux.announce or can be
found on both sites in the docs directory.
The distribution consists of several gzipped tarfiles (some are too big
to fit on one floppy disk, you may have to split them):
XF86_8514.tar.gz An accelerated server for cards using IBM8514 chips
XF86_Mach32.tar.gz An accelerated server for cards using Mach32 chips
XF86_Mach8.tar.gz An accelerated server for cards using Mach8 chips
XF86_Mono.tar.gz A Monochrome server
XF86_S3.tar.gz An accelerated server for cards using S3 chips
XF86_SVGA.tar.gz An SVGA server (most chipsets use this)
XF86_VGA16.tar.gz A server for 16 colour graphics modes
xf86-svr-2.0.tar.gz All of the above servers
xf86-bin-2.0.tar.gz Client programs
xf86-cfg-2.0.tar.gz XDM configuration files and chooser
xf86-fnt-2.0.tar.gz Fonts (all of them)
xf86-kit-2.0.tar.gz Linkkit for building your own X servers
xf86-lib-2.0.tar.gz Dynamic libraries, bitmaps and minimal fonts
xf86-man-2.0.tar.gz Manual pages (both client + programmer)
xf86-pex-2.0.tar.gz PEX libraries and sample clients
xf86-prg-2.0.tar.gz Static libs, dynamic stubs, configs and
include files
xf86-doc-2.0.tar.gz Documentation and release notes for XFree86 2.0
xf86-doc2-2.0.tar.gz This file contains the manpage for Xconfig that
has mistakenly been left out of the -doc- file.
You will need libc 4.4.1 or newer to run XFree86-2.0. For the
accelerated servers you need Linux 0.99pl13 or newer (a working complete
mmap is needed for these).
The SVGA, VGA16 and Mono servers will work on Linux 0.99pl12 and newer.
Furthermore you will need to install David Engel's shared dynamic linker
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