📄 barebones.txt
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T H E B A R E B O N E S G U I D E T O H T M L
by Kevin Werbach
<http://werbach.com/>
Version 4.0 -- January 1999
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This document is available at <http://werbach.com/barebones/>, where you will
also find the HTML formatted version, translations, and background materials.
The Bare Bones Guide to HTML lists all the tags that current browsers are
likely to recognize. I have included all the elements in the official HTML
4.0 recommendation with common attributes, as well as Netscape and Microsoft
extensions. This document is a quick reference, not a complete specification;
for official information about HTML and its development, see the World Wide
Web Consortium site at <http://www.w3.org/MarkUp/>.
The Guide is designed to be as concise as possible, and therefore it doesn't
go into any detail about how to use the various tags. For links to some good
step-by-step HTML guides, see <http://werbach.com/web/wwwhelp.html>.
FORMATTING OF THIS DOCUMENT
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This document looks best displayed in a monospaced font.
For clarity, I have separated out tag attributes onto separate lines.
Generally, multiple attributes can be applied to the same tag.
Tags are listed in upper case for ease of reading, although most tags are
not case sensitive.
SYMBOLS USED
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
URL URL of an external file (or just file name if in the same directory)
? Arbitrary number (i.e. <H?> means <H1>, <H2>, <H3>, etc.)
% Arbitrary percentage (i.e. <HR WIDTH="%"> means <HR WIDTH="50%">, etc.)
*** Arbitrary text (i.e. ALT="***" means fill in with text)
$$$$$$ Arbitrary hex (i.e. BGCOLOR="#$$$$$$" means BGCOLOR="#00FF1C", etc.)
::: Arbitrary date (i.e. DATETIME=":::" means "1994-11-05T08:15:30" etc.)
@ Email address (i.e. "mailto:@" means "mailto:kevin@werbach.com" etc.)
,,, Comma-delimited (i.e. COORDS=",,," means COORDS="0,0,50,50", etc.)
| Alternatives (i.e. ALIGN=LEFT|RIGHT|CENTER means pick one of these)
COMPATIBILITY (remember, HTML is evolving and browser implementations vary)
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(no notation) In the HTML 3.2 spec.; should work on all browsers
4.0 Introduced in HTML 4.0 recommendation
N1 Netscape extension introduced with Navigator version 1.0 or 1.1
N2 Netscape extension introduced with Navigator version 2.0
N3 Netscape extension introduced with Navigator version 3.0
N4 Netscape extension introduced with Navigator/Communicator version 4.0
MS Microsoft Internet Explorer extension
* Netscape extension now included in the HTML 4.0 specification
===========================================================================
===========================================================================
GENERAL (all HTML documents should have these)
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
Document Type <HTML></HTML> (beginning and end of file)
Title <TITLE></TITLE> (must be in header)
Header <HEAD></HEAD> (descriptive info, such as title)
Body <BODY></BODY> (bulk of the page)
STRUCTURAL DEFINITION (appearance controlled by the browser's preferences)
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Heading <H?></H?> (the spec. defines 6 levels)
Align Heading <H? ALIGN=LEFT|CENTER|RIGHT></H?>
Division <DIV></DIV>
Align Division <DIV ALIGN=LEFT|RIGHT|CENTER|JUSTIFY></DIV>
4.0 Defined Content <SPAN></SPAN>
Block Quote <BLOCKQUOTE></BLOCKQUOTE> (usually indented)
4.0 Quote <Q></Q> (for short quotations)
4.0 Citation <Q CITE="URL"></Q>
Emphasis <EM></EM> (usually displayed as italic)
Strong Emphasis <STRONG></STRONG> (usually displayed as bold)
Citation <CITE></CITE> (usually italics)
Code <CODE></CODE> (for source code listings)
Sample Output <SAMP></SAMP>
Keyboard Input <KBD></KBD>
Variable <VAR></VAR>
Definition <DFN></DFN> (not widely implemented)
Author's Address <ADDRESS></ADDRESS>
Large Font Size <BIG></BIG>
Small Font Size <SMALL></SMALL>
4.0 Insert <INS></INS> (marks additions in a new version)
4.0 Time of Change <INS DATETIME=":::"></INS>
4.0 Comments <INS CITE="URL"></INS>
4.0 Delete <DEL></DEL> (marks deletions in a new version)
4.0 Time of Change <DEL DATETIME=":::"></DEL>
4.0 Comments <DEL CITE="URL"></DEL>
4.0 Acronym <ACRONYM></ACRONYM>
4.0 Abbreviation <ABBR></ABBR>
PRESENTATION FORMATTING (author specifies text appearance)
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Bold <B></B>
Italic <I></I>
4.0* Underline <U></U> (not widely implemented)
Strikeout <STRIKE></STRIKE> (not widely implemented)
4.0* Strikeout <S></S> (not widely implemented)
Subscript <SUB></SUB>
Superscript <SUP></SUP>
Typewriter <TT></TT> (displays in a monospaced font)
Preformatted <PRE></PRE> (display text spacing as-is)
Width <PRE WIDTH=?></PRE> (in characters)
Center <CENTER></CENTER> (for both text and images)
N1 Blinking <BLINK></BLINK> (the most derided tag ever)
Font Size <FONT SIZE=?></FONT> (ranges from 1-7)
Change Font Size <FONT SIZE="+|-?"></FONT>
Font Color <FONT COLOR="#$$$$$$"></FONT>
4.0* Select Font <FONT FACE="***"></FONT>
N4 Point size <FONT POINT-SIZE=?></FONT>
N4 Weight <FONT WEIGHT=?></FONT>
4.0* Base Font Size <BASEFONT SIZE=?> (from 1-7; default is 3)
MS Marquee <MARQUEE></MARQUEE>
POSITIONING
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N3 Multi-Column <MULTICOL COLS=?></MULTICOL>
N3 Column Gutter <MULTICOL GUTTER=?></MULTICOL>
N3 Column Width <MULTICOL WIDTH=?></MULTICOL>
N3 Spacer <SPACER>
N3 Spacer Type <SPACER TYPE=HORIZONTAL|VERTICAL|BLOCK>
N3 Size <SPACER SIZE=?>
N3 Dimensions <SPACER WIDTH=? HEIGHT=?>
N3 Alignment <SPACER ALIGN=LEFT|RIGHT|CENTER>
N4 Layer <LAYER></LAYER>
N4 Name <LAYER ID="***"></LAYER>
N4 Location <LAYER LEFT=? TOP=?></LAYER>
N4 Rel. Position <LAYER PAGEX=? PAGEY=?></LAYER>
N4 Source File <LAYER SRC="***"></LAYER>
N4 Stacking <LAYER Z-INDEX=?></LAYER>
N4 Stack Position <LAYER ABOVE="***" BELOW="***"></LAYER>
N4 Dimensions <LAYER HEIGHT=? WIDTH=?></LAYER>
N4 Clipping Path <LAYER CLIP=,,,></LAYER>
N4 Visible? <LAYER VISIBILITY=SHOW|HIDDEN|INHERIT></LAYER>
N4 Background <LAYER BACKGROUND="$$$$$$"></LAYER>
N4 Color <LAYER BGCOLOR="$$$$$$"></LAYER>
N4 Inline Layer <ILAYER></ILAYER> (takes same attributes as LAYER)
N4 Alt. Content <NOLAYER</NOLAYER>
LINKS, GRAPHICS, AND SOUNDS
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Link Something <A HREF="URL"></A>
Link to Location <A HREF="URL#***"></A> (if in another document)
<A HREF="#***"></A> (if in current document)
4.0* Target Window <A HREF="URL" TARGET="***"></A>
4.0* Action on Click <A HREF="URL" ONCLICK="***"></A> (Javascript)
4.0* Mouseover Action <A HREF="URL" ONMOUSEOVER="***"></A> (Javascript)
4.0* Mouse out Action <A HREF="URL" ONMOUSEOUT="***"></A> (Javascript)
Link to Email <A HREF="mailto:@"></A>
Specify subject <A HREF="mailto:@?SUBJECT=***"></A> (use a real ?)
Define Location <A NAME="***"></A>
Display Image <IMG SRC="URL">
Alignment <IMG SRC="URL" ALIGN=TOP|BOTTOM|MIDDLE|LEFT|RIGHT>
N1 Alignment <IMG SRC="URL" ALIGN=TEXTTOP|ABSMIDDLE|
BASELINE|ABSBOTTOM>
Alternate <IMG SRC="URL" ALT="***"> (if image not displayed)
Dimensions <IMG SRC="URL" WIDTH=? HEIGHT=?> (in pixels)
<IMG SRC="URL" WIDTH=% HEIGHT=%> (as percentage)
Border <IMG SRC="URL" BORDER=?> (in pixels)
Runaround Space <IMG SRC="URL" HSPACE=? VSPACE=?> (in pixels)
N1 Low-Res Proxy <IMG SRC="URL" LOWSRC="URL">
Imagemap <IMG SRC="URL" ISMAP> (requires a script)
Imagemap <IMG SRC="URL" USEMAP="URL">
MS Movie Clip <IMG DYNSRC="***" START="***" LOOP=?>
MS Background Sound <BGSOUND SRC="***" LOOP=?|INFINITE>
Client-Side Map <MAP NAME="***"></MAP> (describes the map)
Map Section <AREA SHAPE="DEFAULT|RECT|CIRCLE|POLY"
COORDS=",,," HREF="URL"|NOHREF>
N1 Client Pull <META HTTP-EQUIV="Refresh" CONTENT="?; URL=URL">
N2 Embed Object <EMBED SRC="URL"> (insert object into page)
N2 Object Size <EMBED SRC="URL" WIDTH=? HEIGHT=?>
4.0 Object <OBJECT></OBJECT>
4.0 Parameters <PARAM>
DIVIDERS
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Paragraph <P></P> (closing tag often unnecessary)
Align Text <P ALIGN=LEFT|CENTER|RIGHT></P>
N Justify Text <P ALIGN=JUSTIFY></P>
Line Break <BR> (a single carriage return)
Clear Textwrap <BR CLEAR=LEFT|RIGHT|ALL>
Horizontal Rule <HR>
Alignment <HR ALIGN=LEFT|RIGHT|CENTER>
Thickness <HR SIZE=?> (in pixels)
Width <HR WIDTH=?> (in pixels)
Width Percent <HR WIDTH="%"> (as a percentage of page width)
Solid Line <HR NOSHADE> (without the 3D cutout look)
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