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            T1</i></a>.</font></dd>
        </dl>
        <p><font face="Arial" size="2"><img border="0" src="../../images/bullet.gif" width="17" height="12"></font><a name="REF29487"><b><font size="2" face="Arial">FRAD</font></b></a>
        <dl>
          <dd><font face="Arial"><strong><font size="2">Frame Relay access
            device</font></strong><font size="2">. Any network device that
            provides a connection between a LAN and a Frame Relay WAN. See also <a href="c.html#REF28781"><i>Cisco
            FRAD</i></a> and <a href="f.html#REF26026"><i>FRAS</i></a>.</font></font></dd>
        </dl>
        <p><font face="Arial" size="2"><img border="0" src="../../images/bullet.gif" width="17" height="12"></font><b><font size="2" face="Arial">fragment</font></b>
        <dl>
          <dd><font size="2" face="Arial">Piece of a larger packet that has been
            broken down to smaller units.</font></dd>
        </dl>
        <p><font face="Arial" size="2"><img border="0" src="../../images/bullet.gif" width="17" height="12"></font><a name="REF26411"><b><font size="2" face="Arial">fragmentation</font></b></a>
        <dl>
          <dd><font size="2" face="Arial">Process of breaking a packet into
            smaller units when transmitting over a network medium that cannot
            support the original size of the packet. See also <a href="r.html#REF19280"><i>reassembly</i></a>.</font></dd>
        </dl>
        <p><font face="Arial" size="2"><img border="0" src="../../images/bullet.gif" width="17" height="12"></font><a name="REF18013"><b><font size="2" face="Arial">frame</font></b></a>
        <dl>
          <dd><font size="2" face="Arial">Logical grouping of information sent
            as a data link layer unit over a transmission medium. Often refers
            to the header and trailer, used for synchronization and error
            control, that surround the user data contained in the unit. The
            terms <a href="d.html#REF20412"><i>datagram</i></a>,
            <a href="m.html#REF34940"><i>message</i></a>,
            <a href="p.html#REF15733"><i>packet</i></a>,
            and <a href="s.html#REF14956"><i>segment</i></a>
            are also used to describe logical information groupings at various
            layers of the OSI reference model and in various technology circles.</font></dd>
        </dl>
        <p><font face="Arial" size="2"><img border="0" src="../../images/bullet.gif" width="17" height="12"></font><b><font size="2" face="Arial">frame
        check sequence</font></b>
        <dl>
          <dd><font size="2" face="Arial">See <a href="f.html#REF25354"><i>FCS</i></a>.</font></dd>
        </dl>
        <p><font face="Arial" size="2"><img border="0" src="../../images/bullet.gif" width="17" height="12"></font><a name="REF13169"><b><font size="2" face="Arial">frame
        forwarding</font></b></a>
        <dl>
          <dd><font size="2" face="Arial">Interface on the LightStream 2020 ATM
            switch that allows any traffic based on HDLC or SDLC frames to
            traverse the ATM network. Frame forwarding circuits are
            port-to-port, and only one PVC is allowed between a pair of ports.
            Frame forwarding is supported by the low-speed interface module,
            which offers V.35, EIA/TIA-449, or X.21 physical interfaces.
            Sometimes abbreviated <i>FF</i>.</font></dd>
        </dl>
        <p><font face="Arial" size="2"><img border="0" src="../../images/bullet.gif" width="17" height="12"></font><a name="REF19838"><b><font size="2" face="Arial">Frame
        Relay</font></b></a>
        <dl>
          <dd><font size="2" face="Arial">Industry-standard, switched data link
            layer protocol that handles multiple virtual circuits using HDLC
            encapsulation between connected devices. Frame Relay is more
            efficient than X.25, the protocol for which it is generally
            considered a replacement. See also <a href="x.html#REF32170"><i>X.25</i></a>.</font></dd>
        </dl>
        <p><font face="Arial" size="2"><img border="0" src="../../images/bullet.gif" width="17" height="12"></font><b><font size="2" face="Arial">Frame
        Relay Access Device</font></b>
        <dl>
          <dd><font size="2" face="Arial">See <a href="f.html#REF29487"><i>FRAD</i></a>.</font></dd>
        </dl>
        <p><font face="Arial" size="2"><img border="0" src="../../images/bullet.gif" width="17" height="12"></font><b><font size="2" face="Arial">Frame
        Relay Access Support</font></b>
        <dl>
          <dd><font size="2" face="Arial">See <a href="f.html#REF26026"><i>FRAS</i></a>.</font></dd>
        </dl>
        <p><font face="Arial" size="2"><img border="0" src="../../images/bullet.gif" width="17" height="12"></font><b><font size="2" face="Arial">Frame
        Relay bridging</font></b>
        <dl>
          <dd><font size="2" face="Arial">Bridging technique, described in RFC
            1490, that uses the same spanning-tree algorithm as other bridging
            functions, but allows packets to be encapsulated for transmission
            across a Frame Relay network.</font></dd>
        </dl>
        <p><font face="Arial" size="2"><img border="0" src="../../images/bullet.gif" width="17" height="12"></font><b><font size="2" face="Arial">frame
        switch</font></b>
        <dl>
          <dd><font size="2" face="Arial">See <a href="l.html#REF35659"><i>LAN
            switch</i></a>.</font></dd>
        </dl>
        <p><font face="Arial" size="2"><img border="0" src="../../images/bullet.gif" width="17" height="12"></font><a name="REF26026"><b><font size="2" face="Arial">FRAS</font></b></a>
        <dl>
          <dd><font face="Arial"><strong><font size="2">Frame Relay Access
            Support</font></strong><font size="2">. Cisco IOS software feature
            that allows SDLC, Token Ring, Ethernet, and Frame Relay-attached IBM
            devices to connect to other IBM devices across a Frame Relay
            network. See also <a href="f.html#REF29487"><i>FRAD</i></a>.</font></font></dd>
        </dl>
        <p><font face="Arial" size="2"><img border="0" src="../../images/bullet.gif" width="17" height="12"></font><b><font size="2" face="Arial">free-trade
        zone</font></b>
        <dl>
          <dd><font size="2" face="Arial">Part of an AppleTalk internetwork that
            is accessible by two other parts of the internetwork that are unable
            to directly access one another.</font></dd>
        </dl>
        <p><font face="Arial" size="2"><img border="0" src="../../images/bullet.gif" width="17" height="12"></font><b><font size="2" face="Arial">frequency</font></b>
        <dl>
          <dd><font size="2" face="Arial">Number of cycles, measured in hertz,
            of an alternating current signal per unit time.</font></dd>
        </dl>
        <p><font face="Arial" size="2"><img border="0" src="../../images/bullet.gif" width="17" height="12"></font><b><font size="2" face="Arial">frequency-division
        multiplexing</font></b>
        <dl>
          <dd><font size="2" face="Arial">See <a href="f.html#REF27029"><i>FDM</i></a>.</font></dd>
        </dl>
        <p><font face="Arial" size="2"><img border="0" src="../../images/bullet.gif" width="17" height="12"></font><b><font size="2" face="Arial">frequency
        modulation</font></b>
        <dl>
          <dd><font size="2" face="Arial">See <a href="f.html#REF15620"><i>FM</i></a>.</font></dd>
        </dl>
        <p><font face="Arial" size="2"><img border="0" src="../../images/bullet.gif" width="17" height="12"></font><b><font size="2" face="Arial">from
        switch unit</font></b>
        <dl>
          <dd><font size="2" face="Arial">See <a href="f.html#REF37395"><i>FSU</i></a>.</font></dd>
        </dl>
        <p><font face="Arial" size="2"><img border="0" src="../../images/bullet.gif" width="17" height="12"></font><a name="REF33368"><b><font size="2" face="Arial">front
        end</font></b></a>
        <dl>
          <dd><font size="2" face="Arial">Node or software program that requests
            services of a back end. See also <a href="b.html#REF20310"><i>back
            end</i></a>, <a href="c.html#REF41448"><i>client</i></a>,
            and <a href="s.html#REF14320"><i>server</i></a>.</font></dd>
        </dl>
        <p><font face="Arial" size="2"><img border="0" src="../../images/bullet.gif" width="17" height="12"></font><b><font size="2" face="Arial">front-end
        processor</font></b>
        <dl>
          <dd><font size="2" face="Arial">See <a href="f.html#REF14115"><i>FEP</i></a>.</font></dd>
        </dl>
        <p><font face="Arial" size="2"><img border="0" src="../../images/bullet.gif" width="17" height="12"></font><a name="REF12263"><b><font size="2" face="Arial">FRU</font></b></a>
        <dl>
          <dd><font face="Arial"><strong><font size="2">Field-replaceable unit</font></strong><font size="2">.
            Hardware component that can be removed and replaced by
            Cisco-certified service providers. Typical FRUs include cards, power
            supplies, and chassis components.</font></font></dd>
        </dl>
        <p><font face="Arial" size="2"><img border="0" src="../../images/bullet.gif" width="17" height="12"></font><a name="REF12319"><b><font size="2" face="Arial">FSIP</font></b></a>
        <dl>
          <dd><font face="Arial"><strong><font size="2">Fast Serial Interface
            Processor</font></strong><font size="2">. The default serial
            interface processor for Cisco 7000 series routers. The FSIP provides
            four or eight high-speed serial ports.</font></font></dd>
        </dl>
        <p><font face="Arial" size="2"><img border="0" src="../../images/bullet.gif" width="17" height="12"></font><a name="REF13245"><b><font size="2" face="Arial">FST</font></b></a>
        <dl>
          <dd><font face="Arial"><strong><font size="2">Fast Sequenced Transport</font></strong><font size="2">.
            Connectionless, sequenced transport protocol that runs on top of the
            IP protocol. SRB traffic is encapsulated inside of IP datagrams and
            is passed over an FST connection between two network devices (such
            as routers). Speeds up data delivery, reduces overhead, and improves
            the response time of SRB traffic.</font></font></dd>
        </dl>
        <p><font face="Arial" size="2"><img border="0" src="../../images/bullet.gif" width="17" height="12"></font><a name="REF37395"><b><font size="2" face="Arial">FSU</font></b></a>
        <dl>
          <dd><font face="Arial"><strong><font size="2">From switch unit</font></strong><font size="2">.
            Subsystem of each line card on a LightStream 2020 ATM switch that
            accepts calls from the switch card, verifies their checksums, and
            passes them to the reassembly unit. The FSU selectively drops cells
            if the network becomes congested.</font></font></dd>
        </dl>
        <p><font face="Arial" size="2"><img border="0" src="../../images/bullet.gif" width="17" height="12"></font><a name="REF27816"><b><font size="2" face="Arial">FTAM</font></b></a>
        <dl>
          <dd><font face="Arial"><strong><font size="2">File Transfer, Access,
            and Management</font></strong><font size="2">. In OSI, an
            application layer protocol developed for network file exchange and
            management between diverse types of computers.</font></font></dd>
        </dl>
        <p><font face="Arial" size="2"><img border="0" src="../../images/bullet.gif" width="17" height="12"></font><a name="REF29054"><b><font size="2" face="Arial">FTP</font></b></a>
        <dl>
          <dd><font face="Arial"><strong><font size="2">File Transfer Protocol</font></strong><font size="2">.
            Application protocol, part of the TCP/IP protocol stack, used for
            transferring files between network nodes. FTP is defined in RFC 959.</font></font></dd>
        </dl>
        <p><font face="Arial" size="2"><img border="0" src="../../images/bullet.gif" width="17" height="12"></font><a name="REF36790"><b><font size="2" face="Arial">full
        duplex</font></b></a>
        <dl>
          <dd><font size="2" face="Arial">Capability for simultaneous data
            transmission between a sending station and a receiving station.
            Compare with <a href="h.html#REF14111"><i>half
            duplex</i></a> and <a href="s.html#REF16130"><i>simplex</i></a>.</font></dd>
        </dl>
        <p><font face="Arial" size="2"><img border="0" src="../../images/bullet.gif" width="17" height="12"></font><a name="REF15699"><b><font size="2" face="Arial">full
        mesh</font></b></a>
        <dl>
          <dd><font size="2" face="Arial">Term describing a network in which
            devices are organized in a mesh topology, with each network node
            having either a physical circuit or a virtual circuit connecting it
            to every other network node. A full mesh provides a great deal of
            redundancy, but because it can be prohibitively expensive to
            implement, it is usually reserved for network backbones. See also <a href="m.html#REF19184"><i>mesh</i></a>
            and <a href="p.html#REF27166"><i>partial
            mesh</i></a>.</font></dd>
        </dl>
        <p><font face="Arial" size="2"><img border="0" src="../../images/bullet.gif" width="17" height="12"></font><b><font size="2" face="Arial">function
        card</font></b>
        <dl>
          <dd><font size="2" face="Arial">Line card or an NP card in a
            LightStream 2020 ATM switch.</font></dd>
        </dl>
        <p><font face="Arial" size="2"><img border="0" src="../../images/bullet.gif" width="17" height="12"></font><b><font size="2" face="Arial">function
        card load</font></b>
        <dl>
          <dd><font size="2" face="Arial">See <a href="f.html#REF29200"><i>fcload</i></a>.</font></dd>
        </dl>
        <p><font face="Arial" size="2"><img border="0" src="../../images/bullet.gif" width="17" height="12"></font><b><font size="2" face="Arial">Fuzzball</font></b>
        <dl>
          <dd><font size="2" face="Arial">Digital Equipment Corporation LSI-11
            computer system running IP gateway software. The NSFnet used these
            systems as backbone packet switches.</font></dd>
        </dl>
      </td>
    </tr>
  </table>

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