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<html>    <head>        <meta content="en-us" http-equiv="Content-Language">        <meta content="text/html; charset=UTF-8" http-equiv="Content-Type">        <link type="text/css" rel="stylesheet" href="../../../../../css/ccna.css">        <script src="../../../../../js/framesetHelper.js" language="JavaScript"></script><script language="JavaScript">        window.scrollTo(0,0);        function newPage(pageID) {            alert("COMMING SOON!!\nThis feature is currently in development.");        }        function launchMoreInfo(oid) {            dash = oid.indexOf('-');            sub1 = oid.substring(0,dash);            sub2 = oid.substring(dash+1);                                            // this is an URL base on the                                        // system that generated the static                                        // download of the curriculum.            httpref = 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eval('top.frames.main_frame.location.href="'+ContentRef+'referencecontroller_crf.html"');                        chapter = "knet-v214aCH47506";            ch_dash = chapter.indexOf('-');            ch_sub1 = chapter.substring(0,ch_dash);            ch_sub2 = chapter.substring(ch_dash+1);                        params = "CHAPID=" + chapter + "/RLOID=" + "knet-v214aRLO47667" + "/RIOID=" + "knet-v214aRIO121607";                        returnRef = "../../../../../"+ params + "/"+ ch_sub1 +"/"+ ch_sub2 +"/pageframeset.html";                                    top.prevPage = returnRef;                }        function launchFile(filepath) {              newWindow = window.open(filepath,"","top=70,left=120,width="+(screen.width*.50)+",height="+(screen.height*.50)+",resizable=yes,scrollbars=yes,toolbar=yes,menubar=yes,status=yes");            /*            if (is.ie && filepath.lastIndexOf(".pdf") != -1) {                pageTimer = setInterval("winLoadCheck()", 1000);            }            */        }        function winLoadCheck() {            if (newWindow.document.readyState == 'complete') {                           clearInterval(pageTimer);                newWindow.location.reload();            }        }          // BrowserCheck Object  // provides most commonly needed browser checking variables  // 19990326  // Copyright (C) 1999 Dan Steinman  // Distributed under the terms of the GNU Library General Public License  // Available at http://www.dansteinman.com/dynapi/  function BrowserCheck() {  	var b = navigator.appName  	if (b=="Netscape") this.b = "ns"  	else if (b=="Microsoft Internet Explorer") this.b = "ie"  	else this.b = b  	this.v = parseInt(navigator.appVersion)  	this.ns = (this.b=="ns" && this.v>=4)  	this.ns4 = (this.b=="ns" && this.v==4)  	this.ns5 = (this.b=="ns" && this.v==5)  	this.ie = (this.b=="ie" && this.v>=4)  	this.ie4 = (navigator.userAgent.indexOf('MSIE 4')>0)  	this.ie5 = (navigator.appVersion.indexOf('MSIE 5.0')>0)  	this.ie55 = (navigator.appVersion.indexOf('MSIE 5.5')>0)  	if (this.ie5) this.v = 5  	this.min = (this.ns||this.ie)  }  // automatically create the "is" object  is = new BrowserCheck()</script>    </head>    <body onLoad="window.focus();" alink="#000000" vlink="#000000" link="#000000" bgcolor="#E7E7E7" background="../../../../../images/ccna/common/bg.gif">        <table width="100%" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="2" border="0"><tr>                <td bgcolor="#000000"><img height="1" width="2" border="0" src="../../../../../images/ccna/common/transdot.gif"></td><td class="rlohdr"><img height="1" width="2" border="0" src="../../../../../images/ccna/common/transdot.gif"></td><td valign="top" class="rlohdr">6.5</td><td width="100%" class="rlohdr">                    <table width="90%" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" border="0">                        <tr>                            <td class="rlohdr">Media Access Control (MAC)</td>                        </tr>                    </table>                </td>            </tr>            <tr>                <td bgcolor="#000000"><img height="1" width="2" border="0" src="../../../../../images/ccna/common/transdot.gif"></td><td class="riohdr"><img height="1" width="2" border="0" src="../../../../../images/ccna/common/transdot.gif"></td><td valign="top" class="riohdr">6.5.3</td><td width="100%" class="riohdr">                    <table width="90%" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" border="0">                        <tr>                            <td class="riohdr">Deterministic MAC protocols</td>                        </tr>                    </table>                </td>            </tr>            <tr>                <td colspan="4">                    <table width="90%" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" border="0">                        <tr>                            <td class="smtext">                                <p>                                </p><table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" width="100%" border="0" xmlns:java="http://xml.apache.org/xslt/java">                                    <tr>                                        <td width="100%"><img height="10" width="1" border="0" src="../../../../../images/ccna/common/transdot.gif"></td>                                    </tr>                                    <tr>                                        <td width="100%">                                            <table bgcolor="#000000" bordercolor="#000000" cellspacing="0" bordercolorlight="#000000" width="100%" border="0">                                                <tr>                                                    <td width="100%">                                                        <table bgcolor="#FFFFFF" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="2" width="100%" border="0">                                                            <tr>                                                                <td valign="middle"><img height="22" width="22" border="0" src="../../../../../images/ccna/common/inotes.gif"></td><td valign="middle"><span class="cstitle">Instructor Note</span></td>                                                            </tr>                                                            <tr>                                                                <td valign="top">&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><span class="cstext">                                                                        <p>The purpose of this target indicator is to introduce one of the two basic categories of MAC algorithms. Deterministic approaches to media access control guarantee a regulated sequence of opportunities to transmit. The Token passing approach is presented as the main deterministic algorithm. This approach to media access control may seem preferable to students, as every computer is guaranteed its turn to transmit. Thus, theoretically, collisions are impossible. However, there are built-in inefficiencies (waiting for the token to come to a particular station wanting to transmit even when no other stations want to transmit) that make other media access control strategies desirable.</p>                                                                        <p>The "fairness" of token passing is usually obvious to students. But a classroom activity is to have four students kinesthetically act out the algorithm. Teach the students the following rules. Maximum frame size is three sentences. No one may speak until they have the token. Everyone must listen to the message and wait their turn for the token to come to them.</p>                                                                        <p>This TI relates to CCNA Certification Exam Objectives #3 and #60.</p>                                                                    </span></td>                                                            </tr>                                                        </table>                                                    </td>                                                </tr>                                            </table>                                        </td>                                    </tr>                                </table><p>Deterministic MAC protocols use a form of "taking your turn". Some Native American tribes used the custom of passing a "talking stick" during gatherings. Whoever held the talking stick was allowed to speak. When that person finished, he/she passed it to another person. In this analogy, the shared media is the air, the data are the words of the speaker, and the protocol is possession of the talking stick. The stick might even be called a "token".</p><p>This situation is similar to a data link protocol called a <i>Token Ring</i>. In a Token Ring network, individual hosts are arranged in a ring. A special data token circulates around the ring. When a host wants to transmit, it seizes the token, transmits the data for a limited time, and then places the token back in the ring, where it can be passed along, or seized, by another host.</p><table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="4" width="63%" border="0" xmlns:java="http://xml.apache.org/xslt/java">                                    <tr>                                        <td valign="middle" width="8%"><img height="23" width="23" src="../../../../../images/ccna/common/icon2.gif"></td><td valign="middle" width="92%"><span class="cstitle">Web Links</span></td>                                    </tr>                                    <tr>                                        <td valign="middle" width="8%">&nbsp;</td><td valign="middle" width="92%"><span class="smtext"><a target="_blank" href="http://www.ecs.umass.edu/ece/wireless/ECE671/hw6/node1.html">Media Access Control Protocol</a></span></td>                                    </tr>                                </table></td>                        </tr>                    </table>                </td>            </tr></table>        <p>        </p>        <table width="100%" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="2" border="0" valign="bottom">            <tr>                <td></td>            </tr>        </table>    </body></html>

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