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<html> <head> <meta content="en-us" http-equiv="Content-Language"> <meta content="text/html; charset=UTF-8" http-equiv="Content-Type"> <link type="text/css" rel="stylesheet" href="../../../../../css/ccna.css"> <script src="../../../../../js/framesetHelper.js" language="JavaScript"></script><script language="JavaScript"> window.scrollTo(0,0); function newPage(pageID) { alert("COMMING SOON!!\nThis feature is currently in development."); } function launchMoreInfo(oid) { dash = oid.indexOf('-'); sub1 = oid.substring(0,dash); sub2 = oid.substring(dash+1); // this is an URL base on the // system that generated the static // download of the curriculum. httpref = "http://nomar.sdf.cisco.com/servlet/org.cli.delivery.rendering.servlet.MIServlet/Static=true,LMSID=DTUI,Engine=dynamic,Theme=cnamstheme,Style=ccna,Language=en,Version=2,RootID=knet-v214aCV47051/CHAPID=null/RLOID=null/RIOID=null/"; newref = httpref + sub1 +"/"+ sub2 +"/moreinfoframeset.html"; //alert("new newref :\n" + newref); window.open(newref,'MoreInfo','toolbar=no,status=yes,menubar=no,location=no,scrollbars=yes,height=442,width=756,left=20,top=20,resizable=yes') } function launchContentResource(contentID) { top.currentSupport = 0; dash = contentID.indexOf('-'); sub1 = contentID.substring(0,dash); sub2 = contentID.substring(dash+1); numbackParams = "CHAPID=" + "knet-v214aCH47515" + "/RLOID=" + "knet-v214aRLO48010" + "/RIOID=" + "knet-v214aRIO124724"; ContentRef = "../../../../../"+ numbackParams + "/"+ sub1 +"/"+ sub2 +"/"; eval('parent.frames.content_frame.location.href="'+ContentRef+'content.html"'); eval('parent.frames.media_frame.location.href="'+ContentRef+'media.html"'); eval('parent.frames.navigation_frame.location.href="'+ContentRef+'contentresourcenav.html"'); top.currentSupport++; top.firstSupportPage = contentID; top.prevPage = contentID; top.contentResourceID = contentID; } function launchReference(rioID, rloID, chapterID) { contentID = "knet-v214aCV47051"; dash = contentID.indexOf('-'); sub1 = contentID.substring(0,dash); sub2 = contentID.substring(dash+1); numbackParams = "CHAPID=" + chapterID + "/RLOID=" + rloID + "/RIOID=" + rioID; ContentRef = "../../../../../"+ numbackParams + "/"+ sub1 +"/"+ sub2 +"/"; eval('top.frames.main_frame.location.href="'+ContentRef+'referencecontroller_crf.html"'); chapter = "knet-v214aCH47515"; ch_dash = chapter.indexOf('-'); ch_sub1 = chapter.substring(0,ch_dash); ch_sub2 = chapter.substring(ch_dash+1); params = "CHAPID=" + chapter + "/RLOID=" + "knet-v214aRLO48010" + "/RIOID=" + "knet-v214aRIO124724"; returnRef = "../../../../../"+ params + "/"+ ch_sub1 +"/"+ ch_sub2 +"/pageframeset.html"; top.prevPage = returnRef; } function launchFile(filepath) { newWindow = window.open(filepath,"","top=70,left=120,width="+(screen.width*.50)+",height="+(screen.height*.50)+",resizable=yes,scrollbars=yes,toolbar=yes,menubar=yes,status=yes"); /* if (is.ie && filepath.lastIndexOf(".pdf") != -1) { pageTimer = setInterval("winLoadCheck()", 1000); } */ } function winLoadCheck() { if (newWindow.document.readyState == 'complete') { clearInterval(pageTimer); newWindow.location.reload(); } } // BrowserCheck Object // provides most commonly needed browser checking variables // 19990326 // Copyright (C) 1999 Dan Steinman // Distributed under the terms of the GNU Library General Public License // Available at http://www.dansteinman.com/dynapi/ function BrowserCheck() { var b = navigator.appName if (b=="Netscape") this.b = "ns" else if (b=="Microsoft Internet Explorer") this.b = "ie" else this.b = b this.v = parseInt(navigator.appVersion) this.ns = (this.b=="ns" && this.v>=4) this.ns4 = (this.b=="ns" && this.v==4) this.ns5 = (this.b=="ns" && this.v==5) this.ie = (this.b=="ie" && this.v>=4) this.ie4 = (navigator.userAgent.indexOf('MSIE 4')>0) this.ie5 = (navigator.appVersion.indexOf('MSIE 5.0')>0) this.ie55 = (navigator.appVersion.indexOf('MSIE 5.5')>0) if (this.ie5) this.v = 5 this.min = (this.ns||this.ie) } // automatically create the "is" object is = new BrowserCheck()</script> </head> <body onLoad="window.focus();" alink="#000000" vlink="#000000" link="#000000" bgcolor="#E7E7E7" background="../../../../../images/ccna/common/bg.gif"> <table width="100%" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="2" border="0"><tr> <td bgcolor="#000000"><img height="1" width="2" border="0" src="../../../../../images/ccna/common/transdot.gif"></td><td class="rlohdr"><img height="1" width="2" border="0" src="../../../../../images/ccna/common/transdot.gif"></td><td valign="top" class="rlohdr">15.4</td><td width="100%" class="rlohdr"> <table width="90%" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" border="0"> <tr> <td class="rlohdr">Application Layer Examples</td> </tr> </table> </td> </tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="#000000"><img height="1" width="2" border="0" src="../../../../../images/ccna/common/transdot.gif"></td><td class="riohdr"><img height="1" width="2" border="0" src="../../../../../images/ccna/common/transdot.gif"></td><td valign="top" class="riohdr">15.4.3</td><td width="100%" class="riohdr"> <table width="90%" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" border="0"> <tr> <td class="riohdr">Hypertext transfer protocol</td> </tr> </table> </td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="4"> <table width="90%" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" border="0"> <tr> <td class="smtext"> <p> </p><table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" width="100%" border="0" xmlns:java="http://xml.apache.org/xslt/java"> <tr> <td width="100%"><img height="10" width="1" border="0" src="../../../../../images/ccna/common/transdot.gif"></td> </tr> <tr> <td width="100%"> <table bgcolor="#000000" bordercolor="#000000" cellspacing="0" bordercolorlight="#000000" width="100%" border="0"> <tr> <td width="100%"> <table bgcolor="#FFFFFF" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="2" width="100%" border="0"> <tr> <td valign="middle"><img height="22" width="22" border="0" src="../../../../../images/ccna/common/inotes.gif"></td><td valign="middle"><span class="cstitle">Instructor Note</span></td> </tr> <tr> <td valign="top"> </td><td valign="top"><span class="cstext"> <p>The purpose of http and its relation to the WWW are explained. it is very important to "uncover" the mystery behind this ubiquitous protocol. Students use it every day, but few can describe what is going on when http is typed. This makes cyberspace a little less magical.</p> <p>The purpose of this target indicator is to give the student a precise definition of hyperlinks. For those with a fair amount of programming background, you might want to compare hyperlinks to pointer variables and linked lists.</p> <p>The purpose of this target indicator is to have a student dissect a URL. the students use URLs every day but rarely take the time to understand them in detail. This makes cyberspace a little less magical.</p> <p>A short definition of and examples of redirectors are presented.</p> <p>This TI relates to CCNA Certification Exam Objectives #1.</p> </span></td> </tr> </table> </td> </tr> </table> </td> </tr> </table><p>Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP) works with the World Wide Web, which is the fastest growing and most used part of the Internet. One of the main reasons for the extraordinary growth of the Web is the ease with which it allows access to information. A Web browser (along with all the other network applications covered in this chapter) is a client-server application, which means that it requires both a client and a server component in order to function.</p><p>A Web browser presents data in multimedia formats on Web pages that use text, graphics, sound, and video. The Web pages are created with a format language called Hypertext Markup Language (HTML). HTML directs a Web browser on a particular Web page to produce the appearance of the page in a specific manner. In addition, HTML specifies locations for the placement of text, files, and objects that are to be transferred from the Web server to the Web browser.<img border="0" src="../../../../../CHAPID=knet-v214aCH47515/RLOID=knet-v214aRLO48010/RIOID=knet-v214aRIO124724/knet/v214adataimage1/1.gif" width="12" height="12"></p><p>Hyperlinks make the World Wide Web easy to navigate. A hyperlink is an object (word, phrase, or picture) on a Web page that, when clicked, transfers you to a new Web page. The Web page contains (often, hidden within its HTML description) an address location known as a Uniform Resource Locator (URL).<img border="0" src="../../../../../CHAPID=knet-v214aCH47515/RLOID=knet-v214aRLO48010/RIOID=knet-v214aRIO124724/knet/v214adataimage2/2.gif" width="12" height="12"></p><p>In the following example, the "http://" tells the browser which protocol to use. The second part, "www", tells the browser the name of the server to contact. In many cases, "www" is used as the server name because the server's primary function is the delivery of Web resources. The third part, "cisco.com", identifies the domain of the Web server IP address. The last part, "edu" identifies the specific folder location (on the server) that contains the Web page.<img border="0" src="../../../../../CHAPID=knet-v214aCH47515/RLOID=knet-v214aRLO48010/RIOID=knet-v214aRIO124724/knet/v214adataimage3/3.gif" width="12" height="12"></p><p> <b>Example:</b> </p><p>http://www.cisco.com/edu/</p><p>When you open a Web browser, the first thing you usually see is a starting (or "home") page. The URL of the home page has already been stored in the configuration area of your Web browser and can be changed at any time. From the starting page you can click on one of the Web page hyperlinks, or type a URL in the browser's address bar. The Web browser then examines the protocol to determine if it needs to open another program, and determines the IP address of the Web server.</p><p>After that, the transport layer, network layer, data link layer, and physical layer initiate a session with the Web server. The data that is transferred to the HTTP server contains the folder name of the Web page location. (The data can also contain a specific file name for an HTML page.) If no name is given, the server uses a default name (as specified in the server's configuration).</p><p>The server responds to the request by sending all of the text, audio, video, and graphic files, as specified in the HTML instructions, to the Web client. The client browser reassembles all the files to create a view of the Web page, and then terminates the session. If you click on another page that is located on the same, or a different server, the whole process begins again.</p><table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="4" width="63%" border="0" xmlns:java="http://xml.apache.org/xslt/java"> <tr> <td valign="middle" width="8%"><img height="23" width="23" src="../../../../../images/ccna/common/icon2.gif"></td><td valign="middle" width="92%"><span class="cstitle">Web Links</span></td> </tr> <tr> <td valign="middle" width="8%"> </td><td valign="middle" width="92%"><span class="smtext"><a target="_blank" href="http://www.ics.uci.edu/pub/ietf/http/rfc1945.html">Hypertext Transfer Protocol</a></span></td> </tr> </table></td> </tr> </table> </td> </tr></table> <p> </p> <table width="100%" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="2" border="0" valign="bottom"> <tr> <td></td> </tr> </table> </body></html>⌨️ 快捷键说明
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