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<html> <head> <meta content="en-us" http-equiv="Content-Language"> <meta content="text/html; charset=UTF-8" http-equiv="Content-Type"> <link type="text/css" rel="stylesheet" href="../../../../../css/ccna.css"> <script src="../../../../../js/framesetHelper.js" language="JavaScript"></script><script language="JavaScript"> window.scrollTo(0,0); function newPage(pageID) { alert("COMMING SOON!!\nThis feature is currently in development."); } function launchMoreInfo(oid) { dash = oid.indexOf('-'); sub1 = oid.substring(0,dash); sub2 = oid.substring(dash+1); // this is an URL base on the // system that generated the static // download of the curriculum. httpref = "http://nomar.sdf.cisco.com/servlet/org.cli.delivery.rendering.servlet.MIServlet/Static=true,LMSID=DTUI,Engine=dynamic,Theme=cnamstheme,Style=ccna,Language=en,Version=2,RootID=knet-v214aCV47051/CHAPID=null/RLOID=null/RIOID=null/"; newref = httpref + sub1 +"/"+ sub2 +"/moreinfoframeset.html"; //alert("new newref :\n" + newref); window.open(newref,'MoreInfo','toolbar=no,status=yes,menubar=no,location=no,scrollbars=yes,height=442,width=756,left=20,top=20,resizable=yes') } function launchContentResource(contentID) { top.currentSupport = 0; 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There are many general design methodologies. A method taught by Dartmouth as a particularly good problem-solving approach for high school students is briefly introduced.</p> <p>There are three key aspects to the "Dartmouth method". First, there is the problem solving cycle, which consists of:</p> <ul type="disc"><li>Original problem statement.</li><li>Redefine problem.</li><li>Develop general specifications.</li><li>Brainstorm alternatives.</li><li>Select most viable alternative.</li><li>Check problem definition.</li><li>Redefine and add specifications.</li><li>Brainstorm again if necessary.</li><li>Reiterate until problem is appropriate.</li></ul> <p>The key here is iteration -- engineering and technical design proceeds over and over again until the problem is adequately solved. The second key aspect to their approach is the problem-solving matrix. This is a graphical organizer, and it need not be an obstacle to students learning. Simply list alternatives (choices) down the horizontal rows, and list specifications across the vertical columns. In a real design process, many of these matrices would be created. You can teach the creation of these matrices with some simple choices the students would have to make, such as buying a car or choosing a college. The car or college with the highest score would presumably be the one they choose. If they still choose something with a lower score, that simply means there is a specification (a preference) that they have not made explicit. The matrix is a graphical organizer to help the design process and also serves as documentation of how a given design decision was reached.</p> <p>A third key aspect of design is brainstorming. This word is greatly overused. By brainstorming we mean a special two to ten minute session which follows these rules:</p> <ol><li>quantity of ideas</li><li>no censorship of ideas</li><li>building upon others ideas</li><li>wildest ideas possible</li></ol> <p>While the students will not use the full design method until semesters 3 and 4, they will be planning a structured cabling project and some of these techniques may prove useful.</p> <p>One activity relating to design is to brainstorm the meaning of the word design -- which means everything from fashion to architecture to aircraft to computer networks.</p> </span></td> </tr> </table> </td> </tr> </table> </td> </tr> </table><p>In technical fields such as engineering, the design process includes:</p><ul type="disc"><li>Designer - person doing the design</li><li>Client - person who has requested, and is probably paying for, the design</li><li>User(s) - person(s) who will be using the product</li><li>Brainstorming - generation of creative ideas for the design</li><li>Specifications development - usually numbers which will measure how well the design works</li><li>Building and testing - to meet client objectives and satisfy certain standards</li></ul><p>One of the methods that can be used in the process of creating a design is the problem solving cycle. This is a process that can be used repeatedly until the design is completed.</p><p>One of the methods that engineers use to organize their ideas and plans when doing a design is to use the <i>problem-solving matrix</i>. This matrix lists alternatives and various choices, or options, from which to choose.</p><table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="4" width="63%" border="0" xmlns:java="http://xml.apache.org/xslt/java"> <tr> <td valign="middle" width="8%"><img height="23" width="23" src="../../../../../images/ccna/common/icon2.gif"></td><td valign="middle" width="92%"><span class="cstitle">Web Links</span></td> </tr> <tr> <td valign="middle" width="8%"> </td><td valign="middle" width="92%"><span class="smtext"><a target="_blank" href="http://thayer.dartmouth.edu/teps/what.is.eps.html">What is Engineering Problem Solving?</a></span></td> </tr> <tr> <td valign="middle" width="8%"> </td><td valign="middle" width="92%"><span class="smtext"><a target="_blank" href="http://www.siemon.com/glossary/definitions.html">Cabling Glossary</a></span></td> </tr> </table></td> </tr> </table> </td> </tr></table> <p> </p> <table width="100%" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="2" border="0" valign="bottom"> <tr> <td></td> </tr> </table> </body></html>⌨️ 快捷键说明
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